Tsibirin Kangaroo
| Tsibirin Kangaroo | |
|---|---|
 | |
| General information | |
Height above mean sea level (en)  | 174 m |
| Tsawo | 145 km |
| Fadi | 56 km |
| Yawan fili | 4,374 km² |
| Labarin ƙasa | |
 | |
| Tsarin Daidaiton Labarin Kasa | 35°48′S 137°18′E / 35.8°S 137.3°E |
| Wuri | Tekun Indiya |
| Kasa | Asturaliya |
| Territory |
South Australia (en) |
| Flanked by | Tekun Indiya |
| Hydrography (en) | |
| Mountaineering (en) | |
Tsibirin Kangaroo ( Kaurna , lit. ' [1] shine tsibiri na uku mafi girma a Ostiraliya, bayan Tasmania da tsibirin Melville . Ya ta'allaka ne a cikin jihar South Australia, 112 kilometres (70 mi) kudu maso yammacin Adelaide . Matsakaicin kusancinsa zuwa babban yankin shine Snapper Point a cikin Wurin Baya, wanda shine 13.5 kilometres (8.4 mi) daga Fleurieu Peninsula .
Jama'ar asalin da suka taɓa zama tsibirin (wani lokacin ana kiransu mutanen Kartan) sun ɓace daga rikodin archaeological wani lokaci bayan ƙasar ta zama tsibiri [2] biyo bayan hauhawar matakan teku da ke da alaƙa da Lokacin Glacial na Ƙarshe kusan shekaru 10,000 da suka gabata. Daga baya masu rufewa da masu kifi a farkon karni na 19, kuma daga 1836 a kan dindindin a lokacin Mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya na Kudancin Australia.
Tun daga wannan lokacin tattalin arzikin tsibirin ya kasance mafi yawan aikin gona, tare da kamun kifi na kudancin dutse da kuma yawon bude ido da ke girma da muhimmanci. Birni mafi girma, da kuma cibiyar gudanarwa, shine Kingscote . Tsibirin yana da wuraren ajiyar yanayi da yawa don kare ragowar ciyayi na halitta da dabbobi na asali, tare da mafi girma kuma mafi sananne shine Flinders Chase National Park a ƙarshen yamma.
Bayyanawa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Tsibirin yana da nisan kilomita 145 (90 a yamma / gabas kuma tsakanin 0.94 da 54 daga mafi ƙanƙanta zuwa mafi faɗin arewa / kudu. Yankin ya rufe 4,405 square kilometres (1,701 sq mi) km2 sq . Yankin bakin tekun yana da tsawon kilomita 540 kilometres (336 mi) (336 mi), kuma mafi girman matsayi na mita 307 (1007 [3] yana cikin Flinders Chase National Park, yammacin mahaɗar Playford da West End Highways. Matsayi na biyu mafi girma shine Dutsen MacDonnell a 299 metres (981 ft) ft) sama da matakin teku. An raba shi daga Yankin Yorke zuwa arewa maso yammacin Investigator Strait kuma daga Yankin Fleurieu zuwa arewa maso gabas ta Backstairs Passage. Wani rukuni na tsibirai, Pages, suna kwance a gabashin tsibirin.
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Amfani na asali
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Tsibirin Kangaroo ya rabu da babban yankin Australia kusan shekaru 10,000 da suka gabata, saboda hauhawar matakin teku bayan lokacin glacial na ƙarshe. An san shi da (Karta) Pintingga ('Island of the Dead') ta mutanen Aboriginal na ƙasar, kasancewar Kayan aikin dutse da shell middens ya nuna cewa mutanen Aborigine sun taɓa zama a tsibirin Kangaroo . [4][5] An yi tunanin cewa sun mamaye shi tun da daɗewa kamar shekaru 16,000 da suka gabata kuma watakila sun ɓace daga tsibirin kwanan nan kamar shekaru 2000 da suka gabata.[6] Duk da haka akwai shaidar mutanen Kartan a kan ƙasar, alal misali a Hallett Cove .
Labarin mafarki na Aboriginal ya ba da labari game da ambaliyar ruwa ta Backstairs Passage: [7]
"Tun da ya gabata, matan Ngurunderi guda biyu sun gudu daga gare shi, kuma an tilasta masa ya bi su kuma yayin da ya yi haka ya haye Tafkin Albert kuma ya tafi bakin rairayin bakin teku zuwa Cape Jervis. Lokacin da ya isa can ya ga matansa suna tafiya a rabi a fadin tashar da ba ta da zurfi wanda ya raba Nongowie daga babban yankin. Ya ƙuduri aniyar azabtar da matansa, kuma da fushi ya umarci ruwa ya tashi kuma sun nutsar da su. "Da babbar hanyar ruwa sun yi tsalle zuwa ga ruwa don haka sun yi musu ruwa.
Zamanin Turai
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A ranar 23 ga Maris 1802, mai binciken Burtaniya Matthew Flinders, ya umarci HMS Investigator, mai suna ƙasar "Tsibirin Kanguroo (sic) ", [8] saboda ƙayyadaddun nau'ikan nau'ikan kangaroo na yamma, Macropus fuliginosus fuliginosus, [9] bayan ya sauka kusa da Kangaroo Head a arewacin gabar tekun Dudley Peninsula . An bi shi a hankali tare da mai binciken Faransa Kwamandan Nicolas Baudin, wanda shine Bature na farko don kewaya tsibirin kuma wanda ya tsara yawancin tsibirin (wanda shine dalilin da ya sa yawancin yankuna suna da sunayen Faransanci).
Jirgin ruwa da hasken wuta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Jiragen ruwa da yawa sun rushe a bakin tekun tsibirin Kangaroo. Na farko shine mai yankan William (20 ton), wanda ya rushe yayin ƙoƙarin shiga Hog Bay a ranar 23 ga watan Agusta 1847. Jirgin da ya fi girma ya ɓace shi ne Portland Maru (ton 5,865), wanda ya nutse a Cape Torrens a ranar 20 ga Maris 1935. Babban asarar rayuka ya faru ne tare da fashewar Loch Sloy a ranar 24 ga Afrilu 1899 a Maupertuis Bay, lokacin da mutane 31 suka nitse, kuma wanda ya tsira na farko ya mutu. Mutane ashirin da bakwai sun nitse a West Bay a watan Satumbar 1905, lokacin da Loch Vennachar ya rushe.[10]
An gina hasumiya ta farko a Cape Willoughby a 1852; wannan kuma ita ce hasumiya na farko da aka gina a Kudancin Australia. Wannan ya biyo bayan Cape Borda Lightstation a 1858, Cape du Couedic Lighthouse a 1906 da Cape St Albans Lighthouse a 1908. Dukkanin hasken wuta suna ci gaba da aiki.[11]
Yawon shakatawa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Tsibirin Kangaroo yana daya daga cikin shahararrun wuraren yawon bude ido na Kudancin Australia, yana jan hankalin baƙi sama da 140,000 a kowace shekara, tare da baƙi na duniya, da farko daga Turai, wanda ya kai sama da 25% na waɗannan ziyarar.[12] Akwai kamfanoni 114 da ke aiki a cikin bangaren a watan Yunin 2016 kuma kuɗin baƙi ya kai dala miliyan 123 a watan Disamba na 2017. Ana sa ran kashe kuɗin zai kai dala miliyan 168 a watan Disamba na 2020.[13] Wasu daga cikin shahararrun wuraren yawon bude ido sune:
- Gidan shakatawa na Seal Bay tare da jagorantar tafiya tsakanin zakunan teku na Australiya.
- Flinders Chase National Park wanda ya hada da Remarkable Rocks, Admiral's Arch, fitilu a Cape Borda da Cape du Couedic, da hanyoyi masu yawa da wuraren shakatawa.
- Cape Willoughby
- Kelly Hill Caves
- Little Sahara, manyan yashi a bakin tekun kudu.
- Dutsen Thisby (wanda aka sanya shi a hukumance Prospect Hill a 2002 don girmama sunan Matthew Flinders na asali) tare da ra'ayi na digiri 360 a kusa da tsibirin.
- Murray Lagoon tare da yawan rayuwar tsuntsayen ruwa.
- Gidan shakatawa na Kangaroo Island a Duncan ya haɗa da namun daji na gida kamar koalas, Kangaroos, ƙananan penguins da dabbobi masu rarrafe, amma kuma dabbobi kamar birai masu launin ruwan kasa, Marmosets na yau da kullun, Dingoes, meerkats da Serval.
- Cibiyar Penguin ta Kangaroo Island (tsohon Cibiyar Marine ta Kangaroo Islands) a Kingscote yanzu an rufe amma mai ba da sabis na yawon shakatawa na gida, Kangaroo Island Hire a Guide, har yanzu yana shirya yawon shakata na dare daga Kingscote.[14]
- Raptor Domain (tsuntsu mai tashi na gabatarwa da kuma nuna dabbobi masu rarrafe)
- Hanson Bay Wildlife Sanctuary koala walk da kuma yawon shakatawa na dare suna ba da damar ganin dabbobin daji na gida.
- Yawancin gonaki da ke sayar da zuma daga ƙudan zuma na Liguria
- Emu Ridge Eucalyptus Oil Distillery wanda ke ƙera man eucalyptus ta amfani da tsohuwar wuta [15]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Tylor, James. "karta (the island of the dead)". Archived from the original on 5 December 2020. Retrieved 8 December 2020.
- ↑ Walshe, Keryn (2005). "Indigenous Archaeological Sites and the Black Swamp Fossil Bed: Rocky River Precinct, Flinders Chase National Park, Kangaroo Island, South Australia". Australian Archaeology (in Turanci). 60 (1): 61–64. doi:10.1080/03122417.2005.11681808. ISSN 0312-2417. S2CID 143379553. Archived from the original on 24 February 2024. Retrieved 15 August 2022.
- ↑ "Kangaroo Island High Point". www.peakbagger.com. Archived from the original on 21 July 2020. Retrieved 25 January 2020.
- ↑ Empty citation (help)
- ↑ Tylor, James. "karta (the island of the dead)". Archived from the original on 5 December 2020. Retrieved 8 December 2020.
- ↑ "Kangaroo Island Visitor Guide". Archived from the original on 22 January 2018. Retrieved 21 January 2018.
- ↑ "Karta: Island of the Dead - Kangaroo Island". www.austhrutime.com. Archived from the original on 26 July 2017. Retrieved 7 August 2021.
- ↑ "Transcription of Journal of Matthew Flinders". State Library of South Australia. 23 March 1802. p. 170. Archived from the original on 2 February 2009. Retrieved 17 June 2008.
- ↑ "Kangaroo Island kangaroo – Macropus fuliginosus". Australia Reptile Park. Archived from the original on 26 December 2015. Retrieved 28 January 2013.
- ↑ Chapman, Gifford D,Kangaroo Island Shipwrecks: Roebuck Society Publications 1972, ISBN 0-909434-01-8.
- ↑ Chapman, Gifford D.Kangaroo Island Shipwrecks Roebruck Society Publication, 1972, ISBN 0-909434-01-8
- ↑ Kangaroo Island Tourism Optimisation Model (2005–2006). "Visitor Exit Surveys". Archived from the original on 21 May 2007. Retrieved 22 June 2007.
- ↑ "Kangaroo Island". South Australian Tourism Commission. 27 July 2021. Archived from the original on 30 May 2019. Retrieved 30 May 2019.
- ↑ "Kangaroo Island Hire a Guide & Nocturnal Tours". Kangaroo Island, South Australia (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-03-28.
- ↑ "Emu Ridge | Kangaroo Island Eucalyptus Products". Emu Ridge. Archived from the original on 2 February 2014. Retrieved 4 February 2014.