Tsibirin zafi na birni
 Tsibirin zafi na birni | |
|---|---|
phenomenon (en)  | |
 | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na | Yankin birni |
| Fuskar | Yanayin da aka gina da Rashin daidaito na zafi a cikin birane |
| Has cause (en) |
intentional human activity (en) , Yanayin da aka gina da solar radiation (en) |
| Greater than (en) |
Countryside da surroundings (en) |
Yankunan birane yawanci suna fuskantar tasirin 'tsibirin zafi na birane ('UHI); wato, suna da zafi sosai fiye da yankunan karkara da ke kewaye da su. Bambancin zafin jiki yawanci ya fi girma da dare fiye da rana, [1] kuma ya fi bayyane lokacin da iskõki suka raunana, a ƙarƙashin yanayin toshewa, a bayyane a lokacin rani da hunturu. Babban dalilin tasirin UHI shine daga gyaran farfajiyar ƙasa, yayin da zafin sharar da aka samar ta hanyar amfani da makamashi shine mai ba da gudummawa na biyu.[2][3] Yankunan birane suna da kusan 0.5% na ƙasar duniya amma suna karɓar bakuncin fiye da rabin yawan jama'ar duniya.[4] Yayin da cibiyar yawan jama'a ke girma, tana fadada yankinta kuma tana kara yawan zafin jikinta. Ana kuma amfani da kalmar tsibirin zafi; ana iya amfani da kalmar don komawa ga kowane yanki wanda ya fi zafi fiye da kewayen, amma gabaɗaya yana nufin wuraren da mutane suka dame.[5]
Ruwan sama na kowane wata ya fi girma a cikin birane, wani bangare saboda UHI. Karin zafi a cikin cibiyoyin birane yana ƙara tsawon lokutan girma, yana rage ingancin iska ta hanyar kara samar da gurbataccen abu kamar ozone, kuma yana rage inganin ruwa yayin da ruwan zafi ke gudana cikin raƙuman yankin kuma yana sanya damuwa a kan yanayin halittu.
Ba duka biranen ke da tsibiri na zafi na musamman ba, kuma yanayin tsibiri mai zafi ya dogara da yanayin yanayin yankin da birnin yake. [6] Tasirin birni na iya canzawa sosai dangane da yanayin gida. Za a iya rage zafi ta hanyar murfin bishiya da koren sarari, waɗanda ke aiki azaman tushen inuwa da haɓaka sanyaya mai fitar da iska . [7] Sauran zaɓuɓɓukan sun haɗa da rufin kore, aikace-aikacen sanyaya hasken rana, da amfani da filaye masu launin haske, da ƙarancin kayan gini. Waɗannan suna nuna ƙarin hasken rana kuma suna ɗaukar ƙarancin zafi. [8] [9] [10]
Canjin yanayi ba shine dalilin tsibirin zafi na birane ba, amma yana haifar da raƙuman zafi masu yawa, wanda hakan ke kara tasirin tsibirin zafi a birane (). ::993 Ƙananan ci gaban birane na iya ƙara tasirin tsibirin zafi na birane, wanda ke haifar da yanayin zafi mafi girma da karuwar fallasawa.[11]
Ma'anar
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ma'anar tsibirin zafi na birane shine: "Yadda zafin birni idan aka kwatanta da yankunan karkara da ke kewaye da shi. " ::2926 Wannan zafin jiki ya haifar da "kamawar zafi saboda amfani da ƙasa, tsari da ƙirar Yanayin da aka gina, gami da shimfidar tituna da girman gini, kaddarorin da ke shawo kan zafi na kayan gini na birane, rage iska, rage kayan lambu da ruwa, da fitar da zafi na gida da aka samar kai tsaye daga ayyukan ɗan adam. "
Bayyanawa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Bambancin rana
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Phelan, Patrick E.; Kaloush, Kamil; Miner, Mark; Golden, Jay; Phelan, Bernadette; Silva, Humberto; Taylor, Robert A. (4 November 2015). "Urban Heat Island: Mechanisms, Implications, and Possible Remedies". Annual Review of Environment and Resources. 40 (1): 285–307. doi:10.1146/annurev-environ-102014-021155. S2CID 154497357.
- ↑ Solecki, William D.; Rosenzweig, Cynthia; Parshall, Lily; Pope, Greg; Clark, Maria; Cox, Jennifer; Wiencke, Mary (2005). "Mitigation of the heat island effect in urban New Jersey". Global Environmental Change Part B: Environmental Hazards. 6 (1): 39–49. Bibcode:2005EnvHa...6...39S. doi:10.1016/j.hazards.2004.12.002. S2CID 153841143.
- ↑ Li, Y.; Zhao, X. (2012). "An empirical study of the impact of human activity on long-term temperature change in China: A perspective from energy consumption". Journal of Geophysical Research. 117 (D17): D17117. Bibcode:2012JGRD..11717117L. doi:10.1029/2012JD018132.
- ↑ Wang, K. (February 6, 2017). "Comparing the diurnal and seasonal variabilities of atmospheric, and surface urban heat islands based on the Beijing Urban Meteorological Network". Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 122 (4): 2131–2154. Bibcode:2017JGRD..122.2131W. doi:10.1002/2016JD025304.
- ↑ Glossary of Meteorology (2019). "Urban Heat Island". American Meteorological Society. Retrieved 2019-04-12.
- ↑ Chakraborty, T. and Lee, X. (2019). "A simplified urban-extent algorithm to characterize surface urban heat islands on a global scale and examine vegetation control on their spatiotemporal variability". International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. 74: 269–280. Bibcode:2019IJAEO..74..269C. doi:10.1016/j.jag.2018.09.015. S2CID 53715577.
- ↑ Waldrop, M. Mitchell (19 October 2022). "What can cities do to survive extreme heat?". Knowable Magazine. doi:10.1146/knowable-101922-2. Retrieved 6 December 2022.
- ↑ "Nature of Cities". Regeneration.org. Retrieved 2021-10-16.
- ↑ Younes, Jaafar; Ghali, Kamel; Ghaddar, Nesreen (August 2022). "Diurnal Selective Radiative Cooling Impact in Mitigating Urban Heat Island Effect". Sustainable Cities and Society. 83. Bibcode:2022SusCS..8303932Y. doi:10.1016/j.scs.2022.103932. S2CID 248588547 Check
|s2cid=value (help). - ↑ Khan, Ansar; Carlosena, Laura; Feng, Jie; Khorat, Samiran; Khatun, Rupali; Doan, Quang-Van; Santamouris, Mattheos (19 January 2022). "Optically Modulated Passive Broadband Daytime Radiative Cooling Materials Can Cool Cities in Summer and Heat Cities in Winter". Sustainability. 14 (3): 1110. Bibcode:2022Sust...14.1110K. doi:10.3390/su14031110.
|hdl-access=requires|hdl=(help) - ↑ Sharifi, Ayyoob (2020). "Trade-offs and conflicts between urban climate change mitigation and adaptation measures: A literature review". Journal of Cleaner Production. 276. Bibcode:2020JCPro.27622813S. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122813. S2CID 225638176.