Tumba francesa
 Tumba francesa | |
|---|---|
Nau'in kiɗa da type of dance (en)  | |
 | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
music of Cuba (en) |
| Ƙasa da aka fara | Cuba |
| Intangible cultural heritage status (en) |
Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity (en) da Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity (en) |
| Described at URL (en) | ich.unesco.org…, ich.unesco.org… da ich.unesco.org… |
Tumba francesa wani nau'i ne na Afro-Cuba na rawa, Waƙar, da drumming wanda ya fito a Oriente, Cuba . Bayin ne suka gabatar da shi daga mulkin mallaka na Faransa na Saint-Domingue (wanda daga baya zai zama ƙasar Haiti) wanda masu shi suka sake zama a yankunan Gabas Cuba bayan tawaye na bayi a cikin shekarun 1790. Irin ya bunƙasa a ƙarshen karni na 19 tare da kafa Sociedades de tumba francesa (Al'ummomin Tumba francesa), wanda uku ne kawai suka tsira.
Halaye
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Tumba francesa ta haɗu da al'adun kiɗa na Afirka ta Yamma, Bantu, Faransanci da Mutanen Espanya. Masana ilimin kabilanci na Cuba sun yarda cewa kalmar "Kabari" ta samo asali ne daga kalmomin Bantu da Mandinka don drum.[1] A Cuba, ana amfani da kalmar tumba don nuna drum, ensembles da kuma wasan kwaikwayon kanta a tumba francesa .
Kayan aiki
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kabari francesas suna jagorantar Katha uwargidan bukukuwan da ake kira mayora de plaza. Ayyuka gabaɗaya suna 'hadawa' ne tare da waƙoƙin solo a cikin cakuda Mutanen Espanya da Faransanci da ake kira kreyol cubano ko patuá cubano ta hanyar jagoran murya (composé). [2] Bayan gabatarwa, ana buga catá (wani idiophone na katako da aka buga da sanduna biyu), kuma abun da aka hada yana canzawa kira da amsawa tare da ƙungiyar mata masu murya (tumberas). Bayan da catá ya kafa bugun, ana buga kaburbura uku. Kabari sune drum din hannu guda daya; daga mafi girma zuwa mafi ƙanƙanta ana kiransu firaminista (ko manma), bulá da segón. Firayim Minista yanzu ana kiransa quinto, saboda yana cika irin wannan jagora, rawar da ta dace kamar yadda na biyar ke yi a cikin drum din conga a cikin RRumba na Cuba.[3] A cikin masón mai laushi, drum mai kai biyu da ake kira tamborita (ko kawai tambora) ya kafa rhythm tare da catá. Bugu da kari, wani shaker da ake kira chachá ko maruga ana buga shi ta hanyar tumberas da mayora a duk lokacin wasan kwaikwayon.[4] Tsarin tumba francesa yana da alaƙa da nau'in rumba na gabashin Cuban da ake kira Tahona .
Takalma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Akwai manyan toques guda uku, ko nau'ikan wasan kwaikwayon tumba, kowannensu yana da alaƙa da takamaiman rawa.
- Masons. Wannan shi ne taɓawa ta farko. Yana nuna dukkan rukunin kiɗa kuma yana da alaƙa da rawa mai kama da contradanza.
- Yubá Wannan toque ya bi masón kuma ya haɗa da catá da kaburbura uku. Yana tare da babban rawa na tumba, wanda aka shirya. Akwai nau'o'i biyu na Yubá: macota da cobrero .
- An rufe shi da zinariya. Asalin sashi na ƙarshe na Yubá, yanzu ana ɗaukar wannan a matsayin mutum. Ya haɗa da catá, firaminista da bulá.[4] Ana buga shi a gaban drum, saboda haka sunan.
Wani karin abin da ake kira cinta ana yin sa ne kawai a Santiago na Cuba. An kira shi haka ne saboda wasan kwaikwayon yana faruwa a kusa da kututturen itace tare da layin launi (cintas), waɗanda ja ne, fari da shuɗi.
Yin rawa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Waƙar a cikin tumba francesa tana kama da Haitian affranchi, wanda ya haɗa da jerin madaidaiciya, riƙe-torso, siffofin salon Faransanci da suka biyo bayan ingantaccen Afirka a kan saiti na ƙarshe, amma ana rawa da tumba francesa zuwa drum maimakon igiya da kayan aikin katako. Tufafin masu rawa suna da launuka masu ban sha'awa.[5]
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ana iya gano kaburbura na Faransa zuwa ƙarshen karni na 18 lokacin da Juyin Juya Halin Haiti ya haifar da ƙaurawar masu mulkin mallaka na Faransa daga Saint-Domingue, suna kawo bayinsu zuwa Lardin Oriente na Cuba. A ƙarshen karni na 19, bayan kawar da bautar a 1886, an kafa al'ummomin tumba francesa a wannan yankin, musamman a Santiago na Cuba da Guantanamo. Kafawarsu ta kasance a hanyoyi da yawa kama da tsoffin majalisa Afirka. Masu wasan kwaikwayo sun gano tumba francesa a matsayin Faransanci-Haitian, suna amincewa da shi a matsayin samfurin Haiti wanda yanzu ke zaune a Cuba. A rabi na biyu na karni na 20, ana ci gaba da yin kaburbura a gabashin Cuba, musamman ma toque masón. Sauran toques duk da haka ana buga su ne kawai a cikin al'adun al'adu. Al'ummomin kabarin Faransa guda uku sun tsira a halin yanzu: La Caridad de Oriente (asalin La Fayette) a Santiago de Cuba; Bejuco a Sagua na Tánamo, Holguín; da Santa Catalina de Riccis (asalinLa Pompadour) a Guantánamo . [4]
Rubuce-rubuce
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ba kamar sauran nau'ikan Afro-Cuban ba, tumba francesa ya kasance ba a rubuta shi sosai ba dangane da rikodin. 1976 LP Antología de la música afrocubana VII, wanda Danilo Orozco ya samar kuma Areito ya fitar da shi, ya gabatar da nau'ikan yuba da masón.
Dubi kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Rumba na Cuba
- Waƙoƙin Cuba
- Waƙoƙin Haiti