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Tunanin CLAW

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Tunanin CLAW
hypothesis (en) Fassara da negative feedback (en) Fassara
Bayanai
Fuskar yanayi
Theorized by (en) Fassara Robert Jay Charlson (en) Fassara, James Lovelock (mul) Fassara da Meinrat Andreae

 

Hasashen CLAW yana ba da shawarar madauki mara kyau wanda ke aiki tsakanin yanayin yanayin teku da yanayin duniya. [1] Hasashen yana ba da shawarar musamman cewa phytoplankton na musamman waɗanda ke samar da dimethyl sulfide suna amsawa ga bambance-bambancen tilasta yanayi, kuma waɗannan martanin suna aiki don daidaita yanayin yanayin duniya . Robert Jay Charlson, James Lovelock, Meinrat Andreae da Stephen G. Warren sun gabatar da ra'ayin CLAW, kuma ya ɗauki acronym daga harafin farko na sunayen sunayensu. [2]

Tunanin CLAW

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Schematic diagram of the CLAW hypothesis (Charlson et al., 1987)[1]
Schematic diagram of the anti-CLAW hypothesis (Lovelock, 2006)[3]

Maganar ta bayyana madauki wanda ke farawa tare da karuwa a cikin makamashi da ke akwai daga rana yana aiki don kara yawan ci gaban phytoplankton ta hanyar ko dai tasirin ilimin lissafi (saboda yawan zafin jiki) ko ingantaccen photosynthesis (saboda karuwar irradiance). Wasu phytoplankton, irin su coccolithophorids, suna hada dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), kuma ingantaccen ci gaban su yana kara samar da wannan Osmolyte. Hakanan, wannan yana haifar da karuwa a cikin maida hankali ga samfurin lalacewa, dimethyl sulfide (DMS), na farko a cikin ruwan teku, sannan a cikin yanayi. DMS yana da oxidized a cikin yanayi don samar da sulfur dioxide, kuma wannan yana haifar da samar da Sulfate aerosols. Wadannan aerosols suna aiki ne a matsayin ƙwayoyin girgije kuma suna ƙara yawan ruwan girgije, wanda hakan ke ɗaga ruwan ruwa na girgije da yankin girgije. Wannan yana aiki don ƙara albedo na girgije, wanda ke haifar da ƙarin Hasken rana, da raguwar tilastawa wanda ya fara wannan jerin abubuwan da suka faru. Adadin da ke dama yana nuna zane-zane mai taƙaitawa. Lura cewa madauki na iya aiki a cikin madaidaiciya, irin wannan raguwar hasken rana yana haifar da rage girgije kuma ta haka ne ga karuwar adadin hasken rana da ke kaiwa saman duniya.

Wani muhimmin fasalin sarkar hulɗar da aka bayyana a sama shi ne cewa yana haifar da madauki mara kyau, inda canji ga tsarin yanayi (ƙaruwa / raguwar shigarwar hasken rana) a ƙarshe ana magance shi kuma ana rage shi ta hanyar madauki. Saboda haka, ra'ayin CLAW ya ba da misali na homeostasis na duniya ko tsarin daidaitawa mai rikitarwa, wanda ya dace da Ra'ayin Gaia wanda ɗayan marubutan asali na ra'ayin FLAW, James Lovelock ya tsara.

Wasu binciken da suka biyo baya game da ra'ayin CLAW sun gano shaidu don tallafawa tsarinsa, [2] [4] kodayake wannan ba daidai ba ne.[5] Sauran masu bincike sun ba da shawarar cewa tsarin CLAW-like na iya aiki a cikin sake zagayowar sulfur na Duniya ba tare da buƙatar wani bangare na halitta mai aiki ba.[6] Wani labarin bita na 2014 ya soki ra'ayin saboda kasancewa mai sauƙin sauyawa kuma cewa tasirin na iya zama mafi rauni fiye da yadda aka tsara.[7]

Ra'ayi na Anti-CLAW

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A cikin littafinsa na 2006 The Revenge of Gaia, Lovelock ya ba da shawarar cewa maimakon samar da ra'ayoyi mara kyau a cikin tsarin yanayi, abubuwan da ke cikin ra'ayin CLAW na iya yin aiki don ƙirƙirar kyakkyawan ra'ayi.

A karkashin dumamar duniya ta gaba, karuwar zafin jiki na iya rarraba teku ta duniya, rage wadatar abubuwan gina jiki daga zurfin teku zuwa Yankin euphotic mai amfani. Sakamakon haka, aikin phytoplankton zai ragu tare da faduwa a cikin samar da DMS. A cikin juyawa na ra'ayin CLAW, wannan raguwa a cikin samar da DMS zai haifar da raguwa a ƙwayoyin girgije da faduwar albedo na girgije. Sakamakon wannan zai zama ci gaba da dumamar yanayi wanda zai iya haifar da ƙaramin samar da DMS (da kuma ci gaba da yanayin dumama). Adadin da ke dama yana nuna zane-zane mai taƙaitawa.

Shaida ga ra'ayin anti-CLAW an ƙuntata shi ta hanyar irin wannan rashin tabbas kamar waɗanda ke cikin juyin juya halin sulfur na ra'ayin CLAW. Koyaya, masu bincike da ke kwaikwayon samar da farko na teku na gaba sun sami shaidar raguwar samarwa tare da karuwar rarraba teku, [8] [9] suna barin yiwuwar cewa irin wannan tsarin na iya kasancewa.

Manazarta

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Charlson, R. J., Lovelock, J. E., Andreae, M. O. and Warren, S. G. (1987). "Oceanic phytoplankton, atmospheric sulphur, cloud albedo and climate". Nature. 326 (6114): 655–661. Bibcode:1987Natur.326..655C. doi:10.1038/326655a0. S2CID 4321239.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Andreae, M. O., Elbert, W. and Demora, S. J. (1995). "Biogenic sulfur emissions and aerosols over the tropical South Atlantic, 3. Atmospheric dimethylsulfide, aerosols and cloud condensation nuclei". J. Geophys. Res. 100 (D6): 11335–56. Bibcode:1995JGR...10011335A. doi:10.1029/94JD02828. Archived from the original on 2007-09-30. Retrieved 2007-08-30.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "andreae95" defined multiple times with different content
  3. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named lovelock06
  4. ↑ Cropp, R.A., Gabric, A.J., McTainsh, G.H., Braddock, R.D. and Tindale, N. (2005). "Coupling between ocean biota and atmospheric aerosols: Dust, dimethylsulphide, or artifact?". Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 19 (4): GB4002. Bibcode:2005GBioC..19.4002C. doi:10.1029/2004GB002436. S2CID 13631729. Archived from the original on 2007-08-31. Retrieved 2007-08-30. |hdl-access= requires |hdl= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. ↑ Vallina, S. M., Simo, R., Gasso, S., De Boyer-Montegut, C., del Rio, E., Jurado, E. and Dachs, J. (2007). "Analysis of a potential "solar radiation dose-dimethylsulfide-cloud condensation nuclei" link from globally mapped seasonal correlations". Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 21 (2): GB2004. Bibcode:2007GBioC..21.2004V. doi:10.1029/2006GB002787. S2CID 128377799. Archived from the original on 2007-09-30. Retrieved 2007-08-30. |hdl-access= requires |hdl= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. ↑ Shaw, G.E.; Benner, R.L.; Cantrell, W.; Clarke, A.D. (1998). "The regulation of climate: A sulfate particle feedback loop involving deep convection — An editorial essay". Climate Change. 39: 23–33. doi:10.1023/A:1005341506115. S2CID 150898991.
  7. ↑ Green, Tamara; Hatton, Angela (1 September 2014). "The CLAW hypothesis: a new perspective on the role of biogenic sulphur in the regulation of global climate". Oceanography and Marine Biology. 52: 315–336. doi:10.1201/b17143-7. ISBN 9780429161391.
  8. ↑ Cox, P. M., Betts, R. A., Jones, C. D., Spall, S. A. and Totterdell, I. J. (2000). "Acceleration of global warming due to carbon-cycle feedbacks in a coupled climate model". Nature. 408 (6809): 184–7. Bibcode:2000Natur.408..184C. doi:10.1038/35041539. PMID 11089968. S2CID 2689847.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  9. ↑ Steinacher, M.; Joos, F.; Fr ¨ olicher, T. L.; Bopp, L.; Cadule, P.; Cocco, V.; Doney, S. C.; Gehlen, M.; Lindsay, K.; Moore, J. K.; Schneider, B. & Segschneider, J. (2010). "Projected 21st century decrease in marine productivity: a multi-model analysis". Biogeosciences. 7 (3): 979–1005. Bibcode:2010BGeo....7..979S. doi:10.5194/bg-7-979-2010. |hdl-access= requires |hdl= (help)
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