Tunanin bindigar Clathrate

Tunanin bindigar Clathrate
hypothesis (en)
Bayanai
Suna saboda	Methane clathrate
Has cause (en)	canjin yanayi da Tasirin Greenhouse

Ana fitar da clathrate na Methane a matsayin gas a cikin ginshiƙan ruwa da ke kewaye da su ko ƙasa lokacin da zafin jiki ya karu.

Maganar bindigar clathrate shine bayanin da aka gabatar don lokutan saurin dumama a lokacin Quaternary. Maganar ita ce canje-canje a cikin kwarara a cikin ruwa na tsakiya a cikin teku ya haifar da canjin zafin jiki wanda ya tara kuma a wasu lokuta ya saki methane clathrate a kan gangaren nahiyar. Wannan zai yi tasiri nan take a kan zafin jiki na duniya, saboda methane ya fi karfi fiye da carbon dioxide. Duk da rayuwarsa ta yanayi na kusan shekaru 12, yiwuwar dumama duniya ta methane ta ninka sau 72 fiye da na carbon dioxide sama da shekaru 20, kuma sau 25 sama da shekaru 100 (33 lokacin da ake lissafin hulɗar aerosol). An ci gaba da bayar da shawarar cewa waɗannan abubuwan da suka faru na dumama sun haifar da zagaye na Bond da abubuwan da suka shafi juna, irin su Dansgaard-Oeschger Interstadial.

An goyi bayan ra'ayin ne don dumama Bølling-Allerød da lokacin Preboreal, amma ba don Dansgaard-Oeschger interstadials ba, kodayake har yanzu akwai muhawara game da batun. Duk da yake yana iya zama da mahimmanci a kan sikelin dubban shekaru, ba a sake la'akari da shi da dacewa ga Canjin yanayi na gaba ba: Rahoton Bincike na shida na IPCC ya ce "Ba zai yiwu ba cewa gas clathrates (yawanci methane) a cikin zurfin permafrost na ƙasa da clathrates na karkashin teku zai haifar da fitowar da za a iya ganowa daga hanyar fitarwa a wannan karni".

Hanyar aiki

Takamaiman tsari na gas hydrate yanki, daga yankin subduction daga Oregon

Methane clathrate, wanda aka fi sani da methane hydrate, wani nau'i ne na kankara na ruwa wanda ke dauke da adadi mai yawa na methane a cikin tsarin kirista. An sami manyan ajiyar methane clathrate a ƙarƙashin datti a kan teku na Duniya, kodayake ƙididdigar jimlar albarkatun da masana daban-daban suka bayar sun bambanta da umarni da yawa na girman, suna barin shakku game da girman ajiyar metane clathrate (musamman a cikin yiwuwar cire su a matsayin albarkatun mai). Lalle ne, ƙwayoyin da suka fi 10 centimeters 'ya fi zurfin juna an samo su ne kawai a shafuka uku tun daga shekara ta 2000, kuma wasu ƙididdigar girman ajiyar albarkatu don takamaiman ajiya / wurare sun dogara ne da farko akan seismology. Fitar da iskar gas mai yawa daga ajiyar methane clathrate a cikin canjin yanayi na iya zama dalilin canje-canje na baya, na gaba, da na yanzu. 

A cikin Tekun Arctic, clathrates na iya kasancewa a cikin ruwa mai zurfi wanda aka daidaita ta hanyar yanayin zafi maimakon matsin lamba mafi girma; waɗannan na iya zama masu ɗorewa kusa da saman teku, wanda aka daidaita shi da 'lid' mai daskarewa na permafrost wanda ke hana tserewa daga methane. Abin da ake kira abin da ke faruwa na kare kai ya yi nazari ne daga masana kimiyyar ƙasa na Rasha tun daga ƙarshen shekarun 1980. Wannan yanayin metastable clathrate na iya zama tushen abubuwan da suka faru na tafiye-tafiye na methane, kamar a lokacin lokacin lokacin Last Glacial Maximum. Wani binciken daga shekara ta 2010 ya kammala tare da yiwuwar haifar da yanayin zafi na kwatsam wanda ya dogara da metastable methane clathrates a yankin East Siberian Arctic Shelf (ESAS).

Abubuwan da za a iya fitarwa a baya

Gas-hydrate ajiya ta bangare

Nazarin da aka buga a shekara ta 2000 ya yi la'akari da wannan tasirin da ke da alhakin abubuwan da suka faru a ciki da kuma ƙarshen Last Glacial Maximum. Kodayake lokutan karuwar methane na yanayi sun dace da lokutan gazawar gangaren nahiyar, daga baya aikin ya gano cewa bambancin deuterium / hydrogen (D / H) isotope ratio ya nuna cewa hayakin methane na ruwa shine babban mai ba da gudummawa ga yawan methane na sararin samaniya. Duk da yake akwai manyan abubuwan da suka faru a lokacin deglaciation na ƙarshe, tare da Bølling-Allerød dumi wanda ya haifar da bacewar duk ajiyar methane hydrate a cikin Tekun Barents a cikin shekaru 5000, waɗancan abubuwan sun kasa hana farawar babban lokacin sanyaya na Younger Dryas, yana ba da shawarar cewa mafi yawan methane ya kasance a cikin ruwan teku bayan an 'yantar da shi daga ajiyar teku, tare da ƙarancin shiga cikin yanayi.

A shekara ta 2008, an ba da shawarar cewa methane clathrate na equatorial permafrost na iya taka rawa a cikin dumi na kwatsam na "Snowball Earth", shekaru miliyan 630 da suka gabata.

Sauran abubuwan da za su iya danganta da tafiye-tafiye na methane hydrate sune taron Permian-Triassic da Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum.

Bayanan canjin yanayi

Abubuwan da aka adana a zamani

Yawancin ajiyar methane clathrate suna cikin turɓaya mai zurfi don amsawa da sauri, kuma samfurin 2007 na Archer ya nuna cewa tilasta methane da aka samo daga gare su ya kamata ya kasance ƙaramin bangare na tasirin greenhouse gaba ɗaya. Abubuwan ajiyar Clathrate suna lalacewa daga zurfin ɓangaren Yankin kwanciyar hankali, wanda yawanci daruruwan mita ne a ƙarƙashin teku. Ci gaba da karuwa a cikin zafin jiki na teku zai dumi hanyarsa ta hanyar turɓaya a ƙarshe, kuma ya haifar da mafi ƙanƙanta, mafi ƙarancin clathrate don fara lalacewa; amma yawanci zai ɗauki tsari na shekaru dubu ko fiye don canjin zafin jiki don isa wannan nesa cikin zurfin teku. Bugu da ƙari, bincike na gaba game da ajiyar tsakiya latitude a cikin Tekun Atlantic da Tekun Pacific ya gano cewa duk wani methane da aka saki daga cikin teku, ba tare da la'akari da tushen ba, ya kasa isa yanayin da zurfin ya wuce 430 metres (1,411 ft) , yayin da halaye na yanayin ƙasa na yankin ya sa ba zai yiwu ba ga hydrates su wanzu a zurfin da 550 metres (1,804 ft) .