Tushratta

Ɗaya daga cikin haruffa na Amarna. Wasika daga Tushratta sarkin Mitanni zuwa ga Fir'auna Amenhotep III na Masar, c. 1370 KZ. Rubutun cuneiform na Akkadian. Daga Tell el-Amarna, Misira. Gidan kayan gargajiya na Vorderasiatisches, Berlin

Tushratta
Rayuwa
Haihuwa	15 century "BCE"
ƙasa	Mitanni (en)
Mutuwa	1340 "BCE"
Ƴan uwa
Mahaifi	Shuttarna II
Abokiyar zama	Juni (en)
Yara	view Daduhepa (en) Shattiwaza (en) Tadukhipa (en)
Ahali	Gilukhipa (en)
Sana'a
Sana'a	sarki

Tushratta (Akkadian: Tušratta da Tuišeratta ) sarki ne na Mitanni, c. 1358-1335 KZ, a ƙarshen mulkin Amenhotep III kuma a cikin rabin farko na mulkin Akhenaton . Shi ɗan Shuttarna II ne. Tushratta ya bayyana cewa shi jikan Artatama I. 'Yar'uwarsa Gilukhipa (Gilu-Xepa a cikin Hurrian) da 'yarsa Tadukhipa (Tadu-XePA a cikin Hurriyan) sun auri Fir'auna na Masar Amenhotep III; Tadukhipa daga baya ya auri Akhenaten, wanda ya karɓi gidan sarauta na mahaifinsa.

An sanya shi a kan kursiyin bayan kisan ɗan'uwansa Artashumara . Wataƙila yana da ƙuruciya a lokacin kuma an ƙaddara shi ya zama jagora kawai, amma ya sami nasarar kawar da mai kisan. An gano allon a cikin wani ginin Mitanni a Tell Brak wanda ya bayyana cewa an shaida shi "a gaban Tushratta, sarki" kuma yana da hatimi na sarki Shaushtatar na baya, wanda ya zama al'ada.

Sunan

An rubuta shi a cikin rubutun daban-daban guda uku - Tušratta, Tušeratta, Tuišeratta - sunan Tushratta fassarar Akkadian ne na sunan Indo-Aryan [Tvaiṣaratha] ma'ana "[daya tare da, yana da] karusar caji".

Rikici na farko da Hittiyawa

A farkon mulkinsa, Sarkin Hittite Suppiluliuma I sake cinye Kizzuwatna, sannan ya mamaye yammacin kwarin Yufiretis kuma ya ci Amurru da Nuhašše a Hanigalbat. Dangane da yarjejeniyar Suppiluliuma-Shattiwaza, Suppilulioma ya yi yarjejeniya da Artatama, abokin hamayyar Tushratta. Babu wani abu da aka sani game da rayuwar Artatama ta baya ko alaƙa, idan akwai, ga dangin sarauta. Takardar ta kira shi sarkin Hurrians, yayin da aka ba Tushratta taken "Sarkin Mitanni", wanda dole ne ya saba da Tushratt. Suppiluliuma ya fara kwace ƙasashen yammacin kogin Yufiretis kuma ya mamaye Dutsen Lebanon. Tushratta ya yi barazanar kai hari bayan Yufiretis idan an sace ɗan rago ɗaya ko yaro.

Suppiluliuma ya ba da labarin yadda ƙasar Isuwa a saman Yufiretis ta rabu a lokacin kakansa. Kokarin cin nasara ya gaza. A lokacin mahaifinsa, wasu birane sun yi tawaye. Suppiluliuma ya yi iƙirarin cewa ya ci su, amma waɗanda suka tsira sun gudu zuwa yankin Isuwa wanda dole ne ya kasance wani ɓangare na mulkin Tushratta. Wani sashi don dawo da 'yan gudun hijira wani bangare ne na yarjejeniyoyi da yawa da aka yi a lokacin, don haka yiwuwar Isuwa ta samar da' yan gudun hijira ya zama hujja ga mamayar Hittite. Sojojin Hitti sun haye iyaka, sun shiga Isuwa kuma sun mayar da 'yan gudun hijira (ko masu ficewa ko masu gudun hijira na gwamnati) ga mulkin Hitti. "Na 'yantar da ƙasashen da na kama; sun zauna a wuraren su. Duk mutanen da na saki sun koma mutanensu kuma Hatti sun kafa yankunansu," Suppiluliuma daga baya ya yi alfahari.

Sojojin Hittite sun yi tafiya ta gundumomi daban-daban zuwa babban birnin Mitanni na Washshukanni. Suppiluliuma ya yi iƙirarin cewa ya kwace gundumar kuma ya kawo ganima, fursunoni, shanu, tumaki da dawakai zuwa Hatti. Ya kuma yi iƙirarin cewa Tushratta ya gudu, amma a bayyane yake ya kasa kama babban birnin. Yayinda yakin ya raunana mulkin Tushratta, har yanzu yana riƙe da kursiyinsa.