User talk:Salisuwebmaster

Tarihin Virus:

Bayyanar virus na computer ya yawaita kusan shekarar 1980, wanda a kafin wannan shekara ba kowa ne ya san wani abu mai suna virus. Su kuwa dalilai da suka ake ganin shine dalilin da yasa wasu suka kirkiri wannan virus dalilai ne guda uku.

Kusan yadda Virus yake tunkaro na'ura file ko kuma wani bangare a cikin computer kenan 1. Dalili na farko shine a baya ba ko wane mahaluki bane ya san akwai wata abu computer ba, wasu sukan ji labarin ta a gidajen yada labarai, sai a cikin shekarar 1980 a lokacin da aka samu yawaitar irin wadannan na'urori da muke ganin su a ko ina a fadin duniyannan, irin wadanda muke ganinsu a gidajenmu da ofisoshinmu da asibitocinmu da dai makamantansu. Su wandannan irin na'urori sune wanda ake kiransu da Personal Computer ko PC a takaice. Su kuwa wadancan na'urori na asali wanda ba ka iya ganisu a gidaje da wurare da muka ambata (saboda girmansu), ba su ma da yawa da har wani zai iya cewa ya gansu, ba kowane wuri ake samunsu ba illa manya-manyan ma'aikatun gwannati, gwannatin ma ba kowacce ba illa irin na su Amurka da su Ingila. A cikin wannan shekara ta 1980 ita shekarar da duniya ba zata manta ba musamman Duniyar Computer, domin a wannan shekarar ne kamfanoni irin su IBM (International Business Machine) da kamfani irin sun Apple Macintosh, suka fara kirkiran ita wannan naura taka (PC) wacce ake ganinta a yanzu. To, a wannan shekara sai aka samu na'ura ta yawaita a duniya, ganin na'ura ta yawaita sai wasu mutane suka fara kirkiran wadansu program domin su bata ita na'urar. 2. Dalili na biyu shine; lokacin da ka a fara amfani da hanyar amfani da na'ura wajen kiran waya, mutane suna amfani da Bulleted Board tare da modem domin sauko da kanan programs daga Internet. A wannan lokacin saboda samun wannan sabuwar fasaha (domin a baya ba a iya yin haka) sai mutane suka rinka yin amfani da wanna dama suna dauko Games daga internet suna sasu a cikin na'uririnsu. Duk a wannan lokaci ne aka samu bayyanar wadansu programs kamar Word Processing Program da Spreadsheet da makamantan irin wadannan shaharrrun programs. Bulleted Board, ana amfani da shi a goya masa wani tsarin program wanda ake kira da (Trojon Horse). Trojan Horse program ne da yake da suna mai dadi, kuma yana kunshe da bayanai, idan aka sauko da wani abu daga Bulleted Board wanda dama daga Internet yake wannan kafa idan aka yi rashin sa'a a kwai Trojan Horse a kunshe da shi sai kawai ya shiga naurarka ya fara ta'adi ko kuma ya fara abinda bai kamataba. Irin abubuwan da zai yi shine ya share dukkan abinda ke cikin kwakwalwar na'urarka mai amfani. 3. Dalili na uku da ake ganin ya taimaka wajen kirkiro Virus shine bayyanar Floppy Disk. A wancan lokacin a shekarar 1980 program kanana ne, wanda a wancan lokacin OS da wasu program zasu iya shiga cikin Floppy Disk daya ko biyu (girman Floppy Disk shine 3.5Mb), to, kaga duk abinda aka ce program ne kuma ya shiga cikin Floppy ashe kankantarshi ta kai a duba. A baya na'urori basu da manyan kwakwale (Hard Disk) wanda idan zaka tasheta wata ma zaka sa mata shi Floppy Disk sannan ta tashi kuma dukkanin program da zaka yi amfani dasu suna cikin shine. To, tunda OS zai iya zauna a cikin Floppy Disk, shine suka kirkiri Virus don ya lalata OSdin ko kuma program da aka ajiye a cikin sa. A wancan lokaci su kansu Virus ba wai kamar yanzu bane, suma basu wuce wasu layika guda biyu ko fiye da haka wanda ake rubuta su, a daurasu a jikin wasu shararrun program kamar Word Processing da wasu shahararren games. (da zarar sun fahimci cewar wannan program mutane sun damu da suyi amfani dashi, sai kawai su dauro Virus da zai bata shi). To, idan mutum ya shiga yanar giza (internet) ya shiga sashen Bulleted Board ya ga wani sabon program ko games, ya ga irin aikin da yake yi, idan ya gamsu da aikin shi, idan ya sauko da shi cikin naurarshi domin yayi aiki da ita tunda shi kanshi gamedin karamine, sannan Code da aka goya mishi karamine sai kawai kaga na'urarka tana wasu 'yan rashin hankula da baka gane mishi ba. Wani sa'i ma shi program din ba shi ake daurawa Virus din ba, a shafukan yanar gizon ake daurawa da zarar kayi amfani da Floppy ka dauko wani program sai ya biyo cikin Floppy din sannan ya fara ta’adi a naurar ka, ta hanyar duba dukkanin abinda yake cikin naur'ar, idan ya ga program da zai iya lalatawa sai ya fara aiki. Wani lokacin ma, ba wai zai lalata wasu files naka bane, zai ta maimaita kanshi ne, har sai ya tsayar da ita na'urar, ko kuma ya dauki wani file guda ya ta budeshi da yawa a ko wane lokaci (makar Raila Odinga), ba tare da ka lura ba sai virus ya cika na'urarka. Daga cikin abin tsoro da shi Virus, shine idan wani yazo da Floppy Disk, ya kawo maka aiki ne, ko kuma ya zo zai dauki aiki a cikin na'urar kane, idan har akwai wannan Virus to sai ya fada cikin wannan Floppy Disk ba tare da mai shi ya sani ba. Idan yaje ya sa acikin na'urar shi shima sai naurar shi itama ta kamu da irin wannan cutar. Da wannan ne Virus ya yadu a duniya cikin kankanin lokaci. Mutane suna fahimtar hanyar da zasu tsare ko kuma magance na'urar su, su kuma gwanayen wajen kirkiran virus suna kara fito da wata sabuwar hanyar yada shi da salon yadda zai rika lalata kayan na'ura. Daga cikin nasarori da suka samu wajen cutarwar shine, damar da suka samu ta su shigar da Virus cikin Memory na na'ura yadda ba sai ka tashi program da ta kamu da Virus ba, sannan shi virus ya fara ta'adi ba, ko kuma yada kanshi ba. Idan dai har wannan Virus ya sami damar kutsawa cikin Memory na Computer to an gama, zai ci gaba da yada kanshi matukar wannan na'urar tana kunna ne. hakan ya kara ba Virus karfi da ikon yaduwa, hakan ya jawo mutane sun kara samun damuwa da irin ta'addannci da Virus yake yi. Shi kuwa Virus manufarshi, shine ya lalata ko ya jikkata wani program (domin wani virus ana aiko shi musamman domin ya lalata wani program) da na'ura take amfani wajen yin wani muhimmin aiki. A misali akwai wurin da kae kiranshi da Boot Sector (inda naura take ajiye dukkan kayan da take bukata wajen tashi ko kashe kanta). To, wasu virus nan kawai suke nufa, kuma aiken da akayi musu kenan da zarar suka samu shiga cikin Boot Sector sai suyi fata-fata da wadannan kayan, idan suka gama, kai kuma ka gama aiki a wannan lokaci ka kashe ta, to, idan ka dawo daga baya domin ta tashe ta, sai ta ce dauke ni inda ka ajiye ni, ma'ana ba zata sake tashi ba balle ka ci gaba da aikin ka. Daya daga cikin mahimmmancin wannan Boot Sector shine yana daga cikin program da suke gayawa sauran program da suke cikin na'urarka ga yadda zasu yi aiki da sadda ake bukatar aikin su. Wani abin karin haushi, duk lokacin da mutum ya dauki Floppy Disk ko Flash Disk ya sa a cikin naurar da take da irin wannan Virus, sannan ya daukeshi ya sa shi a cikin na'urar ka da kake bukatar aiki da shi. Shi yasa zaka ga amfi samun Virus a Jami'o'i da shagunan aiki na naura domin wurin anfani da shi Floppy Disk ko Flash wajen dauka da kai ayyuka daban-daban. To, karshen alewa kasa inji hausawa, da Virus da yake shiga Boot Sector ko wanda yake zuwa a like da program, maganar ta kau, domin a wancan shekarar ta 1980 ana daukan program a cikin Floppy kawai kamar yadda muka fada a baya, wanda muka ce hatta OS yana shiga cikin Floppy daya ko biyu. Amma a wannan lokaci, ka kwantar da hankalinka, domin a yau dukkanin program da ake amfani dasu sun fi karfin su shiga cikin Floppy Disk sabo da girma. Maganar Virus dake shiga Boot Sector itama ta kau, domin a wannan lokacin dukkanin kamfanoni da suke yin OS suna hado tare da wani program na musamman wanda shi ke da alhakin lura da Boot Sector. Maganar daukan Virus ta hanyar Floppy Disk itama ta kau damin a wannan lokaci da wuya kaga wani yana amfani da shi, kuma gashi dukkanin program da mutum zai siya zaka tarar dashi a cikin CD ko DVD yake wanda su kuma a tsarinsu babu wani abu da zai iya shiga cikin su. Sai dai idan su kamfanin da suka yi program sun hada da virus (ko kuma irin program na sata masu zuwa tare da crack). Amma da matukar wahala virus ya shigo maka na'ura a sanadiyar sa program da yazo a cikin CD ko DVD. Ko da yake a yanzu akwai makwafin Floppy Disk wanda shima yana saurin yada Virus shine Flash Drive, domin yana aiki ne kamar yadda Floppy kuma shi yafi Floppy matsala wajen domin shi yakan iya daukan ko wani irin virus sannan zai iya daukan virus masu yawa daban-daban.