Ushra da Jangali
| class="wikitable" | |
|---|---|
| Bayani | Cikakken Bayani |
| Nau'in | Harajin Noma da Kiwo |
| Yanki | Arewacin Najeriya, Yankunan Hausawa |
| An fara amfani | Kafin karni na 19 |
| An daina amfani sosai | Bayan zuwan Turawa |
| Dalili | Tara haraji daga manoma da makiyaya |
| Haraji masu kama da shi | Zakka, Harajin gargajiya |
Ushra da Jangali haraji ne da aka saba karɓa a zamanin da a yankunan Hausawa, musamman a lokacin daular Musulunci da kuma zamanin mulkin sarauta. Sun shafi noma da kuma kiwo, inda ushra ke shafar manoma, yayin da jangali ke shafar makiyaya.[1]
Ushra
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ushra haraji ne da ake karɓa daga amfanin gona, musamman a tsarin Musulunci. Ana cire kaso ɗaya cikin goma (1/10) na amfanin noma daga manoma, sannan a bayar da shi a matsayin haraji ko sadaka. Wannan tsari yana da dangantaka da zakka da ake bayarwa a Musulunci. A wasu lokuta, ushra na iya kasancewa ƙarin haraji da masu mulki ke karɓa daga manoma. Wannan yana taimakawa wajen kula da masarautu, addini, da kuma jin daɗin al'umma.
Jangali
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Jangali kuwa haraji ne da ake karɓa daga makiyaya bisa adadin dabbobinsu, musamman shanu. Ana amfani da kudin jangali wajen kula da rayuwar makiyaya,:
- kamar Gina rijiyoyi don makiyaya
- Kare hakkokin makiyaya
- Samar da tsaro a filayen kiwo
Harajin jangali yana taimakawa wajen tabbatar da cewa makiyaya na da gudunmawa a cikin tattalin arziki da shugabanci.[2]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ name=:www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/221307&ved=2ahUKEwiV3tvXh7eMAxUtVkEAHbNNOagQFnoECCEQAQ&usg=AOvVaw3dJbIBFo5ZTjUvFjtDmDZK
- ↑ name=www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://ehrafworldcultures.yale.edu/cultures/ms12/summary&ved=2ahUKEwj2xJi_hreMAxX-G9AFHcxoKkEQFnoECCMQAQ&usg=AOvVaw3mr2ChPI6FsiztvIGQ9o_X[permanent dead link]