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Uta Frith

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Uta Frith
Murya
Rayuwa
Cikakken suna Uta Aurnhammer
Haihuwa Rockenhausen (en) Fassara, 25 Mayu 1941 (85 shekaru)
ƙasa Jamus
Ƴan uwa
Abokiyar zama Chris D. Frith (en) Fassara
Karatu
Makaranta King's College London (en) Fassara
Saarland University (en) Fassara
(1961 - 1965) licentiate (en) Fassara
Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (en) Fassara
(1965 - 1966) master (France) (mul) Fassara
Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (en) Fassara
(Nuwamba, 1966 - 16 Disamba 1968) doctorate (en) Fassara
Thesis director Neil O'Connor (en) Fassara
Beate Hermelin (en) Fassara
Dalibin daktanci Simon Baron-Cohen (mul) Fassara
Tony Attwood (en) Fassara
Margaret J. Snowling (en) Fassara
Francesca Happé (en) Fassara
Ami Klin (en) Fassara
Harsuna Turanci
Sana'a
Sana'a psychologist (en) Fassara, university teacher (en) Fassara da neuroscientist (en) Fassara
Employers Jami'ar Kwaleji ta Landon  (1968 -  2006)
Medical Research Council (en) Fassara  (ga Yuli, 1968 -  1 Satumba 2006)
Kyaututtuka
Mamba German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina (en) Fassara
British Academy (en) Fassara
Academia Europaea (mul) Fassara
The Royal Society (mul) Fassara
National Academy of Sciences (en) Fassara
IMDb nm4470685
sites.google.com…

Dame Uta Frith (née Aurnhammer; an haife ta a ranar 25 ga Mayu 1941 [1]) masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam ne na Jamusanci da Burtaniya kuma farfesa ne mai daraja a ci gaban fahimta a Cibiyar Nazarin Neuroscience a Kwalejin Jami'ar London (UCL). Ta jagoranci yawancin bincike na yanzu game da autism da dyslexia. Littafinta Autism: Explaining the Enigma ya gabatar da ilimin kimiyyar kwakwalwa na autism.[2][3] An yaba mata da ƙirƙirar Gwajin Sally-Anne tare da 'yan uwanta masana kimiyya Alan Leslie da Simon Baron-Cohen . [4][5] Daga cikin daliban da ta jagoranci sune Tony Attwood, Maggie Snowling, Simon Baron-Cohen da Francesca Happé .

Ilimi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

An haifi Uta Aurnhammer a Rockenhausen, wani karamin gari a cikin tsaunuka tsakanin Luxembourg da Mannheim a Jamus. Ta halarci Jami'ar Saarland da ke Saarbrücken tare da shirin farko na iliminta na kasancewa a tarihin fasaha, amma ta canza zuwa ilimin halayyar gwaji bayan ta koyi game da yanayin ta.[6] An yi wahayi zuwa gare ta ta ta hanyar aikin masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam, Hans Eysenck (wanda ya fallasa psychoanalysis) kuma ya yanke shawarar horar da ilimin halayya na asibiti a Cibiyar Kula da Lafiya a London. [7] Yayinda take a makarantar, Jack Rachman ne ya koya mata, daya daga cikin masu gabatarwa na maganin halayyar.[7] Ta ci gaba da kammala Dokta na Falsafa, a kan gano tsari a cikin yara masu cutar autistic, a cikin 1968. [7] [8][9]

Neil O'Connor da Beate Hermelin ne suka jagoranci Frith, a lokacin da ta fara aiki, kuma ta bayyana su a matsayin majagaba a fagen autism.[10]

Bincike

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Binciken Frith ya shirya hanya don ganewar ka'idar raunin hankali a cikin autism.[11] A shekara ta 1985, yayin da take memba na Cibiyar Nazarin Kiwon Lafiya (MRC-CDU) a Landan, ta buga tare da Alan M. Leslie da Simon Baron-Cohen labarin "Shin yaron mai cutar autism yana da 'ka'idar tunani'?", wanda ya ba da shawarar cewa mutanen da ke fama da cutar autism suna da takamaiman matsaloli wajen fahimtar imani wasu mutane da sha'awa.[12] Wannan takarda ta yi amfani da aikin imani na ƙarya wanda Joseph Perner ya kirkira a 1983. Frith, da abokan aikinta, sun kirkiro ra'ayoyi biyu na autism.[13] Na farko shine "rashin tunani", rashin ikon bin diddigin yanayin tunanin wasu tare da tushe a cikin kwakwalwa. [14][15] Na biyu shine "raunin tsakiya na tsakiya" wanda ta ba da shawarar cewa mutanen da ke fama da autism sun fi mutanen da ke da ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin bayanai, amma mafi muni a haɗa bayanai daga tushe daban-daban.[16] Frith na ɗaya daga cikin masana kimiyyar kwakwalwa na farko da suka gane autism "a matsayin yanayin kwakwalwa maimakon sakamakon iyaye masu sanyi".

Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin mutane na farko a Burtaniya don nazarin cutar Asperger, a MRC-CDU London . Ayyukanta sun kuma mayar da hankali kan ci gaban karatu, rubutun kalmomi da dyslexia.[7] Frith ya kai farmaki ga ka'idar cewa dyslexia tana da alaƙa da rashin hankali ko kuma ta haifar da raunin motsi. [17][18] A cikin littafinta game da rubutun kalmomi, ta nuna cewa wasu mutane na iya zama cikakkun masu karatu, amma masu rubutun kalmomi marasa kyau, ƙungiyar dyslexics da ba a san su ba. [7] Binciken da ta yi, tare da na Maggie Snowling, ya nuna cewa mutanen da ke fama da dyslexia suna fama da sarrafa sauti.[19][17] A cikin 1995 Frith, Paulesu, Snowling da abokan aiki sun gudanar da ɗaya daga cikin binciken hotunan kwakwalwa na farko tare da manya masu dyslexic suna nuna cewa, yayin kammala ayyukan da ke buƙatar sarrafa sauti, mutanen da ke fama da dyslexia suna nuna rashin haɗin aiki a cikin hanyar sadarwar harshe na kwakwalwa.[20]

An goyi bayan Frith a duk lokacin da ta yi aiki ta hanyar Cibiyar Binciken Kiwon Lafiya a Kwalejin Jami'ar London.[21] Ta kasance mai haɗin gwiwa a Cibiyar Interacting Minds a Jami'ar Aarhus da ke Denmark .[22] Manufar cibiyar ita ce samar da dandamali na horo, wanda za'a iya nazarin fannoni da yawa na hulɗar ɗan adam. Aikin ya dogara ne a wani bangare a kan takarda da aka rubuta tare da Chris Frith: "Interacting Minds - a Biological Basis".[23]

Daga cikin daliban da ta jagoranci sune Tony Attwood, [24] Maggie Snowling, [25] Simon Baron-Cohen [26] da Francesca Happé [27] .

Taimako mata a kimiyya

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Frith ta karfafa ci gaban mata a kimiyya, a wani bangare ta hanyar bunkasa cibiyar sadarwar tallafi da ake kira Science & Shopping, [1] wanda take fatan zai "karfafa mata su raba ra'ayoyi da bayanai da ke motsawa da nishaɗi". [2] Ta kuma kafa cibiyar sadarutar mata ta UCL, "cibiyar sadarwar jama'a da zamantakewa ga ma'aikatan ilimi (postdocs da sama) a STEM a UCL", a watan Janairun 2013.[3][4] A shekara ta 2015 an nada ta shugabar Kwamitin Bambancin Royal Society, a lokacin da ta rubuta game da nuna bambanci da kuma yadda yake shafar abin da masana kimiyya ke karɓar tallafi. [5][6]

A cikin kafofin watsa labarai

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A ranar 11 ga Mayu 2012 Frith ya bayyana a matsayin baƙo a cikin shirin hira na talabijin na PBS Charlie Rose na Amurka.[28] A ranar 4 ga watan Disamba ta bayyana a matsayin baƙo a cikin shirin "Brain" na BBC Two's Dara Ó Briain's Science Club . [29]

A ranar 1 ga Maris 2013, ta kasance baƙo a BBC Radio 4's Desert Island Discs . [30] A cikin 2013 Frith ya rubuta game da ganuwar mata a kimiyya, ta hanyar inganta nune-nunen a kan hotunan masanin kimiyya na mata a The Royal Society .

  1. ↑ "Who's Who 2023". www.ukwhoswho.com.
  2. ↑ Leekam, Susan R. (May 1991). "Book Review: Autism: Explaining the Enigma". The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology. 43 (2): 301–302. doi:10.1080/14640749108400972. S2CID 149418391.
  3. ↑ "Book Reviews: Autism: Explaining the enigma By Uta Frith". British Journal of Developmental Psychology. 21 (3): 465–468. 2003. doi:10.1348/026151003322277801.
  4. ↑ Korkiakangas, Terhi; Dindar, Katja; Laitila, Aarno; Kärnä, Eija (November 2016). "The Sally-Anne test: an interactional analysis of a dyadic assessment". International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders. 51 (6): 685–702. doi:10.1111/1460-6984.12240. ISSN 1460-6984. PMID 27184176.
  5. ↑ "Professor Uta Frith - Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health". ACAMH. 2017-12-13. Archived from the original on 2020-08-15. Retrieved 2020-04-24.
  6. ↑ "Professor Uta Frith". University College London. 25 May 1941. Archived from the original on 29 May 2018. Retrieved 10 June 2015.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 Bishop, D. V. M. (2008). "Forty years on: Uta Frith's contribution to research on autism and dyslexia, 1966–2006". The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology. 61 (1): 16–26. doi:10.1080/17470210701508665. PMC 2409181. PMID 18038335.
  8. ↑ Frith, Uta (1970). "Studies in pattern detection in normal and autistic children. I. Immediate recall of auditory sequences". Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 76 (3): 413–420. doi:10.1037/h0020133. PMID 5490707.
  9. ↑ Frith, U. (1970). "Studies in pattern detection in normal and autistic children". Journal of Experimental Child Psychology. 10 (1): 120–135. doi:10.1016/0022-0965(70)90049-4. PMID 5459646.
  10. ↑ "Looking back: My mentors Beate Hermelin and Neil O'Connor". Archived from the original on 15 December 2017. Retrieved 10 June 2015.
  11. ↑ Askham, A. V. (2022). "'Theory of mind' in autism: A research field reborn".
  12. ↑ Baron-Cohen, Simon; Leslie, Alan M.; Frith, Uta (October 1985). "Does the autistic child have a "theory of mind"?". Cognition. 21 (1): 37–46. doi:10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8. PMID 2934210. S2CID 14955234.
  13. ↑ "Uta Frith". Association for Psychological Science - APS. Retrieved 2020-04-24.
  14. ↑ Frith, U. (2012). "Why we need cognitive explanations of autism". Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology. 65 (11): 2073–2092. doi:10.1080/17470218.2012.697178. PMID 22906000. S2CID 46644086.
  15. ↑ Frith, C.D.; Frith, U. (2006). "The neural basis of mentalizing". Neuron. 50 (4): 531–534. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2006.05.001. PMID 16701204. S2CID 16198411.
  16. ↑ Happé, F.; Frith, U. (2006). "The Weak Coherence Account: Detail-focused Cognitive Style in Autism Spectrum Disorders". Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 36 (1): 5–25. doi:10.1007/s10803-005-0039-0. PMID 16450045. S2CID 14999943.
  17. 1 2 Frith, U. (1999). "Paradoxes in the definition of dyslexia ". Dyslexia. 5 (4): 192–214. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-0909(199912)5:4<192::AID-DYS144>3.0.CO;2-N.
  18. ↑ White, S.; Milne, E.; Rosen.; Hansen, P.; Swettenham, J.; Frith, U.; Ramus, F. (2006). "The role of sensorimotor impairments in dyslexia: a multiple case study of dyslexic children". Developmental Science. 9 (3): 237–255. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2006.00483.x. PMID 16669791.
  19. ↑ Frith, Uta; Snowling, Maggie (23 November 2007). "Reading for meaning and reading for sound in autistic and dyslexic children". British Journal of Developmental Psychology. 1 (4): 329–342. doi:10.1111/j.2044-835x.1983.tb00906.x. ISSN 0261-510X.
  20. ↑ Paulesu, E.; Frith, U.; Snowling, M.; Gallagher, A.; Morris, J.; Frackowiak, R.; Frith, C.D. (1995). "Is developmental dyslexia a disconnection syndrome? Evidence from PET scanning". Brain. 119: 143–158. doi:10.1093/brain/119.1.143. PMID 8624677.
  21. ↑ "Spotlight on Uta Frith". 2013-07-10.
  22. ↑ "interactingminds.au.dk". interactingminds.au.dk.
  23. ↑ Frith, C.D.; Frith, U. (26 November 1999). "Interacting minds—a biological basis". Science. 286 (5445): 1692–1695. doi:10.1126/science.286.5445.1692. PMID 10576727.
  24. ↑ "Tony Attwood personal website". www.tonyattwood.com.au. Retrieved 10 June 2015.
  25. ↑ "Professor Maggie Snowling". St John's College.
  26. ↑ "Simon Baron-Cohen University of Cambridge staff profile". www.neuroscience.cam.ac.uk. Retrieved 10 June 2015.
  27. ↑ "Francesca Happé IOP staff profile". www.iop.kcl.ac.uk. Retrieved 10 June 2015.
  28. ↑ "Autism - Charlie Rose". charlierose.com. 11 May 2012. Retrieved 26 November 2023.
  29. ↑ "Professor Uta Frith on BBC2 Dara O Briain's Science Club". BBC. 2012. Retrieved 4 December 2012.
  30. ↑ "Professor Uta Frith on BBC Radio 4's Desert Island Discs". bps.org.uk. 2013. Archived from the original on 22 October 2013. Retrieved 5 April 2013.
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