Vazimba
| Yankuna masu yawan jama'a | |
|---|---|
| Madagaskar | |
| Kabilu masu alaƙa | |
Malagasy people (en)  |
Vazimba (Malagasy [mg]), bisa ga imani, sune mazaunan farko na Madagascar. Duk da yake imani game da bayyanar jiki na Vazimba ya nuna bambancin yanki, ana bayyana su gabaɗaya a matsayin karami a cikin tsayi fiye da matsakaicin mutum, wanda ya jagoranci wasu masana kimiyya suyi hasashen cewa watakila mutane ne na pygmy (sabili da haka ƙabilar Malagasy daban) waɗanda suka yi ƙaura daga tsibirin da suka zama Indonesia ta zamani kuma suka zauna a Madagascar a cikin lokacin tsakanin 350 KZ-500 AZ. Shaidar kimiyya ta tabbatar da isowar farko da karuwar mazauna mutane a tsibirin a wannan lokacin, amma ba a tabbatar da ka'idar pygmy ba.[1]
Labarai game da Vazimba sun zama muhimmiyar mahimmanci a tarihin al'adu da kuma haɗin gwiwar Mutanen Madagascar, daga tarihi zuwa allahntaka, suna karfafa imani da ayyuka daban-daban a duk faɗin tsibirin. Suna da kwatankwacin wasu al'adun Austronesian, gami da Menehunes a Hawaii.[2]
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Mazauna farko na Madagascar
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Gaskiyar da ta kewaye da zama na farko na Madagascar ta masu binciken teku daga yankin Indonesia ta zamani, gami da ainihin lokacin da yanayin wannan mulkin mallaka, sun kasance batun muhawara da bincike. An yi la'akari da cewa akwai yiwuwar raƙuman ruwa na farko a Madagascar. Dangane da wannan ka'idar, raƙuman ruwa sun samo asali ne daga wannan yankin na kudu maso gabashin Asiya, suna magana da yare ɗaya kuma suna da al'ada ɗaya. Lokacin da raƙuman ruwa na biyu suka isa, sun sami tsibirin da ke cike da zuriyar raƙuman farko waɗanda al'adunsu da hanyar rayuwa suka samo asali ne daga hanyar rayuwa ta farko, suna nuna ƙarni na daidaitawa da kewayen gida a cikin keɓewa daga barazanar waje. Bisa ga sanannen imani, Vazimba ba su da ilimin ƙarfe ko noman shinkafa kuma suna amfani da makamai da aka yi da yumɓu. Bayan mazauna da ke magana da Bantu daga Gabashin Afirka suka yi ƙaura zuwa tsibirin kuma suka kawo al'adunsu na kiwon shanu na zebu tare da su, an ce Vazimba sun tarwatsa zebu ba tare da cin su don nama ba. Idan ka'idar sulhu mai yawa daidai ne, yawan 'yan asalin ƙasar (na farko) waɗanda masu ci gaba da fasaha na biyu zasu haɗu da su lokacin da suka isa Madagascar za su samar da tushen tarihi don labarun yanayin asalin al'ummomin Vazimba da aka ce sun haɗu da shi a can.
Binciken archaeological da tarihin baki sun ba da wasu alamun yadda waɗannan mazaunan farko na tsaunuka zasu iya rayuwa. Bayan isowarsu a cikin waɗancan tsoffin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi, Vazimba sun yi Tavy (aikin noma mai faɗi, slash-and-burn) don share ƙasar don noma ayaba, tubers, ginger da sauran kayan aiki. Sun tattara zuma, 'ya'yan itatuwa da tsaba masu cin abinci kuma sun farautar kananan dabbobi a cikin gandun daji. Yayin da yawan jama'arsu ya karu, an kafa ƙauyuka kuma sarakuna da sarakuna daga baya suka mallake su. An yi imanin cewa masu mulki sun yi gashin kansu ja ta amfani da kwai na gida; ana samun haɗin ja da sarauta a sassa da yawa na Madagascar har zuwa yau.[3]
A cikin tunanin da aka fi sani
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Akwai tatsuniyoyi da labaru da yawa a tarihin baki na Malagasy da suka shafi muhimman adadi na Vazimba. Misali, tarihin baki ya ba da labarin wata mace Vazimba mai suna Ramboamana da wani mutumin Vazimba mai kira Ramboabesofy, wanda aka sani da reale-tany (masu kula da ƙasar) - mazaunan farko na Madagascar, waɗanda suka zauna a yankin Ankavandra. Ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya maza biyu masu suna Rangoromana da Zafihisoky wanda labari ya ce shi ne na farko da ya kawo zebu zuwa tsibirin. Wasu Merina sun gano asalin su zuwa wani mutum mai suna Ndrenavoavo ko 'yar'uwarsa Pelamana wanda, bisa ga tarihin baki, su ne mutanen farko da ba na Vazimba ba (watau mazauna na biyu) da suka isa Madagascar. An yi imanin cewa an binne su a cikin gandun daji kusa da Tsirendresaka . An ce duk Vazimba na Betsiriry ne ke girmama kabarinsu, kuma a sakamakon haka, mutanen Tsirendresaka suna kiyaye wani abu mai banƙyama (taboo) wanda ke hana kashe zebu, don girmama Vazimba da al'adarsu ta kiwon shanu ba tare da cinye su ba.
A Madagascar a yau, sanannen imani ya ci gaba da cewa Vazimba bazai kasance ɗan adam ba, amma wani nau'i ne na dodon ko sau da yawa mummunan ruhu wanda ke damun wuraren halitta kamar koguna, duwatsu ko gorges. Tarihin baki ya ci gaba da cewa al'ada ce tsakanin Vazimba su nutse matattu a cikin maras kyau ko wasu ruwa kuma ana gudanar da waɗannan wuraren masu tsarki, wani lokacin sukan zama wuraren aikin hajji da sadaukarwa. Sau da yawa ana ganin Vazimba a matsayin karami fiye da matsakaicin mutum, ko dai ba su da kyau ko kuma duhu sosai. Bayanan da suka fi ban mamaki game da Vazimba suna magana ne game da fuska mai tsawo da ba ta dace ba tare da manyan leɓuna da ke ɓoye hakora masu kama da hakora. Daga cikin imani da yawa da suka shafi Vazimba, an ce ba za su iya tsayawa su taɓa wani abu da ya taɓa gishiri ba, kuma an haramta kawo tafarnuwa ko naman alade a cikin yankin da aka yi imanin yana dauke da kabarin Vazimba.[4]
Dubi kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Mikea
- Beosi
- Ƙananan mutane (tatsuniyoyi)
- Kalanoro
- Tiki
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Kent, Raymond K. Early Kingdoms in Madagascar: 1500–1700. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1970.
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Vazimba". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedKent - ↑ Bloch, M. From blessing to violence: History and ideology in the circumcision ritual of the Merina in Madagascar. Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge, 1986.