Victim feminism
 Victim feminism |
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Matan da aka azabtar wani lokaci ne da wasu marubuta masu ra'ayin mazan jiya irin su Katie Roiphe [1] da Naomi Wolf [2] suka yi amfani da su don sukar nau'ikan gwagwarmayar mata wanda suke ganin yana ƙarfafa ra'ayin cewa mata ba su da rauni ko kuma rashin aiki.[2]
Roiphe, Wolf da "ikon mata"
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Naomi Wolf mai suna Naomi Wolf ta yi amfani da kalmar da aka azabtar a cikin littafinta na 1993 Fire With Fire . [3]Wolf ya bambanta da wanda aka azabtar da mata tare da ikon mace . A nata ra'ayi, 'yan matan da aka azabtar suna gabatar da mata a matsayin "mala'iku masu rauni, masu rauni, masu hankali" don haka suna hana mata daukar nauyin ikon da suke da shi. Daga cikin nau'o'in halayen mata da aka azabtar, Wolf ya rubuta cewa yana aiwatar da tashin hankali da gasa ga maza ko danginsu, yayin da yake watsi da waɗannan halaye a cikin mata. [4]
Masanin addini Colin Grant ya kwatanta ikon Wolf vs. wanda aka azabtar da dichotomy kamar yadda ya samo asali ne a cikin bambance-bambancen yadda masu rajin mata ke magance alhakin da mata ke fama da su: yayin da mata da aka azabtar kawai ke zaune a kansu, ikon mata na neman gano su, tare da manufar kalubalanci da kuma shawo kan su. Grant kuma ya ambaci cewa Wolf da kanta ya bayyana cewa ta rungumi bangarorin biyu: littafinta The Beauty Myth da alama ya kasance daga sansanin mata da aka azabtar, amma tare da Wuta tare da Wuta Wolf ya canza zuwa bangaren ikon mata.
Wannan rarrabuwar kawuna na "wanda aka azabtar" vs "iko" wasu malaman mata, irin su Elizabeth M. Schneider sun soki shi, saboda an bayyana shi da yawa har gardamar Wolf ta ɓace. Bugu da ƙari, yana haɗuwa tare daban-daban da makarantun mata daban-daban, kuma wannan rudani yana taimakawa masu adawa da mata a cikin maganganunsu.
Wutar Wolf Tare da Wuta da Katie Roiphe 's The Morning Bayan sun sami kulawar kafofin watsa labarai da yawa. Sun kafa wani bangare na koma baya a kan fahimtar mamayar jigon mata na cin zarafi a cikin shahararrun al'adun zamani. [5] An yi la'akari da abin da aka azabtar da mata a matsayin mummunan hali ta Wolf da waɗanda suka gina kan bincikenta. Halin da ya fi dacewa yana gane bambancin ƙwarewar mata da ra'ayi (game da jima'i, ɗabi'a, da dai sauransu) a matsayin madaidaicin madaidaicin sabanin wanda ra'ayoyin " uba" na maza suka sanya.
Ɗaya daga cikin gardamar Wolf da Roiphe ita ce, ba da fifiko kan cin zarafi yana ƙarfafa ra'ayin mata na kasancewa masu rauni da rauni. Duk da haka, an yi iƙirarin cewa mafitarsu ta hanyar "ikon mata" abu ne mai sauƙi, saboda ya kasa yin la'akari da tsarin tsarin tsarin mata. Gabaɗaya, an kwatanta dichotomy "wanda aka azabtar vs. iko" a matsayin ƙarya kuma bai isa ba, kuma yana haifar da "matsala mai iyaka". [6]
Schneider ya soki dichotomy na mata a cikin nau'i na "wanda aka azabtar vs. hukumar" daga mahangar shari'a, yana mai cewa ra'ayin mata a matsayin ko dai wadanda abin ya shafa ko wakilai bai cika ba kuma a tsaye. Ta yi nuni da cewa, na farko, dukkanin ra'ayoyin biyu sun yi kunkuntar kuma ba su cika ba, na biyu kuma, ba sabanin sandunan bakan ba ne, masu zaman kansu ne, amma ma'auni masu alaka da kwarewar mata. [3]
"Hukumar tabbatarwa" mata
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Masanin binciken jinsi Rebecca Stringer ya rubuta cewa baya ga Wolf da Roiphe, wasu marubutan mata sun soki wakilcin mata a matsayin wadanda abin ya shafa tare da inganta wata alama ta hukumar da ke tabbatar da mata . Waɗannan sun haɗa da Camille Paglia, Christina Hoff Sommers, Natasha Walter, da Rene Denfeld . Kowane ɗayan waɗannan marubutan sun rubuta shahararrun littattafai a cikin 1990s game da mata da aka tsara a matsayin kira zuwa aiki, kamar ayyukan da Betty Friedan da Germaine Greer suka yi a baya. A cewar Stringer, wannan yanayin na 1990s tashin hankali a kan "mace wanda aka azabtar" yana da alaƙa da haɓakar neoliberalism a lokaci guda. A lokaci guda kuma, a cikin littafinta Knowing Victims Stringer ta bayar da hujjar cewa waɗannan maganganun na "wanda aka azabtar da mata" ba su tabbatar da hukumar mata ba, sai dai suna kawo matsala ga iyawar mata na hukumar da bayyana rashin nauyin mata na sirri, wanda shine, a ra'ayi na Stringer, kama da wanda aka azabtar .
Duba kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Antifeminism
- Daidaiton jinsi
- Jerin ra'ayoyin mata
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ name="Heywood p1"> (Jennifer ed.). Missing or empty
|title=(help) - ↑ 2.0 2.1 Heywood, Leslie; Drake, Jennifer, eds. (1997). "Introduction". Third Wave Agenda: Being Feminist, Doing Feminism. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. pp. 1–2. ISBN 978-0-8166-3005-9.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Schneider, Elizabeth M. (1993). "Feminism and the False Dichotomy of Victimization and Agency" (PDF). New York Law School Law Review. 38: 387–399. ISSN 0145-448X. Also available at HeinOnline.
- ↑ name="Cole p50">Empty citation (help)
- ↑ Empty citation (help)
- ↑ Schneider, Elizabeth M. (1993). "Feminism and the False Dichotomy of Victimization and Agency". New York Law School Law Review (in Turanci). 38 (1): 387–399.