Victoria Falls Bridge

Victoria Falls Bridge
deck arch bridge (en) , international bridge (en) da road-rail bridge (en)
Bayanai
Bangare na	Zambia–Zimbabwe border (en)
Farawa	1905
Suna a harshen gida	Victoria Falls Bridge
Suna saboda	Faɗuwar ruwan Victoria
Ƙasa	Zambiya da Zimbabwe
Lokacin farawa	1904
Kayan haɗi	karfe
Designed by (en)	Ralph Freeman (en)
Date of official opening (en)	12 Satumba 1905
Giciye	Kogin Zambezi
Heritage designation (en)	Historic Civil Engineering Landmark (en)
Wuri
17°55′42″S 25°51′26″E
Ƴantacciyar ƙasa	Zambiya
Province of Zambia (en)	Southern Province (en)
District of Zambia (en)	Livingstone District (en)

Gadar Victoria Falls ta ratsa kogin Zambezi a ƙasan magudanar ruwan Victoria kuma an gina ta a kan kwarin biyu na magudanar ruwan. Yayin da kogin ke kan iyaka tsakanin Zimbabwe da Zambia, gadar ta haɗa ƙasashen biyu kuma tana da sandunan kan iyaka a kan hanyoyin da za su kai ga ƙarshen biyu, a garuruwan Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe, da Livingstone, Zambia .

Tarihi

Gadar ta kasance tunanin Cecil Rhodes, wani ɓangare na babban shirinsa na layin dogo daga Cape zuwa Cairo, duk da cewa bai taɓa ziyartar magudanar ruwa ba kuma ya mutu kafin a fara gina gadar. An rubuta Rhodes a matsayin wanda ke umurtar injiniyoyi su "gina gadar a fadin Zambezi inda jiragen ƙasa, yayin da suke wucewa, za su kama feshin magudanar ruwa". George Andrew Hobson na masu ba da shawara Sir Douglas Fox da Abokan Hulɗa ne suka tsara ta, tare da taimakon lissafin damuwa na Ralph Freeman, wanda daga baya ya zama babban mai tsara gadar Sydney Harbour . Babban babban baka na tsakiya shine lanƙwasa mai kama da juna .

An yi wa gadar ado a Darlington, Ingila ta hannun Kamfanin Cleveland Bridge & Engineering, kafin a jigilar ta zuwa birnin Beira mai tashar jiragen ruwa a Mozambique da Portugal ke mulkin mallaka, sannan aka kai ta sabon layin dogo zuwa Victoria Falls. An ɗauki watanni 14 kacal ana ginawa kuma an kammala ta a shekarar 1905.

Farfesa Sir George Darwin, ɗan Charles Darwin kuma Shugaban Ƙungiyar Burtaniya (wanda yanzu ita ce Ƙungiyar Kimiyya ta Burtaniya ), ne ya buɗe gadar a hukumance a ranar 12 ga Satumba, 1905. Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyi ta Amurka ta ayyana gadar a matsayin Alamar Tarihi ta Injiniyan Jama'a ta Duniya .

Ana gina gadar a shekarar 1905

An gina gadar da ƙarfe, tsawonta ya kai 198 metres (650 ft) tsayi, tare da babban baka mai tsawon 156.50 metres (513.5 ft), a tsayin 128 metres (420 ft) sama da alamar ruwan kogin da ke ƙasa a cikin kwarin da ke ƙasa. Yana ɗauke da hanya, layin dogo da kuma hanyar tafiya. Gadar ita ce kawai hanyar haɗin jirgin ƙasa tsakanin Zambia da Zimbabwe kuma ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin haɗi uku kawai tsakanin ƙasashen biyu.

Gadar Victoria Falls ba ta kawo jirgin ƙasa na farko ko layin dogo na farko zuwa Arewacin Rhodesia ba (wanda ake kira Zambia tun 1964). Domin ci gaba da gina layin dogo a arewa da sauri, Cecil Rhodes ya dage cewa a shimfida layin Livingstone zuwa Kalomo kafin a kammala gadar. Sannan aka kai jirgin ƙasa gunduwa-gunduwa a fadin kwarin ta hanyar hanyar lantarki ta wucin gadi da ake amfani da ita don jigilar kayan gadar kuma injiniyoyin gini suka yi wa lakabi da 'Blondin'. An sake haɗa jirgin kuma an fara aiki watanni kafin a kammala gadar.

Fiye da shekaru 50, ana ratsa gadar akai-akai ta jiragen ƙasa na fasinja a matsayin wani ɓangare na babbar hanyar da ke tsakanin Arewacin Rhodesia a wancan lokacin, kudancin Afirka da Turai. Jiragen ƙasa masu ɗaukar kaya galibi suna ɗaukar tagulla (daga baya, ƙurar jan ƙarfe) da katako daga Arewacin Rhodesia, sannan su shiga ƙasar da kwal.

Shekarun gadar da matsalolin gyara sun haifar da takunkumin zirga-zirga a wasu lokutan. Jiragen ƙasa suna wucewa ƙasa da saurin tafiya kuma manyan motoci an iyakance su zuwa t 30, wanda hakan ya tilasta wa manyan motoci masu nauyi yin dogon juyawa ta hanyar Jirgin Ruwa na Kazungula ko Gadar Chirundu . An ƙara iyaka bayan gyara a shekarar 2006, amma an yi amfani da shawarwarin gyara ko gina sabuwar gada wajen watsa shirye-shirye.

A lokacin rikicin UDI na Rhodesian da Yaƙin Bush, ana yawan rufe gadar (kuma ayyukan fasinja na yau da kullun ba su ci gaba da nasara ba). A shekarar 1975, gadar ta kasance wurin tattaunawar zaman lafiya da ba ta yi nasara ba lokacin da ɓangarorin suka haɗu a cikin motar jirgin ƙasa da aka shirya a saman kwarin na tsawon awanni tara da rabi. A shekarar 1980, ayyukan jigilar kaya da na tituna sun ci gaba kuma an ci gaba da su ba tare da katsewa ba sai dai gyara.

A yau, ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan jan hankali na gadar Victoria Falls shine yawon shakatawa na tarihi waɗanda suka mayar da hankali kan gina gadar kuma sun haɗa da yawon shakatawa a ƙarƙashin babban bene. A gefen Zambia akwai ƙaramin gidan tarihi a kusa da gadar wanda kyauta ne don shiga kuma yana ɗauke da gidan shayi da ke sayar da abubuwan sha. Hakanan yana kan gadar akwai Shearwater 111 metres (364 ft) tsallen bungee wanda ya haɗa da lilon bungee da layin zip. An tada damuwa game da amincin wurin jan hankalin a ƙarshen 2011 bayan da igiyar bungee ta yanke kuma wata matashiyar 'yar Australiya ta faɗi 24 metres (79 ft) cikin kogin da ke gudana da sauri (ta tsira).

Da farko ana kiran gadar da Babban Zambesi ko Gadar Zambezi, daga baya aka san ta da Gadar Victoria Falls.

Gadar Victoria Falls daga hanyar Knife Edge Bridge kusa da magudanar ruwa a gefen Zambia

Hotunan Hotuna

• 
  Bungee yana tsalle daga gadar Victoria Falls
• 
  Gadar Victoria Falls
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  Duban helikwafta
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  Kwarin Victoria Falls tare da gadar Victoria Falls a bango
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  Gada a shekarar 1975
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  Ra'ayin gadar da magudanar ruwa

Duba kuma

• Jerin wuraren da aka ketare Kogin Zambezi
• Jerin gadoji na ƙasashen duniya