Vy Vato Sakelika
 Vy Vato Sakelika | |
|---|---|
| Bayanai | |
| Iri | Kungiyar Asiri |
| Ƙasa | Madagaskar |
Vy Vato Sakelika wata ƙungiyar asiri ce ta kishin ƙasa da aka kafa a Madagascar a shekara ta 1913 ta Hova Merina elites don tayar da tawaye ga 'yan mulkin mallaka na Faransa a tsibirin.
Mulkin mallakar da Masarautar Madagaska ta yi a shekara ta 1896 ya haifar da boren da jama'a suka yi wa Faransawa, wanda ake kira tawayen Menalamba. Sarauniya Ranavalona III, mijinta da Firayim Minista, Rainilaiarivony, da kuma babban ruƙuni na kotunan Hova sun kasance masu alhakin. Rainandriamampandry (magajin garin Toamasina) da wasu da dama an kashe su ta hanyar harbe-harbe, yayin da aka kwashe sarauniya da firaminista. An kwace wa ’yan kungiyar Protestan Hova, waɗanda suka kafa rukunin masu mulkin ƙasar gaba ɗaya, gata da dukiyoyinsu. An yi tashe-tashen hankula da dama makamancin haka a wasu sassan tsibirin a cikin shekaru goma na farko na 'yan mulkin mallaka.
Kisa da zalunci na Hova elite sun haɗa wannan hanyar sadarwa na iyalai na Furotesta Merina a kan hukumomin 'yan mulkin mallaka. Ministan Furotesta Ravelojaona yana cikin na farko da ya buga editoci a fili da ke inganta manufar kishin ƙasa; Daga cikin na farko kuma mafi tasiri har da waɗanda aka buga a ƙarƙashin jerin da ya yi wa suna "Jafan da Jafananci" wanda ya yaba da nasarar haɗa al'ada da zamani a zamanin Meiji. [1] Ba da daɗewa ba bayan an buga waɗannan guda, a cikin watan Yuli 1913 ɗalibai bakwai a makarantar likitanci a Antananarivo [1] sun kafa ƙungiyar masu kishin ƙasa ta farko ta Madagascar, ƙungiyar asirin Vy Vato Sakelika (VVS, "Iron, Stone, Network"). [2] Ba da daɗewa ba ƙungiyar ta jawo ƙungiyoyi daban-daban a cikin ƙwararrun ajin, ciki har da ma'aikatan ofis na Merina, ma'aikatan kantuna da malaman firamare. [1] Ta wannan hanyar, membobin tsohon fitattun Hova sun kafa ainihin memba na VVS a farkon lokacinsa. [2] Kodayake a wasu lokuta kungiyar ta gabatar da kanta a matsayin kungiyar al'adu, [3] ta yi amfani da jaridu na ƙasa don yin kira ga jama'a da su sadaukar da kansu don 'yanci da mutuncin tanindrazana (ƙasar kakanninsu). [1]
Yayin da Faransa ta shiga yakin duniya na, an ga waɗannan kiran na ƙasa a matsayin abin kunya wanda ba za a iya jurewa ba.[1] Manufofin Faransa game da VVS sun yi tauri a shekarar 1915 biyo bayan jita-jita game da makirci a kan jihar.[4] An kama mambobi da yawa kuma an yanke musu hukuncin aiki; daga ƙarshe an sake su a shekarar 1918 kuma an gafarta musu a shekarar 1922 .[3][4] Hukumomin 'yan mulkin mallaka sun tsananta wa mambobin VVS. An tura wasu kurkuku a Nosy Lava, wani ƙaramin tsibiri a kudu maso yammacin gabar teku; an kori wasu daga muƙaman gwamnati ko kuma an yanke musu hukuncin aiki tuƙuru. An haramta VVS a farkon shekara ta 1916 kuma an rufe jaridar mallakar masu goyon bayan VVS. Wannan mummunar martani ya tilasta muhawara game da kishin ƙasa da daidaito ga mutanen Madagascar, wanda ya haifar da bunƙasawar ƙungiyar kishin ƙasa a duk faɗin tsibirin wanda ya yanke tsakanin ƙabilanci, addini da rarrabuwar ƙasa.[1] Da yawa daga cikin waɗannan sun haɗa kai a bayan Jean Ralaimongo, tsohon shugaban VVS wanda ya jagoranci turawa don daidaito ga mutanen Madagascar.[4]
Littattafai
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Boahen, Adu (1990). General History of Africa VII: Africa Under Colonial Domination. Paris: UNESCO. ISBN 9780852550977.
- Ellis, Stephen; Rajaonah, Faranirina (1998). L'insurrection des menalamba: une révolte à Madagascar, 1895-1898 (in Faransanci). Paris: Karthala Editions. ISBN 9782865377961.
- Oliver, Roland; Fage, John Donnelly; Sanderson, G.N. (1985). The Cambridge History of Africa. 6. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-22803-9.
- Thomas, Martin (2005). The French Empire Between the Wars: Imperialism, Politics and Society. Manchester, U.K.: Manchester University Press. ISBN 9780719065187.