Wadi al Hitan
 Wadi al Hitan | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
natural monument (en)  da paleontological site (en) | ||||
 | ||||
| Bayanai | ||||
| Suna a harshen gida | وادي الحيتان | |||
| Ƙasa | Misra | |||
| Heritage designation (en) | Muhimman Guraren Tarihi na Duniya | |||
| Contains (en) |
Archaeoceti (mul) | |||
| World Heritage criteria (en) |
(viii) (en) | |||
| Wuri | ||||
| ||||
| Ƴantacciyar ƙasa | Misra | |||
| Governorate of Egypt (en) | Faiyum Governorate (en) | |||
Wādī al-Ḥītān (Larabci: وادي الحيتان, lit. 'Wadi na Whales' Larabci na Larabci na Masar: [ˈwa.diː elˈħit.æːn] ⓘ) wuri ne na nazarin burbushin halittu a cikin Faiyum Governorate na Masar, wasu mil 135 a kudu maso yamma na Cah. An sanya shi wurin Tarihin Duniya na UNESCO[1] a cikin Yuli 2005 don ɗaruruwan burbushinsa na wasu farkon nau'ikan whale, archaeoceti (yanzu bacewar tsarin kifaye). Shafin yana bayyana shaida kan bayanin daya daga cikin manyan sirrikan juyin halittar whale: fitowar kifin kifi a matsayin dabbar dabbar da ke tafiya a cikin teku daga rayuwar da ta gabata a matsayin dabbar kasa
Babu wani wuri a duniya da ya samar da adadi, tattarawa da ingancin irin wannan burbushin, ko isarsu da saitin su a cikin shimfidar wuri mai kyau da kariya. Don haka an rubuta kwarin a cikin jerin abubuwan tarihi na UNESCO a cikin 2005.[2]
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Burbushin da aka samu a wurin ba zai zama mafi tsufa ba amma babban abin da suke da shi a yankin da kuma yadda ake kiyaye su ya kai har wasu abubuwan ciki ba su cika ba. Kasancewar burbushin sauran dabbobin farko kamar su sharks, crocodiles, sawfish, kunkuru da kuma haskoki da aka samu a Wādī al-Ḥītān ya sa a sake gina yanayin muhalli da muhallin da ke kewaye da shi a lokacin, yana mai kara tabbatar da matsayinsa a matsayin wurin Gado.
An gano kwarangwal na farko na burbushin whale a cikin hunturu na 1902-03. A cikin shekaru 80 masu zuwa ba su da ɗanɗano sha'awa, musamman saboda wahalar isa yankin. A cikin shekarun 1980 sha'awar rukunin yanar gizon ta sake komawa yayin da motocin tuƙi huɗu suka zama mafi sauƙi. Ci gaba da sha'awar ya zo daidai da wuraren da masu tattara burbushin suka ziyarta, kuma an cire kasusuwa da yawa, lamarin da ya sa aka yi kira da a kiyaye wurin.[3]
Ragowar suna nuna nau'in tsarin jiki na yau da kullun na whales, duk da haka suna riƙe wasu manyan abubuwan da suka shafi kwanyar kai da tsarin haƙori. Mafi girman kwarangwal da aka samo ya kai tsayin mita 21, tare da ingantaccen ɗimbin ɗimbin yatsu biyar akan goshin gaba da kasancewar ba zato ba tsammani na kafafun baya, ƙafafu, da yatsu, wanda ba a san shi ba a baya a cikin kowane archaeoceti. Siffar su ta maciji ce kuma sun kasance masu cin nama. Kadan daga cikin ragowar kwarangwal ɗin an fallasa su amma yawancin ana binne su a cikin dazuzzuka, wanda zaizayar ƙasa ta fallasa a hankali. Wādi al-Ḥitān ya ba da shaidar miliyoyin shekaru na rayuwar ruwa a bakin teku.[4]
Burbushin halittu
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Wādi al-Ḥitān shine wuri mafi mahimmanci a duniya don nuna ɗaya daga cikin manyan canje-canje a tarihin rayuwa a Duniya: juyin halittar whale. A fili ya nuna nau'in su da salon rayuwarsu yayin da suka rikide daga rayuwa ta duniya zuwa cikin ruwa. Ya zarce sauran wurare makamantan haka ta fuskar adadi, tattarawa da ingancin burbushinsa, da isarsu da saitinsu a cikin yanayi mai kyau da kiyayewa. Ƙirar ƙasusuwan kasusuwan burbushin halittu na Archaeoceti (tsohuwar whales waɗanda ke yin rikodin canjin cetaceans zuwa rayuwar ruwa), sirenians da dabbobi masu rarrafe, da haƙoran shark daga Tsarin Gehannam (shekaru 40-41 da suka wuce).[8] Wurin da ke Wādi al-Ḥītān yana tsakiyar shekarun Eocene kuma ya ƙunshi burbushin burbushin halittu sama da yanki mai girman kilomita 200 (sq mi 77). Kasusuwan burbushin suna da yawa kuma galibi suna nuna kyakkyawan ingancin adanawa. Mafi shaharar burbushin halittu su ne kwarangwal da kasusuwan kifaye da shanun teku, kuma sama da dari an rubuta su.[9] Wādī al-Ḥītān (Whale Valley) baƙon abu ne wajen samun irin wannan tarin burbushin whale (kasusuwan ruwa 1500) a irin wannan ƙaramin yanki.
Kasusuwan Whale sun fito ne daga kasusuwa guda zuwa kwarangwal baki daya, kuma a halin yanzu ana baje kolin wasu sassan kwarangwal a wurin nunin jama'a na wurin shakatawa. Dabbobi na yau da kullun su ne manyan Basilosaurus, da ƙarami (mita 3 zuwa 5) Dorudon. Aƙalla wasu nau'ikan guda biyu an san su daga ragowar da ba kasafai ba. Whales suna da gajerun gaɓoɓin baya da ba a gani a cikin kifin kifi na zamani, da ƙaƙƙarfan kwanyar haƙori mai kama da na dabbobi masu shayarwa. Sauran dabbobi masu shayarwa ana wakilta su da kwarangwal na nau'ikan sirenians guda uku ko shanun teku. Waɗannan su ne cikakkun ruwaye, kamar kifin kifi, kuma sun nuna abubuwan da ba a gani a cikin nau'ikan zamani kuma suna da haƙora waɗanda ke nuna cewa suna kiwo a kan ciyawa da sauran tsire-tsire na cikin ruwa. Hakanan an rubuta ƙasusuwan tsohuwar giwa Moeritherium.[5]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Wadi El Hitan (Whale Valley)". World Heritage Site for World Heritage Travellers. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
- ↑ Africa World Heritage sites named". BBC News. BBC. 15 July 2005. Retrieved 20 March 2022
- ↑ United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (Content Partner); McGinley, Mark (25 October 2007). Cleveland, Cutler J. (ed.). "Wadi Al-Hitan (Whale Valley), Egypt". Encyclopedia of Earth. Environmental Information Coalition, National Council for Science and the Environment. Archived from the original on 28 October 2007. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
- ↑ UNEP-WCMC Protected Areas Programme - Wadi Al-Hitan (Whale Valley) Archived 2007-06-10 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ El Adli, Joseph J.; Wilson Mantilla, Jeffrey A.; Antar, Mohammed Sameh M.; Gingerich, Philip D. (2 June 2021). "The earliest recorded fossil pelican, recovered from the late Eocene of Wadi Al-Hitan, Egypt". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 41 (1): e1903910. Bibcode:2021JVPal..41E3910E. doi:10.1080/02724634.2021.1903910. S2CID 236269386.