Wajen Ramsar

Wajen Ramsar
conservation designation (en)
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	Dausayi, al'adun muhalli da Yankin kariya
Applies to jurisdiction (en)	Ramsar Convention (en)
Shafin yanar gizo	rsis.ramsar.org
Babban tsarin rubutu	Ramsar Convention (en)
Nada jerin	list of Ramsar sites (en)

Taswirar guraren Ramsar

Harike Wetland wani guri ne na Ramsar a ƙasar Indiya

Tsibiran Archipel Bolama-Bijagos da ke matsayin gurin Ramsar a ƙasar Guinea-Bissau

Hanyar tafiya ta katako a cikin Zuvintas Biosphere Reserve

A gurin Ramsar wani yanki ne na dausayi (wetland) da aka keɓance domin ya zama mai mahimmancin gaske a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa a ƙarƙashin Yarjejeniyar Ramsar, wacce kuma aka sani da "Yarjejeniyar Dausayi", wata yarjejeniyar muhalli ce ta ƙasa da ƙasa da aka sanya wa hannu a ranar 2 ga Fabrairu 1971 a birnin Ramsar da ke ƙasar Iran, a ƙarƙashin kulawar UNESCO. Yarjejeniyar ta fara aiki a ranar 21 ga Disamba 1975, lokacin da isasshen adadin ƙasashe suka amince da ita. Tana ba da damar ɗaukar matakai a matakin ƙasa da kuma haɗin gwiwa na ƙasa da ƙasa game da kiyaye dausayi, da kuma yin amfani da albarkatunsu cikin hikima da dorewa. Membobin yarjejeniyar Ramsar suna haɗuwa akai-akai don ganowa da amincewa kan kiyaye "Dausayi Mai Mahimmanci a Matakin Ƙasa da Ƙasa", musamman waɗanda ke zama mazaunin tsuntsayen ruwa (waterfowl).

Ya zuwa watan Janairun 2026, akwai guraren Ramsar guda 2,520 a duniya, waɗanda ke kiyaye yanki mai faɗin hekta 253,075,668, kuma gwamnatocin ƙasashe 172 ne ke shiga cikin wannan yarjejeniya.

Jerin Gurare

Main article: List of Ramsar Wetlands of International Importance

Ƙungiyar da ba ta neman riba ta Wetlands International tana ba da damar yin amfani da bayanan Ramsar ta hanyar Sabis ɗin Bayanai na Guraren Ramsar (Ramsar Sites Information Service).

Sharuɗɗan Zama Gurin Ramsar

Ana iya ɗaukar dausayi a matsayin mai mahimmanci a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa idan ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan sharuɗɗan guda tara ya tabbata a kansa:

• Sharadi na 1: "yana ɗauke da misali na musamman, na daban, ko wanda ba a cika samun irinsa ba na nau'in dausayi na halitta ko kusa da na halitta da ake samu a cikin yanki mai dacewa na biogeographic."
• Sharadi na 2: "yana tallafawa jinsunan da ke cikin haɗari, waɗanda ke fuskantar barazanar ƙarewa, ko kuma al'ummomin muhalli da ke fuskantar barazana."
• Sharadi na 3: "yana tallafawa yawan jinsunansu na tsirrai da/ko dabbobi masu mahimmanci don kiyaye nau'ikan halittu (biological diversity) na wani yanki na musamman na biogeographic."
• Sharadi na 4: "yana tallafawa jinsunan tsirrai da/ko dabbobi a wani mataki mai mahimmanci na tsarin rayuwarsu, ko kuma yana ba da mafaka lokacin da yanayi ya yi tsanani."
• Sharadi na 5: "akai-akai yana tallafawa tsuntsayen ruwa guda 20,000 ko fiye da haka."
• Sharadi na 6: "akai-akai yana tallafawa kashi 1% na daidaikun halittu a cikin yawan jinsin tsuntsun ruwa guda ɗaya ko ƙarƙashin jinsinsa (subspecies)."
• Sharadi na 7: "yana tallafawa kaso mai tsoka na jinsunan kifin gida, ƙarƙashin jinsunansu ko iyalansu, matakan tarihin rayuwa, alaƙar jinsuna da/ko yawansu waɗanda ke wakiltar fa'idodi da/ko darajar dausayi, kuma ta hakan yana ba da gudummawa ga nau'ikan halittu na duniya."
• Sharadi na 8: "shi ne tushen abinci mai mahimmanci ga kifaye, gurin yin ƙwai, gurin renon 'ya'ya da/ko hanyar yin ƙaura wacce albarkatun kifi ke dogara da ita, ko dai a cikin dausayin ko a wani gurin daban."
• Sharadi na 9: "akai-akai yana tallafawa kashi 1% na daidaikun halittu a cikin yawan jinsin dabba guda ɗaya ko ƙarƙashin jinsinta na dabbobin da suka dogara da dausayi waɗanda ba tsuntsaye ba."

Tsarin Rarrabawa

Tsarin Rarraba Nau'ukan Dausayi na Ramsar (Ramsar Classification System for Wetland Type) wani tsari ne na rarraba dausayi da aka ƙirƙira a ƙarƙashin Yarjejeniyar Ramsar da nufin zama hanyar cikin sauri don gano manyan nau'ikan dausayi don manufofin Yarjejeniyar.

Dausayin Teku/Gaɓar Teku

• Ruwan Gishiri (Saline water):
  • Madawwami (Permanent):
    • (A) Madawwamin ruwan teku maras zurfi: Kasa da mita 6 na zurfi lokacin da ruwa ya koma (low tide); ciki har da kwarurukan teku (bays) da mashigai (straits)
    • (B) Shimfiɗar ciyawar teku ta ƙarƙashin ruwa (Marine subtidal aquatic beds): Tsire-tsire na ƙarƙashin ruwa; ciki har da ciyawar kelp da shimfiɗar ciyawar teku, da filayen ciyawar teku na wurare masu zafi
    • (C) Duwatsun murjani (Coral reefs)
  • Gaɓar teku (Shores):
    • (D) Gaɓar teku mai duwatsu
    • (E) Gaɓar teku ta yashi ko tsakuwa
• Ruwan gishiri ko ruwan da bai nuna gishiri sosai ba (brackish water):
  • Yankin da ruwa ke hawa da sauka (Intertidal):
    • (G) Filayen laka, yashi ko gishiri na tsakanin igiyoyin ruwa
    • (H) Dausayin gishiri na tsakanin igiyoyin ruwa
    • (I) Dausayi mai bishiyoyi na tsakanin igiyoyin ruwa
  • Ƙananan tafkuna na gaɓar teku (Lagoons):
    • (J) Ƙananan tafkuna na gaɓar teku masu gishiri-gishiri
  • Ruwan mashigar kogi zuwa teku (Estuarine):
    • (F) Ruwan mashigar kogi zuwa teku
• Ruwa mai gishiri, gishiri-gishiri, ko Ruwa mai Daɗi (fresh water):
  • Na ƙarƙashin ƙasa (Subterranean):
    • (Zk(a)) Tsarin karas (Karst) da sauran tsarin ruwa na ƙarƙashin ƙasa
• Ruwa mai Daɗi (Fresh water):
  • Ƙananan tafkuna (Lagoons):
    • (K) Ƙananan tafkuna na ruwa mai daɗi na gaɓar teku

Dausayi na Cikin Ƙasa (Inland wetlands)

• Ruwa mai Daɗi (Fresh water):
  • Ruwa mai gudu:
    • Madawwami:
      • Madawwamin madatsar ruwan kogi na cikin ƙasa (river deltas) (L)
      • Madawwamin ƙoramu/koguna/rafuka (M)
        • Maɓuɓɓugar ruwa mai daɗi, oases (Y)
    • Rafuka/koguna na wasu lokuta ko masu ɗaukewa (N)
  • Tafkuna/wuraren lami (pools):
    • Madawwami > 8 ha (O)
    • Madawwami < 8 ha (Tp)
    • Na wasu lokuta / Masu ɗaukewa > 8 ha (P)
    • Na wasu lokuta / Masu ɗaukewa < 8 ha (Ts)
  • Dausayi a kan ƙasa maras rurruven ganye (inorganic soils):
    • Madawwami (wanda ciyayi suka mamaye) (Tp)
    • Madawwami / Na wasu lokuta / Masu ɗaukewa (wanda ganyayen daji suka mamaye) (W)
    • Madawwami / Na wasu lokuta / Masu ɗaukewa (wanda bishiyoyi suka mamaye) (Xf)
    • Na wasu lokuta / Masu ɗaukewa (wanda ciyayi suka mamaye) (Ts)
  • Dausayi a kan ƙasar fiti ko rurruven ganye (peat soils):
    • Madawwami (marar bishiyoyi) (U)
    • Madawwami (mai bishiyoyi) (Xp)
  • Dausayi a kan ƙasa maras rurruven ganye ko ƙasar fiti:
    • Dausayi a kan ƙasa maras rurruven ganye ko ƙasar fiti / Maɗaukakin yanki (alpine) (Va)
    • Dausayi a kan ƙasa maras rurruven ganye ko ƙasar fiti / Tundra (Vt)
• Ruwa mai gishiri, gishiri-gishiri ko ruwa mai sinadarin alkali:
  • Tafkuna
    • Madawwami (Q)
    • Na wasu lokuta / Masu ɗaukewa (R)
  • Dausayi/wuraren lami
    • Madawwami (Sp)
    • Na wasu lokuta / Masu ɗaukewa (Ss)
• Ruwa mai daɗi, mai gishiri, gishiri-gishiri ko mai sinadarin alkali:
  • Ruwan zafi na ƙarƙashin ƙasa (Geothermal) (Zg)
  • Na ƙarƙashin ƙasa (Zk(b))

Dausayi Na Ƙirƙirar Ɗan Adam

• (1): Guraren kiwon kifi (Aquaculture ponds)
• (2): Wuraren tara ruwa (wuraren shan dabbobi na gona, ƙananan tankunan ruwa, ko yankin da bai kai hekta 8 ba)
• (3): Ƙasar da ake yi wa feshin ruwa (Irrigated land)
• (4): Ƙasar noma da ambaliyar ruwa ke shafa a wasu lokuta
• (5): Guraren haƙar gishiri
• (6): Guraren ajiye ruwa/Madatsun ruwa (Reservoirs)
• (7): Guraren da aka tona (Excavations)
• (8): Guraren tace gurbataccen ruwa (Wastewater treatment areas)
• (9): Hanyoyin ruwa (Canals) da magudanun ruwa ko ramuka
• (Zk(c)): Tsarin karas (karst) na ƙirƙirar ɗan adam da sauran tsarin ruwa na ƙarƙashin ƙasa

Hanyoyin Haɗi na Waje

• Ramsar Sites Information Service.org: Official List of all Ramsar Sites website—ta hanyar Sabis ɗin Bayanai na Guraren Ramsar
• Ramsar Sites Information Service.org—hotunan guraren Ramsar
• Ramsar.org: Ramsar Convention website