Wakilan Bangaskiya
 Wakilan Bangaskiya |
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Wakilan Imani (Arabic furuʿ ad-dīn), wanda kuma aka sani da Dokokin Wajibi Goma, su ne muhimman ayyuka na Shi'a 'Yan Twelver.[1] [2]
A bisa ga koyarwar Twelver, abin da Musuluncin Sunni ya kira ginshiƙai ana kiransa ayyuka ko ƙa'idodi na biyu ko ayyukan wajibi. Bayan ginshiƙan Musulunci, Ma'anonin Imani sun haɗa da Jihadi, Umarni da abin da yake daidai ( Arabic: ), Hani ga mummuna, [3] Khums, harajin shekara-shekara na kashi 20 cikin 100 akan duk wata riba da Musulmai 'Yan Shi'a suka samu; Tawalla, nuna soyayya ga Allah da sauran Musulmai nagari; Tabarra, rabuwa da maƙiyan Allah. [1]
Ginshiƙan Musulunci
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Salati (Sallah)
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Dole ne Musulmi ya yi addu'a ( Fardh /wajibi) sau biyar a rana. Ibada ce ta jiki, ta hankali, da ta ruhaniya wadda ake yi sau biyar a kowace rana a lokutan da aka tsara . Idan suka yi haka, dole ne su fuskanci Kaaba a Makka . A cikin wannan al'ada, mai ibada ya fara tsayawa, ya yi ruku'u, ya yi sujada, sannan ya kammala yayin da yake zaune a ƙasa. [4] A kowane lokaci, mai ibada yana karanta ko karanta wasu ayoyi, jimloli da addu'o'i. Kalmar sallah galibi ana fassara ta a matsayin "addu'a" ko "sadarwa ga Allah".
Annabi Muhammadu ya bayyana salla a matsayin "cibiyar" addini. Babban ma'anar salla a Larabci shine yin addu'a ko yin salati. An rarraba salla zuwa nau'i biyu na asali: wajibi da kuma shawarar . Salatin da ake buƙata shine ginshiƙi na biyu, yayin da ake ɗaukar sauran salloli a matsayin shawarar. Ana yin babbar sallah da ake buƙata sau biyar a rana a cikin lokutan da aka ƙayyade.
Sawm (Fast)
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Azumi a Musulunci yana nufin kauracewa cin abinci, abin sha, shan taba, da kuma jima'i gaba ɗaya da rana tun daga fitowar alfijir har zuwa faɗuwar rana.[5]
Ana buƙatar yin azumi a cikin watan Ramadan . Duk Musulmin da suka kai shekara goma sha ɗaya dole ne su yi azumi, kodayake akwai wasu keɓancewa da ba sa azumi, kamar rashin lafiya da tafiye-tafiye, ciki da kuma haila. Azumin da aka rasa yana buƙatar a yi shi a wani lokaci.
Akwai wasu ayoyi game da azumi a cikin Alqur'ani kamar "Watan Ramadhana shine wanda aka saukar da Alqur'ani a cikinsa, shiriya ga mutane da hujjoji bayyanannu na shiriya da rarrabewa; saboda haka, duk wanda ya kasance a cikinku a cikin watan, to ya yi azumi a cikinsa, duk wanda ya kasance mara lafiya ko kuma yana kan tafiya, to (ya yi azumi) adadi mai kama da haka na wasu kwanaki. Allah yana nufin sauƙi a gare ku, kuma baya nufin wahala a gare ku, kuma (yana nufin) ku cika adadin kuma domin ku ɗaukaka girman Allah saboda shiryar da ku da kuma domin ku gode." [6]
Hajji (Hajji)
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Aikin Hajji aikin hajji ne na Musulunci na shekara-shekara zuwa Makka, Saudiyya,[7] birni mafi tsarki ga Musulmai, kuma aikin addini ne na wajibi ga Musulmai wanda dole ne dukkan Musulmai manya waɗanda ke da ƙarfin jiki da kuɗi su yi tafiyar kuma za su iya biyan bukatun iyalinsu a lokacin da ba sa nan. A cikin kalmomin Musulunci, aikin Hajji aikin hajji ne da ake yi zuwa Kaaba, 'Ɗakin Allah', a cikin birnin Makka mai tsarki da ke Saudiyya. Ayyukan Hajji suna farawa a ranar takwas kuma suna ƙarewa a ranar goma sha uku ga Dhu al-Hijjah, watan ƙarshe na kalandar Musulunci. Ihram shine sunan da aka ba wa yanayi na musamman na ruhaniya inda mahajjata ke sanya fararen zane biyu na zane mara sumul kuma suna guje wa wasu ayyuka.[8]
Aikin Hajji yana da alaƙa da rayuwar annabin Musulunci Muhammad tun daga ƙarni na 7, amma al'adar aikin hajji zuwa Makka ana ɗaukarta a matsayin ta koma baya ga dubban shekaru zuwa zamanin Ibrahim . A lokacin aikin Hajji, mahajjata suna haɗuwa da jerin gwanon dubban mutane, waɗanda a lokaci guda suka haɗu a Makka don makon aikin Hajji, kuma suna yin jerin ayyukan ibada: Kowane mutum yana tafiya a gefen agogo sau bakwai a kewayen Kaaba (ginin mai siffar kubu da kuma alkiblar addu'a ga Musulmai), yana tafiya a tsakanin tsaunukan Safa da Marwah, yana shan ruwa daga Rijiyar Zamzam, yana zuwa filayen Dutsen Arafat don tsayawa a tsaye, yana kwana ɗaya a filin Muzdalifah, kuma yana yin Jifan Shaidan ta hanyar jifa duwatsu a kan ginshiƙai uku. Bayan hadayar dabbarsu, ana buƙatar Mahajjata su aske kansu. Sannan suna bikin bikin Eid al-Adha na duniya na kwanaki uku.[9]
Zakkah (sadaka)
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cewar Chittick, tushen Zakka shine tsarki yana nufin mutane su tsarkake kadarorinsu ta hanyar biyan wani kaso daga ciki ga Allah. A takaice dai, an bayyana Zakka a matsayin kaso mai ƙayyadadden adadin kadarorin da mutum ya samu ko ribar da ya samu a shekarar da ake biya ga mabukata waɗanda Alƙur'ani ya siffanta su da talakawa, waɗanda ke karɓar zakka, waɗanda zukatansu za a sulhunta su da Musulunci, kamammu, waɗanda ke cikin bashi, waɗanda ke yaƙi domin Allah, da matafiya.
Kayan haɗi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Khums
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Khums, a cikin al'adar Shi'a ta Ja'fari, ana amfani da su ne ga ribar kasuwanci, ko rarar kuɗin shiga na kasuwanci. Ana biyan su ne a farkon shekarar kuɗi, kodayake ana ɗaukar wannan a matsayin lokacin da adadin ya bayyana. Ghanima da kashi ɗaya bisa biyar na harajin khums suna aiki duk inda aka sami riba ko riba. "Ghanima" yana da ma'anoni biyu kamar yadda aka ambata a sama; ma'ana ta biyu an kwatanta ta da amfani da kalmar bankin Musulunci "al-ghunm bil-ghurm" ma'ana "riba tana tare da alhaki don asara ko haɗari"[10][11]
A yankin Shi'a na ƙarni na 13, an raba khumusi zuwa kashi biyu. Kashi ɗaya ya tafi ga zuriyar Muhammadu, ɗayan kuma an raba shi daidai gwargwado, ɗayan kuma an ba wa Imam da malamai, yayin da ɗayan kuma ya tafi ga marayu da matalauta Musulmi. [12] Shahararren ra'ayin Faqih na zamani shine cewa ana amfani da rabon Imam (a lokacin Occultation (Musulunci) ) a fannonin da Marja' Taqlid ke da ilimi/shakku cewa idan Imami mara kuskure zai bayyana, zai yi amfani da shi ta waɗannan hanyoyin, kamar ƙarfafa Musulunci da Karatu, haɓaka Musulunci, gina masallatai a cikin yanayi masu mahimmanci, ɗakunan karatu da harkokin makarantu, kula da tsofaffi, da kuma duk albarkar al'amura bisa ga fifiko da mahimmancin addininsu. Khums ya zama babban tushen samun kuɗi da 'yancin kai na kuɗi na malamai a yankunan Shi'a. Wannan al'ada ta ci gaba a tsakanin Musulmai 'Yan Shi'a.
Jihadi (Gwagwarmaya)
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Jihadi a zahiri yana nufin Gwagwarmaya. A cikin mahallin Musulunci, yana iya nufin kusan duk wani ƙoƙari na daidaita rayuwar mutum da ta zamantakewa da jagorancin Allah, kamar gwagwarmaya da mugun nufin mutum, yin wa'azi, ko ƙoƙarin inganta ɗabi'un al'umma, kodayake galibi ana danganta shi da yaƙi. A cikin dokokin Musulunci na gargajiya, kalmar tana nufin yaƙi da makami da kafirai,[13] yayin da malaman Musulunci na zamani gabaɗaya ke danganta jihadi na soja da yaƙin kariya.
Umarni da alheri da kuma hani da mummuna
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Yin umurni da kyakkyawa da hani daga abin da aka ki ( Arabic ) muhimman bukatu guda biyu na Musulunci daga Alqur'ani, "kuna umarni da abin da ke daidai kuma kuna hana abin da ke muzanta", kuma ana ɗaukar su a matsayin ayyuka masu kyau wajen taimaka wa wasu su ɗauki hanya madaidaiciya da kuma guje wa ayyukan da ke muzanta.[14]
Tawalla
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Nuna soyayya ga annabi da gidan annabi Muhammad yana nufin an gabatar da Tawalla da Tabarra a matsayin nuna guje wa maƙiyan gidan annabi. Wannan doka tana da alaƙa da ƙalubalen zamantakewa, soja da siyasa. Bisa ga waɗannan ƙa'idodi guda biyu, haɗin kai yana kafuwa a cikin al'umma ta hanyar bin gaskiya, adalci, 'yanci, tsarki da kuma dakatar da marasa tsarki, masu zalunci, da marasa adalci.[15]
Tabarra
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Don rashin amincewa da maƙiyan Annabi Muhammadu da Ahlul-Bait.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- 1 2 "Practices in Islam". BBC News. Retrieved 16 July 2021. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "bbc" defined multiple times with different content. - ↑ "Islam Revision. Practices" (PDF). Whitworth Community High School. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 July 2021. Retrieved 16 July 2021.
- ↑ The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. "Pillars of Islam". Britannica.
- ↑ "True Islam - Number of Salat". True Islam - Number of Salat. Retrieved 2016-02-20.
- ↑ Rizvi, Sayyid Muhammad. "Fasting in Islam: An Overview". al-islam. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
- ↑ "Fasting in the Quran". Tanzil.
- ↑ Empty citation (help)
- ↑ "Ihram - Summary". Hajj Portal. Archived from the original on 21 July 2008. Retrieved 20 November 2013.
- ↑ "Eid ul Adha". BBC. 7 September 2009. Retrieved 30 December 2012.
- ↑ "Glossary of Islamic Banking Terms". Archived from the original on 2007-05-27. Retrieved 2019-01-14.
- ↑ "...Challenges Facing Islamic Banking by Ibrahim F I Shihata". Archived from the original on 2007-09-29. Retrieved 2019-01-14.
- ↑ John L. Esposito (2004), The Oxford Dictionary of Islam, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0195125597, p. 174
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named "OEIP". - ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named "GFQ". - ↑ Rizvi, Sayyid Athar Husayn S.H. (10 December 2012). "Philosophy of Islamic Laws". al-islam.