Wakilin siyasa na yanayi
 Wakilin siyasa na yanayi |
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Wakilin siyasa na yanayi shine manufar da kuma aikin bayar da matsayi na siyasa ko na hukuma ga ƙungiyoyi da ba na ɗan adam ba - kamar dabbobi, tsire-tsire, da yanayin halittu - a cikin tsarin mulki.[2] Wannan ra'ayi ya bunkasa don haɗa ƙungiyoyin halitta a cikin yanke shawara na siyasa, yana nuna muhawara game da tasirin shugabancin mutum a cikin kare muhalli.[3]
Abubuwan da ke tasowa, gami da juyin siyasa a cikin Ka'idojin muhalli da kuma juyin wakilci a cikin ka-Ka'idar siyasa, suna haifar da muhawara a wannan fagen. Bayan ci gaba a wakilcin shari'a don yanayin da ba na ɗan adam ba, kamar bayar da mutum na shari'a ga dabbobi, koguna da yanayin halittu, tattaunawar ta fadada don la'akari da yadda za'a iya wakiltar yanayi a cikin majalisa da bangarorin zartarwa na gwamnati.[4]
Tarihi da ka'idoji
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Masu tunani na farko, ciki har da Thomas Hobbes, sun tsara yanayi a tarihi a matsayin mai wucewa kuma ya rabu da al'ummar ɗan adam. Daga baya, masu ra'ayi irin su Bruno Latour sun gabatar da ra'ayoyi, kamar 'majalisa ta abubuwa', suna ba da shawarar cewa hanyoyin dimokuradiyya suna la'akari da 'yan wasan da ba na ɗan adam ba. An ambaci tsarin Latour a matsayin mai tasiri a cikin ka'idodin siyasa da ke magance batutuwan muhalli, yana jaddada haɗin gwiwar tsarin ɗan adam da muhalli.[5]
Tun daga farkon shekarun 2000, tsarin kamar Earth Jurisprudence da Rights of Nature sun kara rinjayar manufar wakilcin da ba na mutum ba. Wadannan tsarin suna ba da shawarar cewa yanayi yana da darajar da ta cancanci haƙƙin doka da ɗabi'a.[6] Ayyukan masu ilimin siyasa kamar Andrew Dobson, Robyn Eckersley, Robert Goodin, da John O'Neill sun ba da gudummawa ga wannan canjin. Sun ba da shawarar cewa mutane suna da alhakin ɗabi'a ga yanayi, suna ba da shawarar gore tsarin dimokuradiyya na iya canzawa don yin lissafin abubuwan da ba na ɗan adam ba.
Hanyoyin ma'aikata
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An gabatar da hanyoyin ma'aikata daban-daban kuma an aiwatar da su don haɗa ƙungiyoyi da tsarin halittu marasa mutunci a cikin hanyoyin yanke shawara na siyasa.
An ba da shawarar Sauye-sauyen zabe kamar wakilci na daidaito da rage ƙofofin zaɓe don sauƙaƙe shigar jam'iyyun kore a cikin majalisun. Wadannan canje-canje na iya taimakawa wajen kara tasirin siyasa na jam'iyyun da aka sadaukar da su ga kare muhalli, kara fadada wakilcin yanayi a cikin mulki.[4]
Shirye-shiryen shawarwari, irin su tarurrukan 'yan ƙasa da ƙananan jama'a, suna shiga cikin' yan ƙasa da aka zaɓa ba zato ba tsammani a cikin tattaunawar da aka tsara game da batutuwan muhalli, suna ba da dandamali don abubuwan da ba na ɗan adam ba don a haɗa su cikin tattaunawar siyasa. Duk da yake waɗannan ƙungiyoyi galibi ba su da ikon yanke shawara na yau da kullun, suna iya rinjayar manufofi ta hanyar kai tsaye ta hanyar sanar da 'yan majalisa.[4]
Wakilin siyasa na yanayi a aikace
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Misalan wakilcin da ba na ɗan adam ba sun wanzu a ƙasashe da yawa.[7] A cewar Eco Jurisprudence Monitor, tun daga watan Agustan shekarar 2025, akwai dokoki 589 da suka kafa gabatarwar siyasa ba ta mutum ba.[8][9][10] Duk da haka, akwai wasu nau'ikan wakilcin siyasa.
A New Zealand, Kwamishinan Majalisar Dokoki na Muhalli yana sa ido kan batutuwan muhalli. Wannan ofishin yana gudanar da bincike, sake dubawa, da rahotanni game da yanayin muhalli kuma yana kimanta tasirin manufofin gwamnati. Matsayinta an yi niyya ne don tallafawa nuna gaskiya da lissafi a cikin mulkin muhalli.[11][12]
Kwamishinan Turai na Lafiya da Kula da Lafiyar Dabbobi yana sabunta ka'idojin jin dadin dabbobi a cikin Tarayyar Turai. Matsayin kuma yana inganta tsarin One Health, wanda ke gane dogaro da mutane, dabbobi, tsire-tsire, da kuma yanayin da suka raba.[13][14]
A Wales, Kwamishinan Zamani na gaba yana tabbatar da cewa ana la'akari da bukatun tsararraki masu zuwa a cikin yin manufofi. Ofishin yana kimanta tasirin dogon lokaci na manufofi na yanzu kuma yana inganta ayyukan ci gaba mai ɗorewa da nufin kare lafiyar ɗan adam da muhalli.[15][16]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "The Planetary Democrats". Resurgence & Ecologist (in Turanci). Retrieved 2025-06-20.
- ↑ André Missing or empty
|title=(help) - ↑ André Missing or empty
|title=(help) - ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Magaña, Pablo (2022-10-07). "The Political Representation of Nonhuman Animals". Social Theory and Practice. 48 (4): 665–690. doi:10.5840/soctheorpract2022811171. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":1" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Brown, Mark B. (2018-02-15). "Speaking for Nature: Hobbes, Latour, and the Democratic Representation of Nonhumans". Science & Technology Studies. 31 (1): 31–51. doi:10.23987/sts.60525. ISSN 2243-4690.
- ↑ Timothy W. Missing or empty
|title=(help) - ↑ Lawrence, Peter (November 2022). "Justifying Representation of Future Generations and Nature: Contradictory or Mutually Supporting Values?". Transnational Environmental Law. 11 (3): 553–579. Bibcode:2022TELaw..11..553L. doi:10.1017/S2047102522000176. ISSN 2047-1025.
- ↑ "Eco Jurisprudence Monitor". Eco Jurisprudence Monitor (in Turanci). Retrieved 2025-08-02.
- ↑ Putzer, Alex; Lambooy, Tineke; Jeurissen, Ronald; Kim, Eunsu (2022-01-01). "Putting the rights of nature on the map. A quantitative analysis of rights of nature initiatives across the world". Journal of Maps. 18 (1): 89–96. doi:10.1080/17445647.2022.2079432.
- ↑ Putzer, Alex; Cook, John; Pollock, Ben (2025-12-31). "Putting the rights of nature on the map. A quantitative analysis of rights of nature initiatives across the world – Second Edition". Journal of Maps. 21 (1): 2440376. doi:10.1080/17445647.2024.2440376.
- ↑ "Functions and powers". Parliamentary Commissioner of Environment. Retrieved 2024-09-18.
- ↑ Diaz-Rainey, Ivan (2019-03-28). "NZ's environmental watchdog challenges climate policy on farm emissions and forestry offsets". The Conversation. Retrieved 2024-09-18.
- ↑ "Mission Letter" (PDF). Retrieved 2024-09-18.
- ↑ "Err … him?! EU's new animal welfare chief yet to win hearts and minds". POLITICO. 2024-09-17. Retrieved 2024-09-18.
- ↑ "Future Generations Commissioner for Wales – The Future Generations Commissioner for Wales". www.futuregenerations.wales. Retrieved 2024-09-18.
- ↑ "What does 'longtermism' mean to you?". Independent.co.uk. Retrieved 2024-09-18.