Walter Mondale
Walter Frederick " Fritz " Mondale (Janairu 5, 1928) – Afrilu 19, 2021) ɗan siyasa ne ɗan Amurka wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin shugaban ƙasa na 42 a Amurka daga 1977 zuwa 1981 a ƙarƙashin Shugaba Jimmy Carter . Ya kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat, ya wakilci Minnesota a Majalisar Dattawan Amurka daga 1964 zuwa 1976, kuma shi ne ɗan takarar Democrat a zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na 1984 .
An haifi Mondale a ƙaramar ƙaramar hukumar Ceylon, Minnesota, kuma ya kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar Minnesota a shekarar 1951 bayan ya halarci Kwalejin Macalester . Daga nan ya yi aiki a rundunar sojojin Amurka a lokacin Yaƙin Koriya kafin ya sami digirin lauya a shekarar 1956. Ya auri Joan Mondale a shekarar 1955. A matsayin lauya a Minneapolis, Gwamna Orville Freeman ya naɗa Mondale a matsayin Babban Lauyan Minnesota a shekarar 1960, kuma Gwamna Karl Rolvaag ya zaɓe shi a matsayin cikakken babban Lauyan a shekarar 1962 da kashi 60% na ƙuri'un da aka kaɗa. Gwamna Karl Rolvaag ne ya naɗa shi a Majalisar Dattawan Amurka bayan murabus ɗin Sanata Hubert Humphrey bayan zaɓen Humphrey a matsayin mataimakin shugaban ƙasa a shekarar 1964. An zaɓe Mondale zuwa cikakken wa'adin Majalisar Dattawa a shekarar 1966 kuma aka sake zaɓensa a shekarar 1972, ya yi murabus a shekarar 1976 yayin da yake shirin maye gurbin mataimakin shugaban ƙasa a shekarar 1977. Yayin da yake Majalisar Dattawa, ya goyi bayan kare haƙƙin masu amfani, gidaje masu adalci, gyaran haraji, da kuma raba makarantu ; ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Cocin .
A shekarar 1976, Jimmy Carter, ɗan takarar shugaban ƙasa na jam'iyyar Democrat, ya zaɓi Mondale a matsayin mataimakinsa na mataimakin shugaban ƙasa. Tikitin Carter-Mondale ya kayar da ɗan takarar jam'iyyar Republican na shugaban ƙasa mai ci Gerald Ford da abokin takararsa Bob Dole . Tattalin arziki ya tabarbare a lokacin da Carter da Mondale ke kan mulki, kuma sun sha kaye a zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na 1980 a wani gagarumin rinjaye ga 'yan Republican Ronald Reagan da George HW Bush . A shekarar 1984, Mondale ya lashe zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ya yi fafutukar dakatar da makaman nukiliya, Kwaskwarimar Daidaito Haƙƙoƙi, ƙara haraji, da kuma rage basussukan jama'a na Amurka . Ɗan takarar mataimakin shugaban ƙasa na jam'iyyarsa, wakiliyar Amurka Geraldine Ferraro daga New York, ita ce mace ta farko da ta tsaya takarar mataimakiyar shugaban ƙasa a kowace babbar jam'iyya a tarihin Amurka. Mondale da Ferraro sun sha kaye a zaɓen ga Reagan da Bush masu ci, inda Reagan ya lashe jihohi 49, yayin da Mondale ke ɗauke da jiharsa ta asali wato Minnesota da Washington, DC kawai.
Bayan shan kaye, Mondale ya shiga kamfanin lauyoyi na Dorsey & Whitney da ke Minnesota da kuma National Democratic Institute (1986–1993). Shugaba Bill Clinton ya nada jakadan Amurka na Mondale a Japan a shekarar 1993; ya yi ritaya daga wannan mukamin a shekarar 1996. [1] A shekarar 2002, Mondale ya zama dan takarar jam'iyyar Democrat-Manoma-Labour ta Minnesota a cikin mintuna na karshe don tsayawa takarar Sanata bayan da dan majalisar dattawan Amurka na Democrat Paul Wellstone ya mutu a hatsarin jirgin sama kasa da makonni biyu kafin zaben. Mondale ya sha kaye a zaben ga magajin garin Saint Paul, Minnesota Norm Coleman . Daga nan ya koma aiki a Dorsey & Whitney kuma ya ci gaba da aiki a jam'iyyar Democrat. Daga baya Mondale ya dauki aikin koyarwa na ɗan lokaci a Makarantar Humphrey ta Jami'ar Minnesota. [2] Ya mutu a shekarar 2021 sakamakon dalilai na halitta .
Rayuwa ta farko
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Walter Frederick Mondale a ranar 5 ga Janairu, 1928, a Ceylon, Minnesota, [3] ga Theodore Sigvaard Mondale, wani firist na Methodist, da matarsa ta biyu Claribel Hope (née Cowan), malamin kiɗa na ɗan lokaci. [4] Mondale yana da cikakkun 'yan'uwa biyu, Clarence, (wanda aka sani da Pete) da William (wanda aka sani da Mort). Ɗan'uwansu Lester Mondale ya zama ministan Unitarian . Kakanni na uba na 'yan'uwan baƙi ne na Norway, tare da wasu zuri'un Jamusawa na nesa, [5] kuma kakan su na uba Frederik Mundal ya yi ƙaura daga Norway tare da iyalinsa a 1856, daga ƙarshe ya zauna a kudancin Minnesota a 1864. Sunan mahaifi "Mondale" an fassara shi zuwa Amurka daga na Mundal, wani kwari da ƙauye a yankin Fjærland na Norway. [6] An haifi mahaifiyarsa a Iowa, 'yar wani uba mai ƙaura, Robert Cowan, wanda aka haifa a Seaforth, Ontario ; Asalinta ɗan asalin Scotland ne kuma ɗan Ingila . [7]
A lokacin ƙuruciyarsa, iyalan Mondale sun yi tunanin cewa sunayen "Walter" da "Frederick" sun fi kama da na yara, don haka suka kira shi " Fritz ", wani nau'in Jamusanci da Scandinavian da aka saba amfani da shi na Friedrich ko Frederick. Saboda Babban Mawuyacin Halin Da Ake Ciki, Mondale ya girma cikin talauci. Iyalinsa sun ƙaura daga Ceylon zuwa Heron Lake a 1934, kuma zuwa Elmore a 1937. A tsawon ƙuruciyarsa, Mondale ya sami tasiri sosai daga imanin mahaifinsa, gami da goyon bayan ƙungiyar kare haƙƙin jama'a. A 1948, mahaifinsa ya mutu sakamakon bugun jini. Mondale ya halarci makarantun gwamnati sannan ya halarci Kwalejin Macalester na tsawon shekaru biyu kafin ya koma Jami'ar Minnesota, inda ya kammala karatunsa da digirin farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa a 1951. [8]
Ganin cewa Mondale ba zai iya biyan kuɗin makarantar lauya ba, ya shiga aikin soja a Amurka a shekarar 1951, jim kaɗan bayan kammala karatunsa. Ya yi aiki da rundunar soji ta 3rd Armiled Artillery a Fort Knox, Kentucky, a lokacin Yaƙin Koriya, da farko a matsayin ma'aikacin motocin leƙen asiri, daga baya kuma a matsayin ƙwararre a shirye-shiryen ilimi kuma mataimakin editan wasiƙar jaridar sashin, Tanker's Dust . [9] Ya kai matsayin kofur kuma an sallame shi a shekarar 1953. [9] Mondale ya yi rajista a Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Minnesota, tare da taimakon GI Bill, kuma ya kammala karatun digiri na farko a fannin Shari'a a shekarar 1956. A makarantar lauya, ya yi aiki a Minnesota Law Review da kuma magatakardar shari'a ga Alkali Thomas F. Gallagher na Kotun Koli ta Minnesota . A shekarar 1955, Mondale ya auri Joan Adams, wacce ya haɗu da ita a ranar da ba ta yi aure ba. Daga nan ya yi aikin lauya a Minneapolis na tsawon shekaru huɗu kafin ya shiga siyasa.
Shiga siyasa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Mondale ya shiga harkokin siyasa a ƙasar a shekarun 1940. Yana da shekaru 20, ya bayyana a siyasar Minnesota ta hanyar taimakawa wajen shirya yakin neman zaben Hubert Humphrey na Majalisar Dattawa a shekarar 1948. Yaƙin neman zaɓen Humphrey ya sanya Mondale ta mamaye gundumar Republican ta 2 mai ƙarfi. Mondale, wanda ya girma a yankin, ya sami damar lashe gundumar don Humphrey da ɗan ƙaramin rinjaye. Bayan ya yi aiki da Humphrey, Mondale ya ci gaba da yin aiki a kan kamfen da dama na Orville Freeman. Mondale ya yi aiki a kan yakin neman zaɓen gwamna na Freeman a shekarar 1952 wanda bai yi nasara ba da kuma yakin neman zaɓensa na nasara a shekarar 1954 da kuma yakin neman zaɓensa na sake zaɓe a shekarar 1958. A shekarar 1960, Freeman ya naɗa Mondale Babban Lauyan Minnesota bayan murabus ɗin Miles Lord . A lokacin da aka naɗa shi, Mondale yana da shekaru 32 kuma yana aikin lauya tsawon shekaru huɗu. An zaɓe shi a matsayin wanda ya cancanta a shekarar 1962. [10]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project Ambassador Walter F. Mondale" (PDF). Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training. 27 April 2004. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 July 2024. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
- ↑ "Up Close with Walter Mondale". University of Minnesota Foundation. University of Minnesota. Archived from the original on November 6, 2015. Retrieved May 2, 2016.
- ↑ "The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project Ambassador Walter F. Mondale" (PDF). Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training. 27 April 2004. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 July 2024. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
- ↑ "Up Close with Walter Mondale". University of Minnesota Foundation. University of Minnesota. Archived from the original on November 6, 2015. Retrieved May 2, 2016.
- ↑ "Jimmy Carter". American Experience. PBS. Archived from the original on September 12, 2009. Retrieved July 20, 2010.
- ↑ Weisman, Steven R. (April 20, 2021). "Walter Mondale, Ex-Vice President and Champion of Liberal Politics, Dies at 93". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 20, 2021. Retrieved April 20, 2021.
- ↑ "Ancestry of Walter Mondale". Wargs.com. Archived from the original on February 15, 2012. Retrieved February 20, 2012.
- ↑ "Mondale, Walter Frederick, (1928 – )". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved August 11, 2011.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedYearbook - ↑ "Up Close with Walter Mondale". University of Minnesota Foundation. University of Minnesota. Archived from the original on November 6, 2015. Retrieved May 2, 2016.