Wanda Jean Allen

Wanda Jean Allen
Rayuwa
Haihuwa	Tarayyar Amurka, 17 ga Augusta, 1959
ƙasa	Tarayyar Amurka
Mutuwa	McAlester (en) , 11 ga Janairu, 2001
Makwanci	Oklahoma City (en)
Yanayin mutuwa	hukuncin kisa
Sana'a
Sana'a	criminal (en)

An yanke wa Wanda Jean Allen (Agusta 17, 1959 - Janairu 11, 2001) hukuncin kisa a shekarar 1989 saboda kisan Gloria Jean Leathers, mai shekaru 29, budurwarta ta daɗe, a birnin Oklahoma . A shekarar 2001, Allen ita ce mace bakar fata ta farko da aka kashe a Amurka tun 1954. Ita ce mace ta shida da aka kashe tun 1977, bayan da aka ci gaba da aiwatar da hukuncin kisa a Amurka.

Mai shirya fina-finai Liz Garbus ta yi aiki tare da Allen don rubuta tarihin roƙonta na ƙarshe da kuma watanni uku na ƙarshe na rayuwarta. Waɗannan su ne tushen shirin gaskiya mai suna The Execution of Wanda Jean (2002).

Bayani

An haifi Wanda Jean Allen a ranar 17 ga Agusta, 1959, ita ce ta biyu a cikin 'ya'ya takwas. Mahaifiyarta mashayi ce; mahaifinta ya bar gida bayan an haifi ɗan'uwan Wanda na ƙarshe. Iyalin suna zaune a gidajen gwamnati kuma suna neman taimakon jama'a .

A lokacin da take da shekaru 12, wata babbar mota ta buge Allen ta suma . Tana da shekaru 14 ko 15, an daba mata wuka a gefen hagu. Gwaji bayan haka ya gano cewa ikon Allen ya ragu sosai kuma IQ ɗinta yana da shekaru 69. Haka kuma yana da mahimmanci lalacewar da ta haifar da lalacewar ɓangaren hagu na kwakwalwarta: wannan ya lalata fahimtarta, ikonta na bayyana kanta da kyau, da kuma ikonta na nazarin alaƙar dalili da sakamako . Masu bincike sun kammala da cewa Allen ta fi sauran rauni a tsawon lokaci don ta zama mara tsari saboda damuwa ta yau da kullun, don haka ta fi saurin kamuwa da rashin iko a ƙarƙashin damuwa.

Tana da shekaru 17, ta daina karatun sakandare.

Mutuwar Dedra Pettus

A shekarar 1981, Allen yana zaune a wani gida tare da Dedra Pettus, wata abokiyarsa tun tana ƙarama. Sun shiga cikin wata dangantaka ta 'yan madigo. A ranar 29 ga Yuni, 1981, sun shiga wata jayayya, kuma Allen ya harbe Pettus ya kashe shi.

A cikin ikirari nata na 1981, Allen ta bayyana cewa ta harbi Pettus da gangan daga nisan ƙafa 30 yayin da take mayar da martani ga saurayin Pettus. Duk da haka, shaidar binciken kwakwaf ba ta yi daidai da labarin Allen ba. Musamman ma, wani ƙwararre a fannin 'yan sanda ya yi imanin cewa raunuka da ƙonewar foda a jikin Pettus sun nuna cewa Allen ya yi mata bulala da bindiga, sannan ya harbe ta a wani wuri da babu kowa . Amma, masu gabatar da ƙara sun yanke yarjejeniya da Allen, kuma ta sami hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru huɗu a madadin amsa laifinta na kisan kai . Ta yi shekaru biyu a gidan yari.

An binne Pettus a makabartar Trice Hill da ke Oklahoma City, Oklahoma .

Gloria Jean Leathers

A shekarar 1988, Allen tana zaune da Gloria Jean Leathers, budurwarta, a birnin Oklahoma. Su biyun sun haɗu a gidan yari; suna da dangantaka mai cike da rikici da tashin hankali.

A ranar 2 ga Disamba, 1988, Leathers da Allen sun shiga cikin takaddama a wani shagon kayan abinci. Wani jami'in 'yan sandan birni ya raka matan biyu zuwa gidansu kuma ya tsaya a wurin yayin da Leathers ke tattara kayanta. Kafin Leathers ta bar gidan, Allen ta roƙe ta "ta zauna ta yi ƙoƙarin magance matsalolinsu." Lokacin da Allen ta bi Leathers zuwa motarta, Leathers ta ɗauki rake na lambu, ta buge Allen a fuska da shi. Leathers da mahaifiyarta suka tafi suka tuka mota zuwa ofishin 'yan sanda na Oklahoma City don shigar da ƙara a kan Allen.

Allen ta bi su, daga baya ta yi iƙirarin cewa tana ƙoƙarin hana Leathers barin ta. Lokacin da Allen ta kusanci Leathers a filin ajiye motoci, ta ga Leathers har yanzu tana da rake. Allen ta koma motarta, ta ɗauki bindiga, kuma, lokacin da ta ga Leathers tana kusa, ta harba bindiga ɗaya wadda ta raunata Leathers sosai. Mahaifiyar Leathers ta shaida harbin. Jami'an 'yan sanda biyu da wani mai aika saƙo a ofishin sun ji harbin, amma babu wani ma'aikacin sashen 'yan sanda da ya shaida harbin. Daga baya 'yan sanda sun gano bindiga mai nauyin .38 -caliber kusa da gidan matan. Sun yi imanin an yi amfani da ita wajen harbin. Leathers ta mutu sakamakon raunin kwana uku bayan haka, a ranar 5 ga Disamba, 1988.

An binne Leathers a makabartar Green Acres Memorial Gardens, da ke Sperry, Oklahoma .

Gwaji

Jihar ta tuhumi Allen da laifin kisan kai na farko kuma ta sanar da cewa za ta nemi hukuncin kisa . Shaidar da ke nuna cewa Leathers tana da tarihin aikata laifukan tashin hankali, kuma ta daba wa wata mata wuka har lahira a Tulsa, Oklahoma a shekarar 1979, ita ce ginshiƙin hujjar kare kanta da Allen ta gabatar a shari'arta. Allen ta shaida cewa tana jin tsoron Leathers saboda alfaharinta game da kisan da aka yi a shekarar 1979. Masu kare sun nemi tabbatar da wannan ikirarin da shaidar mahaifiyar Leathers, wadda Leathers ta shaida game da daba wa mutum wuka. Amma, masu gabatar da kara sun yi adawa da hakan. Kotun ta hana gabatar da irin wannan shaidar saboda an dauke ta a matsayin jita-jita.

Mai gabatar da ƙara ya kwatanta Allen a matsayin maƙaryaciya marar nadama. Masu shari'a sun same ta da laifin kisan kai na mataki na farko kuma sun yanke mata hukuncin kisa.

A lokacin hukuncin, masu gabatar da kara sun yi jayayya cewa ya kamata a yanke wa Allen hukuncin kisa saboda an taba yanke mata hukuncin kisa da ya shafi amfani da ko barazanar tashin hankali; cewa ita barazana ce ga al'umma; kuma ta aikata kisan ne don gujewa kamawa ko gurfanar da ita. Masu yanke hukunci sun gano cewa akwai yanayi biyu na farko masu tayar da hankali a shari'ar Allen.

Kare kanta ya gabatar da yanayi da dama da suka rage mata radadi, ciki har da kyakkyawar dangantaka da iyalinta, kyawawan halaye na aiki, da kuma tsoronta ga wanda aka zalunta.

A matakin yanke hukunci, masu gabatar da kara sun samo bayanai game da yanayin mutuwar Dedra Pettus, har ma sun kwatanta wannan laifin da ya gabata da mutuwar Leathers.

A cikin wata takardar rantsuwa ta 1991, lauyan da ke kare Allen, David Presson, ya bayyana cewa bayan shari'ar, ya gano cewa lokacin da Allen ke da shekaru 15, an auna IQ ɗinta a 69, wanda hakan ya sanya ta "a cikin iyakar da aka ƙayyade na raunin hankali", a cewar masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam wanda ya yi mata nazari. Bugu da ƙari, wani likita mai bincike ya ba da shawarar a yi mata gwajin jijiyoyi saboda ta nuna alamun lalacewar kwakwalwa . Lauyan ya ce, "Ban nemi wani bayanan likita ko na tunani ba ko kuma na nemi taimakon ƙwararru don amfani da su a shari'ar."

Wani masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam ya gudanar da cikakken bincike kan Allen a shekarar 1995 kuma ya sami hujjoji bayyanannu da gamsarwa na ƙarancin fahimta da motsin ji da kuma matsalar kwakwalwa, wataƙila yana da alaƙa da raunin kai na matashi.

Daga cikin mambobi biyar na Hukumar Afuwa da Afuwa ta Oklahoma, Gwamna Frank Keating ya naɗa uku.

Keating ya yi la'akari da bai wa Allen damar tsayawa takara bisa ga wata matsala mai tsauri ta ko Hukumar Afuwa da Afuwa ta Oklahoma tana da isassun bayanai game da iliminta. Lauyoyin Allen sun nuna maki nata, 69, a gwajin IQ da ta yi a shekarun 1970, suna masu jayayya cewa tana cikin yanayin nakasa ta hankali.

Masu gabatar da kara sun ce Allen ta shaida a lokacin shari'arta cewa ta kammala karatunta daga makarantar sakandare kuma ta sami takardar shaidar mataimakiyar likita daga wata kwaleji. Amma sun yi hakan ne a lokacin da ake yanke mata hukunci. ya ce, a gaskiya ma, Allen ya bar makarantar sakandare yana da shekaru 16 kuma bai taɓa kammala aikin kwas a shirin taimakon likita ba.

Aiwatarwa

Allen ta shafe shekaru 12 a kan shari'ar kisa . An ƙi amincewa da buƙatarta ta neman afuwa .

A lokacin da take kurkuku, ta zama Kirista da aka sake haifa . An ambato Rabaran Robin Meyers, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba Allen shawara kan ruhaniya, yana cewa,

I always suspected that Wanda's renunciation of lesbianism had more to do with helping to revamp herself in the most palatable way for her clemency and appeal processes. She knew perfectly well that her being a lesbian was a big strike against her and that it's an embarrassment in the black community. She was going to play the best hand that she could play at the very end.

An kashe Allen ta hanyar allurar kisa a ranar Alhamis, 11 ga Janairu, 2001 a gidan yarin Oklahoma da ke McAlester . 'Yan uwa ashirin da huɗu na wanda aka kashe Gloria Leathers da wanda aka kashe Dedra Pettus sun yi tafiya zuwa can don aiwatar da hukuncin kisa. Da yawa daga cikinsu sun kalli hukuncin kisa daga bayan taga mai launin shuɗi. Yayin da take kwance a kan wurin yanke hukunci, Allen ta ce, "Baba, ka yafe musu. Ba su san abin da suke yi ba." Ta kuma fitar da harshenta ta yi wa lauyanta mai ƙara, David Presson, wanda ya zama abokinta murmushi. Ya ce tana "rawa a kan katifa, yayin da suke ƙoƙarin kashe ta." An tabbatar da mutuwarta da ƙarfe 9:21 na dare. pm 'Yan uwan Leathers sun bayyana cewa hukuncin ya ba su "rufewa".

An binne ta a makabartar Trice Hill da ke Oklahoma City.

Duba kuma

 

• Hukuncin kisa a Oklahoma
• Hukuncin kisa a Amurka
• Jerin mutanen da aka kashe a Oklahoma
• Jerin mutanen da aka kashe a Amurka a shekarar 2001
• Jerin matan da aka kashe a Amurka tun shekarar 1976

Ƙarin karatu

• Julie Salamon. Kisan Wanda Jean (2002) . Jaridar New York Times . An dawo da shi a ranar 2007-11-11.
• Dimitra Kessenides. Kisan Wanda Jean . Salon.com (2002-03-18). An dawo da shi a ranar 2007-11-11.
• Adam Buckley Cohen. Wacece Wanda Jean? - bakar mace da aka kashe a Amurka . Mai Shari'a (2001-03-13). An samo shi a ranar 2007-11-11.
• Amurka: Hukuncin kisa / Damuwa ta shari'a - Wanda Jean Allen . Amnesty International (2000-11-17). An dawo da shi a ranar 2007-11-11.
• An kashe Wanda Jean Allen . USA Today (2001-01-12). An dawo da shi a ranar 2007-11-11.
• Wanda Jean Allen . Lauyan Mai Gabatar da Kara na Gundumar Clark . An dawo da shi a ranar 2007-11-11.
• Wanda Jean Allen v Jihar Oklahoma Ɗaukaka Ƙara Kai Tsaye Allen v. Jihar, 871 P. 2d 79 - Okla: Kotun Ɗaukaka Ƙara ta Laifuka 1994. An dawo da shi 2010-04-13