Wasannin Paralympics na bazara na 2000

Wasannin Paralympics na bazara na 2000
Wasannin Paralympic na bazara da recurring sporting event edition (en)
Bayanai
Wasa	Wasanni masu tsalle-tsalle
Ƙasa	Asturaliya
Mabiyi	1996 Summer Paralympics (en)
Ta biyo baya	2004 Summer Paralympics (en)
Edition number (en)	11
Kwanan wata	Oktoba 2000
Lokacin farawa	18 Oktoba 2000
Lokacin gamawa	29 Oktoba 2000
Officially opened by (en)	William Deane (en)
Oath made by (en)	Tracey Cross (en)
Torch lit by (en)	Louise Sauvage (en)
Mascot (en)	Lizzie (en)
Shafin yanar gizo	paralympic.org…
Wuri
33°50′50″S 151°03′48″E

An gudanar da wasannin Olympics na nakasassu na bazara na 2000 ko kuma wasannin Olympics na bazara na XI a Sydney, New South Wales, Ostiraliya, tsakanin 18 zuwa 29 ga Oktoba. Taron Paralympics na Sydney shine karo na ƙarshe da Kwamitin Shirya Wasannin Paralympics na lokacin bazara guda biyu suka shirya. A cikin wannan bugu, 'yan wasa 3,801 daga Kwamitin Wasannin Paralympic na Ƙasa 123 sun halarci wasanni 551 a wasanni 19. Gasar wasannin Olympics ta bazara ta 2000 ita ce ta biyu mafi girma a wasanni har zuwa wannan ranar da aka gudanar a Ostiraliya da kuma Kudancin Duniya. Sydney ita ce birni na takwas da ta karɓi baƙuncin wasannin Olympics da na Paralympic tare. Duk da haka, shi ne karo na huɗu da suka haɗa kai wajen shirya dukkan wasannin biyu tare da haɗin gwiwa da gasar Olympics. Wannan bugu shi ne karo na farko da aka gudanar da gasar Paralympics a Ostiraliya da Oceania.

Lizzie, ƙadangare mai wuyan gaske, ta lashe gasar Olympics ta 2000.

Tsarin tayin birnin mai masaukin baki

Tarihin tarihi da canje-canje ga zaɓin birnin mai masaukin baki

Kafin Kwamitin Wasannin Paralympic na Duniya ya fara aiki gaba ɗaya a shekarar 1993, an zaɓi biranen da za su karɓi bakuncin wasannin Olympics da Paralympic ta hanyoyi daban-daban, inda birane ke gabatar da tayin kansu don kowane taron.

Bayan ƙalubalen da suka shafi gasar Paralympics ta bazara ta 1992 (wanda Barcelona da Madrid suka raba) da kuma batutuwan da suka yi barazana ga gasar Paralympics ta bazara ta 1996, Kwamitin Olympics na Duniya (IOC) ya sauya tsarin zaɓen biranen da ya karɓi baƙuncinsu. Hukumar IOC ta fara tilasta wa birane da ke neman shiga gasar Olympics su haɗa da shirye-shiryensu na karɓar bakuncin gasar Olympics ta Paralympic . Tun daga gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2000, IOC ta ba da umarnin a shirya dukkan wasannin biyu a ƙarƙashin tsari ɗaya, kodayake ba a aiwatar da wannan tsari mai haɗin kai gaba ɗaya ba sai a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2008 a Beijing . Sydney ita ce birni na ƙarshe da ta gabatar da tayin daban-daban na Gasar Olympics da Paralympic .

Tsarin farko na IPC da kuma kwarewar Atlanta

Bayan nasarar gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1992, an rusa Kwamitin Daidaito na Duniya kan Wasannin Nakasassu (ICC) a watan Fabrairun 1993. Kwamitin Wasannin Paralympic na Duniya (IPC) ya fara aikinsa a wata mai zuwa. Hukumar IPC ta riga ta fara aiki kuma ta zaɓi biranen da za su karɓi bakuncin wasannin hunturu na 1994 da 1998 da kuma wasannin bazara na 1996.

An gudanar da gasar Olympics ta hunturu ta 1994 a Lillehammer ba tare da an samu rahotannin manyan abubuwan da suka faru ba. Sabanin haka, gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1996 a Atlanta ta fuskanci ƙalubalen ƙungiyoyi. Rashin daidaito tsakanin masu shirya gasar Olympics da ta Paralympic ya haifar da tabarbarewar sadarwa, rikice-rikice, da kuma takaddamar shari'a. Wannan ya bambanta da Barcelona, inda kwamiti ɗaya ya tsara dukkan abubuwan da suka faru.

Matsalolin da suka faru a Atlanta sun tsara tsarin da IPC za ta bi wajen zaɓen biranen da za su karɓi baƙuncin nan gaba. A matsayinta na wata cibiya da aka kafa kwanan nan wadda ke da ƙarancin tasirin siyasa, IPC ba ta da ƙarfin yin shawarwari kai tsaye da masu shirya gasar Olympics. IOC ta shiga tsakani ta hanyar tilasta wa biranen da ke neman shiga gasar Olympics su saka shirye-shiryensu na gasar Olympics a cikin tambayoyin neman shiga gasar; biranen da suka kasa bayar da amsoshi masu kyau za a iya cire su daga la'akari.

Wannan sauyi, wanda aka aiwatar don Gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2000, wasu birane ba su yi tsammani ba. Biranen da ke neman tayin sun sami ƙarin lokacin kimantawa don daidaita sabbin buƙatun. A bisa sakamakon tantancewa na farko na IOC, dukkan biranen biyar da suka zo na ƙarshe sun sami damar ɗaukar nauyin wasannin, inda Sydney da Beijing suka sami ɗan nasara a shirye-shiryen fasaha, kayayyakin more rayuwa, da kuma hangen nesa gaba ɗaya.

Tsarin neman shiga gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2000

Duk da sabbin buƙatun IOC, IPC ba ta da ikon kaɗa ƙuri'a a tsarin zaɓen birnin da za a yi amfani da shi don gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2000; ana iya yin shawara da shi ne kawai. Bayan birane uku sun janye, sai aka ci gaba da samun 'yan wasa biyar da suka kai zagayen ƙarshe. IOC ta aika ayyukanta zuwa IPC don yin nazari.

A cikin kimantawar farko da ta yi a farkon shekarar 1993, IPC ta gano tayin shiga gasar Paralympics guda huɗu: Beijing, Manchester, Sydney, da Berlin, a matsayin waɗanda za su iya shiga gasar Paralympics. An kawar da Istanbul .

Beijing, Manchester, da Berlin sun gabatar da shawarwarin haɗakar wasannin Olympics-Paralympic. Da farko Sydney ta gabatar da tayin daban, ta hanyar amfani da tsarin samar da kuɗi mai zaman kansa kamar Los Angeles (1984) da Atlanta (1996) . Matsin lamba daga jama'a da siyasa daga baya ya haifar da sauyi zuwa ga haɗin gwiwa tsakanin gwamnati da kamfanoni masu zaman kansu . Dokar Ostiraliya ta hana haɗa kwamitocin neman shiga gasar Olympics da ta Paralympic har sai da aka kafa dokar yin dokoki a shekarar 1995. A wannan lokacin, kwamitin wasannin Olympics ya taimaka wa sabon kwamitin wasannin Olympics na Australiya wajen shirya wani tsari mai sauƙi na wasannin Olympics na Paralympic, wanda aka gabatar wa IPC a watan Satumba na 1993.

Sauran tayin sun fuskanci ƙalubale daban-daban. Beijing tana da rashin tabbas na siyasa da na dabaru; Manchester ba ta da ingantaccen tallafin kuɗi da kayayyakin more rayuwa; Berlin ta fuskanci matsaloli da suka shafi matsalolin bayan sake haɗewa . Shawarar Sydney, duk da cewa ta fi ƙaranci a fannin, ta sami goyon bayan gwamnati da kuma goyon bayan jama'a. Kwamitin wasannin Olympics na ƙasa 94, waɗanda a lokacin suke cikin IPC, ne suka zaɓe ta da cikakken goyon baya don karɓar baƙuncin wasannin Olympics na bazara na 2000.

Jinkiri da tsare-tsare na gaggawa

Ba a iya sanar da shawarar IPC nan take ba, domin kuwa wataƙila ta kawo cikas ga tsarin zaɓen IOC na birnin da zai karɓi baƙuncin gasar Olympics. An ɓoye shawarar tsawon watanni da dama har sai an kammala gasar Olympics.

Wani batu kuma shi ne rashin ingantattun garantin kuɗi ga Wasannin Paralympic, wanda har yanzu ba a warware shi ba har sai watanni kafin taron. Domin biyan kuɗaɗen da aka kashe, masu shirya gasar sun sanya wa 'yan wasa kuɗin yin rijista, wani mataki da ba a taɓa ganin irinsa ba. Wasu Kwamitocin Gasar Olympics ta Ƙasa, musamman a ƙasashe masu tasowa, ba su da tallafin gwamnati kuma ba su da ikon shiga gasar, wanda ya haifar da raguwar wakilci da kuma ware wasu 'yan wasa.

Hukumar IPC ta kuma shirya don yiwuwar birnin da zai karbi bakuncin gasar Olympics ya bambanta da birnin da aka zaba don gasar Paralympics. Shirye-shiryen gaggawa sun haɗa da yin shawarwari da birnin Olympics mai nasara don tabbatar da alƙawarin ɗaukar nauyin gasar Paralympics, ko kuma a matsayin madadin, mayar da wasannin zuwa Burtaniya saboda alaƙar da ke tsakaninta da ƙungiyar Paralympics ta tarihi. Bayan an zaɓi Sydney a matsayin mai masaukin baki na Olympics kuma daga baya aka yi alƙawarin ɗaukar nauyin gasar Paralympics, ba a buƙatar waɗannan tsare-tsaren gaggawa ba.

Wasannin hunturu masu zuwa

Birnin Salt Lake 2002

Har yanzu ana ci gaba da tattaunawa kan matsalolin da suka shafi tsarin shirya gasar wasannin bazara ta 1996 lokacin da aka fara neman tikitin shiga gasar Olympics ta hunturu ta 2002 a shekarar 1993. Hukumar IOC ta yi amfani da irin waɗannan sharuɗɗan da aka yi amfani da su don Wasannin bazara na 2000, inda ta buƙaci biranen da ke neman shiga gasar su magance shirye-shiryen Paralympic. Birnin Salt Lake ya lashe tayin. Kwamitin bayar da kyautar gasar tseren nakasassu ta Salt Lake City ya yi alƙawarin shirya gasar tseren nakasassu ta lokacin hunturu tare da gasar Olympics.

Turin 2006

Kwamitin shirya gasar Olympics ta hunturu ta 2006 (TOROC) ya fuskanci gibin aiki na Yuro miliyan 95 kuma ya yanke shawarar kin shirya gasar Olympics ta Paralympic kai tsaye. A watan Satumba na 2005, TOROC ta mayar da sashenta na Paralympic zuwa wata sabuwar ƙungiya mai zaman kanta ta gwamnati, ComParTo (Kwamitin Shirya Paralympic na Turin), akan kashi ɗaya cikin ɗari na Yuro, yayin da take ba da gudummawar Yuro miliyan 40 don kuɗaɗen gudanar da ayyukanta. Kamfanonin gida, Kwamitin Paralympic na Italiya, da Yankin Piedmont ne suka dauki nauyin daukar nauyin CompParTo. Duk da cewa ta rabu, ta raba sassan aiki ciki har da tallatawa, jigilar kayayyaki, da kayayyakin more rayuwa tare da TOROC don tabbatar da daidaito.

Bayani game da tsarin tayin

Ma'anar kafin wasannin

Amurka da Ostiraliya sun daɗe suna shiga cikin harkokin gasar Paralympic. Duk da haka, a ƙarshen shekarun 1980 da farkon shekarun 1990, hukumomin yankin ƙasashen biyu sun yi jinkirin fahimtar cewa ba za a iya sake gudanar da wasannin Olympics da na Paralympic daban ba. Sau da yawa ana kallon gasar Paralympics a matsayin wani abu na biyu ko kuma wani alhaki na kuɗi.

Gasar Olympics ta bazara ta Atlanta ta 1996 ta fuskanci matsaloli na gudanarwa da na kuɗi daga kwamitoci biyu daban-daban waɗanda suka kasance cikin rikici tun lokacin da birnin ya nemi shiga gasar Olympics a 1987. Aikin Olympics na Atlanta ya bi tsarin kuɗi na sirri 100% kamar na Los Angeles 1984, wanda ya taimaka mata ta lashe tayin amma ba ta bar sassauci ko tallafin kuɗi ga Paralympics ba.

Lokacin da Sydney ta lashe zaɓen cikin gida na Kwamitin Olympics na Australiya a shekarar 1990, an fara gabatar da shawarwari don kwaikwayon tsarin kuɗaɗen masu zaman kansu. Duk da haka, ƙarfin sha'awar jama'a da kuma buƙatar sake gina birane ya haifar da haɗin gwiwa mai faɗi. Yayin da aikin ya ci gaba, ya sami goyon baya a dukkan matakan gwamnati, wanda daga ƙarshe ya haifar da tsarin samar da kuɗaɗen shiga tare da abokan hulɗa guda uku daidai gwargwado—gwamnatin tarayya, birni, da masu zuba jari masu zaman kansu—kowannensu yana ba da kashi ɗaya bisa uku na kasafin kuɗin wasanni.

Tarihin ƙungiyar Paralympic ta Ostiraliya

Duk da dogon tarihin shiga gasar Paralympic ta Ostiraliya, ciki har da lashe lambobin yabo a gasar Paralympic ta bazara guda takwas da suka gabata, kasar ba ta nuna sha'awarta sosai ga wasannin Paralympic ba. A lokacin da ake shirin yin tayin gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2000, Sydney da farko ba ta gabatar da shawarar karbar bakuncin gasar Paralympics ba. Yayin da Sydney ta fito a matsayin ɗan takara da ake so, wannan rashin sha'awar ya zama koma-baya ga gasa idan aka kwatanta da Manchester da Berlin, waɗanda dukkansu suka gabatar da tsarin gudanarwa mai haɗin kai irin na Barcelona.

Tsakanin 1989 da 1993, Jamus da Birtaniya — dukkansu manyan ƙasashe a gasar Olympics da ta Paralympic — sun fi Ostiraliya suna a duniya. Kafafen watsa labarai na Ostiraliya sun yi watsi da rahotannin da 'yan wasan Paralympic suka bayar a wannan lokacin, har ma da sakamako mai kyau, ciki har da matsayi na biyar a gasar Paralympic ta bazara ta 1992 da kuma matsayi na biyu a 1996, bai haifar da da mai ido ga jama'a ba. A wasu sassan al'ummar Ostiraliya, ana ci gaba da ɗaukar gasar Paralympics a matsayin wani babban taron na biyu.

Tasirin Barcelona da Atlanta a kan tayin shiga gasar wasannin 2000

• Duba kuma : Gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1984, Gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1996, Gasar Paralympics ta bazara ta 1996 .

Hukumar haɗin gwiwa ta wasannin Paralympics na bazara na 1992 ta buɗe sabbin damammaki ga wasannin, amma rashin tsari da ya dabaibaye wasannin Paralympics na bazara na 1996 a Atlanta ya yi barazanar lalata ƙungiyar Paralympics. A Atlanta, kwamitocin shirya wasannin Olympics da na Paralympic guda biyu ne suka shirya su, wadanda ke aiki ba tare da sadarwa ko hadin gwiwa ba. A akasin haka, Nagano, mai masaukin baki na gasar Olympics ta hunturu ta 1998, shi ma ya yi amfani da kwamitoci biyu daban-daban, amma sun raba masu ruwa da tsaki iri ɗaya, wanda hakan ya samar da kwanciyar hankali.

Bayan nasarar da aka samu a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1984, wasu biranen Amurka sun nemi shiga gasar Olympics. Atlanta (1996) daga baya kuma Salt Lake City (2002) sun rungumi tsarin samar da kuɗaɗen masu zaman kansu irin na 1984, suna dogara da masu tallafawa maimakon kuɗaɗen gwamnati. A ƙarƙashin wannan tsari, kwamitin shirya gasar Olympics ta Atlanta bai saka Paralympics a cikin shirye-shiryensa ba, wanda hakan ya haifar da ƙarancin kuɗi da suka daga jama'a da zarar an san lamarin.

Ganin cewa birnin Salt Lake ya riga ya shiga cikin tsarin neman shiga gasar Olympics ta hunturu ta 2002, IOC ta sauya tsarinta. A shekarar 1994, ta sanya hannu kan wata yarjejeniya ta musamman da IPC, inda ta bukaci biranen da za su karbi bakuncin gasar nan gaba su shirya dukkan wasannin biyu a karkashin kwamitin shirya gasar iri daya.

Kwamitoci biyu, ruɗani ya yi yawa

An soki ACOG (kwamitin shirya gasar Olympics ta Atlanta) saboda yin sakaci da gasar Paralympics, inda aka yi nuni da cewa gasar ta samu koma baya a fannin tattalin arziki da kuma yadda take da tasiri idan aka kwatanta da gasar Olympics. Cibiyar Shepherd Center, wani asibitin kula da raunin ƙashin baya na gida, ta jagoranci wani gangamin jama'a don tabbatar da tsaron wasannin. An ruwaito cewa an yi yarjejeniyar madadin da za ta mayar da gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1996 zuwa wani birni da ba a bayyana ba a Burtaniya idan Atlanta ta ƙi ko kuma ta gaza karɓar baƙuncin gasar.

Duk da matsin lamba daga Kwamitin Wasannin Olympics na Amurka (USOC) da masu tallafawa - waɗanda wasu daga cikinsu suka yi barazanar janye tallafin kuɗi - ƙoƙarin Cibiyar Kula da Makiyaya ya yi nasarar ci gaba da wasannin Paralympics a Atlanta. A ƙarshe wasannin sun fuskanci matsaloli na ƙungiya, inda ACOG ke amfani da kuɗaɗen da aka tara don yin kwangilar ayyuka masu mahimmanci.

Tsarin neman shiga gasar Olympics

Shugaban ƙungiyar wasannin Olympics ta Australiya a wancan lokacin, Ron Finneran, a lokacin gasar wasannin Olympics ta hunturu ta 1984, wadda aka gudanar a Innsbruck, Austria.

Lokacin da aka fara neman shiga gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2000, kwamitocin Olympics na ƙasa guda takwas sun nuna sha'awarsu da farko: Ostiraliya, Brazil, China, Jamus, Burtaniya, Italiya, Turkiyya da Uzbekistan . A cikin takardun neman shiga gasar, shida daga cikinsu sun nuna niyyarsu ta karbar bakuncin gasar Paralympics.

Daga baya Brazil, Italiya, da Uzbekistan suka janye, wanda hakan ya bar 'yan wasa biyar da suka yi nasara a zagayen karshe. Hukumar IPC ta tantance 'yan takarar kuma ta tabbatar da cewa Turkiyya ba ta cika sharuddan karbar bakuncin wasannin nakasassu ba. Sauran tayi huɗu har yanzu suna fuskantar buƙatun fasaha da yuwuwar aiki daban-daban.

Rashin amincewar Sydney na karɓar bakuncin gasar Paralympics

Kwamitin neman shiga gasar Olympics ta Sydney (SOBC) da farko bai nuna sha'awar karbar bakuncin gasar Paralympics ba. Abubuwa da dama sun haifar da wannan shakku:

• Damuwar da ake da ita cewa cin nasarar dukkan tayin biyu na iya ƙara yawan ƙarfin birnin.
• Rikicin da ke ci gaba da faruwa a Atlanta, inda kwamitocin shirya daban-daban suka yi karo da juna kan kasafin kuɗi, kayan aiki, da kuma ingancin wurin taron.
• A Atlanta, ba a samun damar shiga Ƙungiyar Olympics da wuraren gasa da yawa ba ko kuma suna da nisa da wasannin Paralympic.
• Rikicin tallafawa: Masu shirya gasar Olympics a Atlanta sun ƙi sayar da kunshin tallafin Paralympic wanda ka iya yin gogayya da masu tallafawa gasar.

Hukumar IOC ta shiga tsakani a Atlanta ta hanyar sayen kason tallafi da kuma ƙarfafa abokan hulɗarta su yi hakan, tare da taimakawa wajen samun wasu kuɗaɗen tallafi. Duk da haka, wannan gogewa ta nuna haɗarin da ke tattare da kwamitocin shiryawa daban-daban.

A shekarar 1993, IOC ta sauya ƙa'idodi: tun daga tsarin neman shiga gasar Olympics ta hunturu ta 2002, dukkan biranen da suka nemi shiga gasar an buƙaci su haɗa da tsare-tsare don gasar Olympics ta Paralympic.

A halin yanzu, kwamitin neman shiga gasar Sydney ya ci gaba da nuna shakku game da karbar bakuncin gasar Paralympics, yana mai cewa kasuwar ba ta da kyau da kuma wahalhalun da aka gani a Atlanta. Hukumar wasannin Olympics ta Ostiraliya (APF), karkashin jagorancin Ron Finneran, ta yi kira da a sanya sunayen 'yan wasan, amma kwamitin wasannin Olympics ya yi shakku kan ikon APF na gudanar da wasannin. APF ba ta da isassun kuɗaɗen shiga, ta dogara ne da gudummawar gwamnati da membobinta.

Jama'a sun kuma nuna damuwa game da haƙƙin talabijin da kuma kuɗaɗen tallafi. Ba a warware haƙƙin watsa shirye-shirye ba sai a shekarar 1999, lokacin da Kamfanin Watsa Labarai na Australiya (ABC) ya ɗauki nauyin watsa shirye-shiryen gida. Gasar Paralympics ba ta da sha'awar kasuwanci kamar wasannin Olympics ko na Commonwealth, wanda hakan ya sa samun tallafin kuɗi na sirri ya yi wahala.

Farkon mafarkin

Bayan haɗa wasannin Olympics da na Paralympic a Barcelona, an fara hulɗa tsakanin APF da Kwamitin Biyan Kuɗi na Sydney 2000 (SOBC) a shekarar 1991 da farkon 1992. Sydney ta yi rijistar sha'awarta ta karɓar bakuncin wasannin nakasassu a hukumance a watan Maris na 1993.

Kamar yadda aka yi a baya a biranen da suka karɓi baƙuncin gasar Olympics, SOBC ba ta yi niyyar neman shiga gasar Paralympics ba sai dai idan Sydney ta sami nasarar lashe gasar Olympics. Takaddun shari'a a ƙarƙashin dokar Ostiraliya suma sun yi rikitarwa game da tsare-tsare. An kafa SOBC a matsayin wata ƙungiya ta musamman, wacce Kwamitin Olympics na Australiya, Gwamnatin New South Wales, da kuma Commonwealth of Australia suka mallaka a daidai gwargwado. Ba za a iya canza tsarinsa ba, kuma an buƙaci a rushe shi a ƙarshen tsarin tayin ba tare da la'akari da sakamakon ba. Waɗannan ƙuntatawa sun hana shi shigar da tsarin Paralympic a hukumance, wanda hakan ya bar APF ta ci gaba da kanta.

Daga cikin biranen da ake sa ran za su fafata, Beijing, Berlin, Manchester, da Sydney an dauke su a matsayin wadanda za su iya daukar nauyin gasar Olympics ta Paralympic, yayin da aka cire Istanbul daga gasar bisa dalilan yiwuwar hakan. Yawancin tayin sun gabatar da shawarar shirya wasannin Olympics da na Paralympic tare don raba albarkatu; Sydney ita ce kaɗai banda.

An yi wa Berlin kallon ɗaya daga cikin manyan 'yan takara, waɗanda shirye-shiryen daidaita wasannin da manyan abubuwan da suka faru a ƙasa suka tallafa musu, ciki har da cika shekaru goma da sake haɗewar Jamus da kuma bikin Expo 2000 . Duk da haka, adawa da zanga-zangar jama'a jim kaɗan kafin zaɓen ƙarshe ya raunana takararsa.

An kuma yi la'akari da cewa tayin Manchester yana da ƙarfi amma ya shafi jinkirin sake gina birane da kuma sukar kamfen ɗin tallata shi. Shawarar da aka gabatar ta ci gaba da fuskantar matsalolin fasaha, ciki har da jadawalin da ya wuce matsakaicin lokacin da aka yarda da shi don Wasannin Paralympic a lokacin. Duk da haka, birnin daga baya ya karbi bakuncin wasannin Commonwealth na 2002 .

An yi wa takarar Beijing kallon wacce ba ta da gasa sosai, tana mai ambaton iyakokin ƙungiyoyi da na dokoki, gami da damuwar samun damar shiga da kuma yanayin siyasa mai faɗi bayan abubuwan da suka faru a shekarar 1989.

Ganin cewa sauran 'yan takara sun raunana ko kuma an kawar da su, Sydney ta zama kawai zaɓin da ya rage, duk da damuwar da ake ci gaba da yi game da garantin kuɗi da tsarin mulki.

A lokacin farkon matakin yuwuwar gasar, SOBC ta ƙi haɗa wasannin nakasassu, wani ɓangare saboda ƙalubalen ƙungiyoyi da aka lura a gaban wasannin Atlanta na 1996, inda aka gudanar da wasannin Olympics da nakasassu daban-daban. Wannan ya sa Kwamitin Wasannin Paralympic na Duniya (IPC) ya yi la'akari da wasu tsare-tsare, ciki har da yiwuwar zaɓuɓɓukan madadin a Burtaniya.

A lokaci guda, shirya wasannin Olympics na nakasassu na shekarar 1996 a Atlanta ya fuskanci matsaloli masu yawa amma daga ƙarshe an kammala su ta hanyar shirye-shiryen gida, gami da tallafi daga ƙungiyoyin fararen hula kamar Cibiyar Makiyayi .

Gasar Olympics ta Sydney

A ranar 19 ga Yuni 1991, Majalisar Birnin Sydney da Gwamnatin New South Wales sun amince su nemi shiga gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2000. An kafa Sydney Olympics 2000 Bid Limited (SOBC) a wannan rana don gudanar da kamfen ɗin. Yunkurin Sydney ya jaddada kasancewar Ostiraliya a gasar Olympics ta daɗe tana yi, da kuma al'adun wasanni da kuma gogewar ƙasar wajen ɗaukar nauyin manyan taruka na ƙasa da ƙasa. Haka kuma ya haɗa da muhimman abubuwan da suka fi muhimmanci a cikin shirye-shiryen Olympics, ciki har da la'akari da muhalli da dabaru.

Kwamitin Olympics na Duniya (IOC) ya kafa jagororin tsarin yin tayin a lokacin gasar Olympics ta hunturu ta 1992 a Albertville. An yi wa Sydney rijista a hukumance a matsayin birnin 'yan takara a watan Afrilun 1992, kuma wakilan kwamitin neman takara sun halarci wasannin Olympics da tarurruka masu alaƙa a duk tsawon shekarar 1992 don tallata shawarar.

A watan Maris na shekarar 1993, IOC ta tabbatar da cewa birane bakwai sun gabatar da tayin shiga gasar wasannin 2000. Kwamitin Gasar Paralympic na Duniya (IPC) bai shiga cikin tsarin zaɓen kai tsaye ba, duk da cewa an haɗa batutuwan da suka shafi gasar Paralympic a cikin takardun tayin.

Sydney ta yi rawar gani sosai a matakin tantancewa na farko, inda ta kare a matsayi na farko. An yi wa Beijing kallon ɗaya daga cikin manyan 'yan takara a lokacin yakin neman zaɓe, amma daga ƙarshe an zaɓi Sydney a matsayin birnin da zai karɓi baƙuncin gasar da tazarar kuri'u biyu. Sharhin zamani ya danganta sakamakon da sakamakon ya samo asali ne daga gogewar da Ostiraliya ta samu wajen shirya manyan tarukan wasanni da kuma yadda aka fahimci ingancin tayin, wanda ya jaddada ababen more rayuwa, tsare-tsaren muhalli, da kuma karfin kungiya.

Gasar Paralympic ta Sydney

Sabanin yadda Sydney ta nemi shiga gasar Olympics, da farko Sydney ba ta da niyyar karbar bakuncin gasar wasannin nakasassu ta Paralympic, kuma ba a haɗa haɗin gwiwar shirya gasar biyu a farkon matakin aikin ba. Wakilan sabuwar ƙungiyar Paralympics ta Ostiraliya sun nuna damuwa cewa za a iya yin watsi da damar, musamman idan aka yi la'akari da tsarin haɗin gwiwa da aka yi amfani da shi a wasannin Barcelona na 1992. Sun yi kira ga Sydney da ta yi la'akari da karbar bakuncin gasar Paralympics a matsayin wani bangare na sadaukar da kai ga daidaiton damammaki da wayar da kan jama'a kan nakasassu.

Bayan gabatar da takardun neman shiga gasar farko, an ruwaito cewa birane shida daga cikin bakwai da ake sa ran za su fafata sun bayar da garantin daukar nauyin gasar Olympics ta Paralympic. Rashin Sydney a wannan rukunin an yi masa kallon rauni a ƙoƙarinta. Sauran 'yan takara, ciki har da Berlin da Manchester, sun gabatar da shawarar haɗakar ayyuka da kuɗaɗen gudanar da dukkan tarurrukan biyu.

Sakamakon haka, Sydney ta sake duba shawararta ta haɗa da wasannin Paralympic kafin ta miƙa takardun ƙarshe ga Kwamitin Olympics na Duniya da ke Lausanne. Duk da wannan sauyi, ƙa'idojin tsari da na shari'a sun hana cikakken haɗin kai tsakanin kwamitin neman shiga gasar Olympics da masu shirya gasar Paralympic, wanda hakan ya haifar da yiwuwar hukumomin shirya gasar daban-daban za su gudanar da wasannin biyu, kamar yadda aka tsara a wasannin Atlanta na 1996.

Mataki na uku: Yaƙin ya ci gaba

Yayin da matakin gabatarwa na ƙarshe ke gabatowa, an kafa kwamitin neman shiga gasar Olympics ta Sydney (SPBC). Idan aka kwatanta da sauran 'yan takara, ta yi aiki da tsari da albarkatu masu iyaka, wanda ke nuna ƙarancin tallafin cibiyoyi da ake da su ga tayin.

Juriyar APF

Ƙungiyar Australian Paralympic Federation (APF), wadda aka kafa a ƙarshen shekarun 1980, ta ɗauki alhakin neman damar Sydney na karɓar bakuncin Gasar Wasannin Paralympic ta bazara ta shekarar 2000. A shekarun farko na kafuwarta, ta kuma ɗauki wasu ayyukan da a baya Ƙungiyar Australian Confederation of Sports for the Disabled ke gudanarwa, wadda ta daina aiki a ranar 31 ga Disamba 1989. Daga baya, Ƙungiyar Australian Paralympic Committee (APC) ta karɓi waɗannan ayyuka.

A matsayin wani ɓangare na tsarin neman karɓar bakuncin gasar, APF ta tsara ayyukan shirye-shirye, ta yi hulɗa da masu ruwa da tsaki, sannan ta inganta damar Australia na karɓar bakuncin Gasar Paralympic. Ayyukanta sun haɗa da neman ƙarin amincewa da 'yan wasan nakasassu da kuma haɗa harkar Paralympic cikin wasannin Australia.

Ƙungiyar ta riga ta samu goyon bayan gwamnati wajen kafuwarta, ciki har da goyon bayan Firayim Ministan Australia Bob Hawke. Gwamnatin New South Wales ta kuma ba ta wurin ofis a New South Wales Sport House.

Mataki na huɗu: "Muna kan wannan"

Yayin da shekarar 1992 ke ƙarewa, shirye-shiryen neman damar Sydney na karɓar bakuncin Gasar Paralympic sun ƙara ƙarfi, inda aka bukaci Australian Paralympic Federation (APF) ta gabatar da shawararta ga masu ruwa da tsaki na waje. A wannan lokacin, hulɗar jama'a da batun neman karɓar bakuncin Gasar Olympic ta ƙaru, duk da cewa goyon bayan karɓar bakuncin Gasar Paralympic ya kasance mafi ƙaranci.

Kafin ranar ƙarshe ta gabatar da takarda, wato 21 ga Maris 1993, an shirya shawarwarin tare da haɗin gwiwar kwamitin neman karɓar bakuncin Gasar Olympic ta Sydney. Takardar ƙarshe ta ƙunshi wasiƙun goyon baya daga manyan jami'an gwamnati, ciki har da Firayim Minista, Firayim Ministan New South Wales, da Magajin Garin Sydney.

An gabatar da shawarwarin ga International Paralympic Committee (IPC) a wani taro a Lillehammer, inda biranen da ke neman karɓar bakuncin gasar suka bayyana shirye-shiryensu. Idan aka kwatanta da sauran shawarwari, an bayyana gabatarwar Sydney a matsayin wadda ba ta da girma sosai ta fuskar tsari da albarkatu, saboda ƙarancin tsarin ƙungiyar da ke kula da neman karɓar bakuncin Gasar Paralympic. Kwamitin neman karɓar bakuncin Gasar Olympic ya taimaka ta hanyar biyan kuɗin tafiye-tafiyen tawagar, amma ƙungiyar neman karɓar bakuncin Gasar Paralympic ita ce ke da alhakin samar da kayanta na gabatarwa.

A lokacin gabatarwar Lillehammer, an kiyasta kasafin kuɗin Gasar Paralympic da sama da dalar Australia miliyan 84. Ana sa ran samun kuɗin ne daga tallafin kamfanoni, sayar da tikiti, lasisi, ayyukan talla, da kuma gudummawar gwamnatocin New South Wales da Australia.

1993: Kusan komai ya rushe

Shekarar 1993 ta kasance muhimmiyar shekara ga kokarin Sydney na karɓar bakuncin Gasar Olympic da Paralympic. A farkon shekarar, Australian Paralympic Federation (APF) ta tabbatar da cewa ta samu cikakken goyon bayan hukumomin gwamnati da kwamitin neman karɓar bakuncin Gasar Olympic ta Sydney.

Duk da wannan goyon baya, neman karɓar bakuncin Gasar Paralympic ya ci gaba da fuskantar babbar matsalar rashin tabbas ta kuɗi. APF ba ta da isassun albarkatun da za ta iya ɗaukar kuɗin neman karɓar bakuncin gasar ita kaɗai, kuma har yanzu ba a samu tabbacin kuɗi ba. Ƙididdigar lokacin ma ta nuna cewa Gasar Paralympic tana da ƙarancin damar samun kuɗin kasuwanci idan aka kwatanta da Gasar Olympic, abin da ya ƙara wahalar neman kuɗi.

Sabbin ƙididdigar kuɗi sun sanya kasafin da ake hasashen kashewa wajen Gasar Paralympic kusan dalar Australia miliyan 82. Ana sa ran kuɗin zai fito daga sayar da tikiti, tallafin kamfanoni, lasisi, ayyukan tara kuɗi, da gudummawar hukumomin gwamnati, duk da cewa har yanzu akwai babban gibi. Saboda haka, masu shirya gasar sun binciki yiwuwar haɗa ayyukan talla da na neman karɓar bakuncin Gasar Olympic domin jawo masu tallafawa guda ɗaya da kuma goyon bayan kamfanoni masu zaman kansu.

Daga baya a wannan shekarar, neman karɓar bakuncin Sydney ya shiga mataki na ƙarshe, ciki har da ziyarar dubawa daga International Paralympic Committee (IPC) da kuma gabatar da ƙarshe ga ƙungiyoyin mambobi a Berlin a ranar 12 ga Satumba 1993. Zaɓen ya gudana jim kaɗan kafin taro na 101 na International Olympic Committee a Monte Carlo, inda daga ƙarshe aka zaɓi Sydney a matsayin birnin da zai karɓi bakuncin Gasar Olympic ta bazara ta 2000 da tazarar ƙuri'u biyu.

Bayan zaɓar Sydney, an tabbatar da birnin a matsayin mai karɓar bakuncin Gasar Olympic da Paralympic, tare da ci gaba da tsarin gudanar da gasannin biyu a birni ɗaya. An tsara gudanar da Gasar Paralympic jim kaɗan bayan Gasar Olympic a shekarar 2000.

Bayan zaɓen: shawara ta farko mai muhimmanci

A ranar 19 ga Afrilu 1993, wakilan Australian Paralympic Federation (APF) sun sanar da hukumomin gwamnati cewa ƙungiyar da kuma al'ummar wasannin nakasassu gaba ɗaya ba su da damar ɗaukar cikakken nauyin kuɗi ko na gudanarwa na Gasar Paralympic. Sun ba da shawarar cewa a tsara kuma a tallata Gasar Olympic da Paralympic tare domin tabbatar da yiwuwar gudanar da su.

A watan Mayun 1993, APF ta kafa ƙaramin kwamiti domin daidaita dabarun neman karɓar bakuncin gasar. Ƙungiyar ta samar da takardar manufofi wadda ta bayyana sharuddan da za a bi wajen shirya Gasar Paralympic idan aka zaɓi Sydney a matsayin birnin mai masaukin baki, da kuma matsayin ƙungiyar a tattaunawar da za a yi da gwamnati da hukumomin Olympic.

Duk da ci gaba a tsarin neman karɓar bakuncin gasar, rashin tabbas game da kuɗi da tsarin gudanarwa ya ci gaba. Waɗannan batutuwa sun haifar da ƙarin tattaunawa a shekarun da suka biyo baya. A shekarar 1995, yayin da Majalisar Dokokin Australia ke nazarin dokokin da suka shafi gasannin, an kafa Sydney Paralympic Organizing Committee a ƙarƙashin tsarin Sydney Organising Committee for the Olympic Games (SOCOG).

Kuɗaɗe

Kwamitin Neman Karɓar Bakuncin Gasar Paralympic ta Sydney 2000 (SPBC) da farko ya kiyasta cewa gudanar da gasar zai buƙaci kasafin kuɗi kusan AU$ miliyan 84, wanda za a samu mafi yawa daga sayar da tikiti, tallafin kamfanoni, lasisi da tallace-tallace, tare da ƙaramin tallafi daga gwamnatin tarayya da gwamnatin New South Wales. Ƙididdigar farko ba ta haɗa da kuɗin haƙƙin watsa shirye-shirye ba, kuma nazarin kasuwa a lokacin ya nuna cewa damar samun kuɗin kasuwanci ta kasance ƙasa idan aka kwatanta da Gasar Olympic, abin da ya sa samun masu tallafawa ya fi wahala.

A shekarar 1993, sabbin ƙididdiga sun sanya kasafin kuɗin a AU$ miliyan 82.67. Kuɗaɗen da aka tabbatar da waɗanda ake sa ran samu sun rufe wani ɓangare ne kawai na wannan adadin, wanda ya bar babban gibin kuɗi. Daga baya an ƙara gudummawar gwamnati, inda gwamnatocin New South Wales da Commonwealth suka bayar da tallafin kuɗi.

A cikin shekarun da suka biyo baya, kuɗaɗen da ake hasashen kashewa sun ƙaru sosai. Zuwa shekarar 1998, an kiyasta jimillar kashe kuɗin da AU$ miliyan 150, tare da wani gibin kuɗi da masu shirya gasar suka yi ƙoƙarin cike ta hanyar ƙarin tallafin kamfanoni da sayar da tikiti.

An kiyasta cewa jimillar kuɗin gudanar da gasar ya kai AU$ miliyan 157. An samu kuɗin ne ta hanyar haɗin gudummawar gwamnati, tallafin Sydney Organising Committee for the Olympic Games (SOCOG), da kuma kuɗaɗen tallafin kamfanoni da sayar da tikiti. Sydney Paralympic Organising Committee (SPOC), wanda aka kafa bayan an bai wa Sydney damar karɓar bakuncin gasar a shekarar 1993, shi ne ke da alhakin gudanar da gasar bisa yarjejeniyar birnin mai masaukin baki da International Paralympic Committee.

Muhalli

Duba tafki mai furannin lily a Sydney Olympic Park a lokacin Gasar Paralympic ta Sydney ta 2000.

Aikin Olympic da Paralympic ya mai da hankali kan mataki na farko na Millennium Parklands, wanda ya mamaye hekta 450 kuma ya ƙunshi har zuwa kilomita 40 na hanyoyin masu tafiya ƙasa da masu keke. An tsara wuraren ne domin su haɗu da wuraren gasar, tare da tallafa wa nishaɗi, kiyaye muhalli da ilimin muhalli.

Dabarun kula da ruwa sun haɗa da Water Reclamation and Management Scheme (WRAMS), wanda ya samar da ruwan da aka sake sarrafawa domin banɗaki da ban ruwa a lokacin gasar, tare da shirin ci gaba da amfani da tsarin bayan gasar. Sauran matakan sun haɗa da amfani da ruwan sama da ke gudana a ƙasa daga Newington da ruwan sama da aka tattara daga rufin Stadium Australia domin ban ruwa, tare da buƙatar wuraren Olympic su yi amfani da fasahohin da ke rage amfani da ruwa. An gudanar da shirin ilimin muhalli a shekarun 1999–2000 domin ƙarfafa gadon muhalli na gasar.

Gudanarwa

International Paralympic Committee (IPC) ce ta kula da Gasar Wasannin Paralympic ta bazara ta 2000, ƙarƙashin jagorancin shugabanta Robert Steadward. An kafa Sydney Paralympic Organising Committee (SPOC), ƙarƙashin jagorancin Dr. John Grant da babban jami'in gudanarwa Lois Appleby, a ranar 12 ga Nuwamba 1993, ta hanyar dokar da ta kuma kafa SOCOG (Sydney Organising Committee for the Olympic Games). Da farko, SPOC ta kasance ƙarƙashin SOCOG, amma tana da kasafin kuɗi da ikon gudanarwa na kanta. Sai dai, tattaunawar farko tsakanin 1993 da 1995 ta nuna cewa ayyukan ƙungiyoyin biyu suna da wasu abubuwan da suka yi kama, kuma darussan da aka koya daga Atlanta sun sa aka yanke shawarar haɗa ƙungiyoyin biyu. An kafa Olympic Coordinating Authority (OCA) domin daidaita batutuwan da suka shafi ƙungiyoyin biyu.

A watan Janairun 1995, SPOC ta zama kamfani na jama'a mai iyaka ta hanyar garanti ƙarƙashin SOCOG, amma ƙungiyoyin biyu sun ci gaba da aiki daban ba tare da cikakken haɗa tsarin doka ba. Sun raba ma'aikata da wasu tsare-tsare, yayin da OCA ke kula da su duka. Kowace ƙungiya ta riƙe wasu nauyi na musamman: SOCOG ce ke kula da tallace-tallace, sayar da tikiti, watsa shirye-shirye, bukukuwan buɗewa da rufewa, da masaukin 'yan wasa; yayin da SPOC ke kula da sauya wuraren gasar tsakanin wasannin biyu, tantance 'yan wasa da kuma tambarin Paralympic.

Duk da haɗewar, shirye-shiryen Paralympic sun kasance a baya. A watan Yunin 1997, OCA ta kafa Joint Risk Management Committee domin sasanta rikice-rikicen da ka iya tasowa. A watan Nuwamban 1997, aka zartar da Sydney 2000 Games Administration Act, wadda ta mayar da kadarori da basussuka zuwa OCA bayan gasar.

Domin magance buƙatun da suka shafi Paralympic musamman, IPC ta matsa lamba domin samun ƙarin tallafi. A shekarar 1998, an kafa Liaison Committee domin sasanta tsakanin SPOC da IPC. Tun da farko, SPOC ta ɗauki Xavier Gonzalez aiki, wanda ya taɓa yin irin waɗannan ayyuka a Barcelona da Atlanta, domin kula da wuraren gasar, ayyukan 'yan wasa da jadawalin wasannin Paralympic, wanda aka sake gyara shi sau da dama kafin a kammala shi a farkon shekarar 2000.

Shirin Ilimi

A matsayin wani ɓangare na Shirin Ilimi, wanda aka haɓaka tare da dukkan matakan gwamnati da ƙungiyoyin farar hula, an ƙirƙiri shirye-shiryen sa ido da shiga cikin ayyuka da dama domin taimaka wa masu shirya gasar wajen tara AU$20 miliyan da ake buƙata domin kammala asusun gasar.

"Set No Limits"

Shirin ilimi na farko ya fara ne a watan Yulin 1998, inda SPOC ta rarraba kayan bayanai 10,000 kyauta ga makarantun gwamnati da masu zaman kansu, da kuma jami'o'i da ɗakunan karatu a faɗin Australia, mai suna "Set No Limits". An tsara shi ne domin ƙara wayar da kan ɗalibai da kuma ƙara musu sha'awar Gasar Paralympic ta hanyar wasanni da ayyukan koyo da suka shafi wasannin Paralympic da kuma rayuwa mai kyau tare. Kayan ya kuma ƙunshi tambayoyi da dama game da nasarorin ’yan wasan Paralympic da abin da ke motsa su su gudanar da wasanni. Haka kuma, an ƙarfafa matasa su shiga domin su ƙara sha'awa kuma su taimaka yayin lokacin shirye-shiryen gasar.

Malamai, masu koyarwa da ’yan wasan Paralympic, ciki har da ’yar wasan ƙwallon kwando ta keken guragu Liesl Tesch, ne suka samar da wannan jerin jagorori da ayyukan. "Set No Limits" wani shiri ne mai fannoni daban-daban wanda ya ƙunshi takardun bayanai na fasaha, bidiyoyi, jadawalin bayanai da sauran kayan aikin aji da na aiki, shawarwarin ayyuka don darussan motsa jiki da fastocin hukuma. Darussan da ayyukan duk sun shafi labaran rayuwar ’yan wasa, batutuwan lafiya da ingancin rayuwa, da kuma wuraren da suka shafi Sydney Olympic Park, inda Lizzie, mascot ɗin gasar, ita ma ta kasance cikin shirin. An fi mayar da hankali ga ɗalibai masu shekaru 8 zuwa 15, kuma kayan sun taimaka wa matasan Australia su fahimci tare da girmama jajircewa da nasarorin ƙwararrun ’yan wasa masu nakasa, tare da ƙarfafa su su halarci Gasar Paralympic domin ganin ’yan wasan suna fafatawa.

LEAP (Link Elite Athletes Program)

Bayan makaranta ta kammala dukkan matakan "Set No Limits", ana gayyatar ta ta shiga cikin LEAP (Link Elite Athletes Program). Makarantun da ke son shiga LEAP sun karɓi jerin takardu da za su aika zuwa sashen ilimi na SPOC domin tabbatar da aniyarsu ta shiga. A cikin waɗannan takardu, ana tambayar makarantar game da irin tsarinta da kuma irin ɗan wasan da take son a zaɓa domin gudanar da shirin.

An yi musayar bayanai tsakanin makarantu da ’yan wasa sau uku a shekara tsakanin 1998 da 2000. Sun aika wasiƙu, faks, katuna, imel, zane-zane da hotuna yayin da suke koyon abubuwa game da rayuwar juna. Idan ɗan wasan yana rayuwa ko yana atisaye a nisan da bai wuce kilomita 200 daga makarantar da yake hulɗa da ita ba, zai iya karɓar makarantar a matsayin makarantar da yake tallafawa, kuma ya ziyarci ɗalibai da kansa a wasu bukukuwa na musamman ko a lokacin shekarar makaranta.

Ɗalibai sun koyi game da salon rayuwa, tsarin yau da kullum da abubuwan musamman na kowane ɗan wasa, tare da jadawalin atisaye da hanyoyin atisaye. Su ma sun raba abubuwan da suka faru da kuma burinsu game da Gasar Paralympic. Wannan musayar ta taimaka wa ɗalibai su kawar da wasu ra'ayoyi da zato game da abin da ake buƙata domin zama ɗan wasan Paralympic, ƙa'idojin cancantar shiga Gasar Paralympic, da kuma fahimtar ma'anar "nakasa", da irin wasannin da ake kira Paralympic ko wasannin da aka daidaita, da yadda ake gudanar da su.

Manufofin farko na shirin LEAP sun kasance kaiwa sama da makarantu 1,000 kafin Afrilu 2000, inda 60 daga cikinsu za su kasance cikin wani rukuni na musamman, wato "makarantun da ke da nisan sama da kilomita 3,000 daga Sydney". SPOC ta yi niyyar jawo sama da makarantu 2,500 su shiga shirin tare da ƙarfafa sama da ɗalibai 170,000 su halarci Olympic Park a cikin kwanaki 12 na gasar. Wannan buri ya samu sauƙi bayan gwamnatin tarayyar Australia ta ƙaddamar da wani tallafi na musamman ga makarantun da ke da nisan sama da kilomita 200 daga Sydney Olympic Park.

An ware AU$1.3 miliyan ne musamman domin makarantun da ke cikin shirin LEAP. Makarantun da ke da nisan sama da kilomita 200 daga Sydney Olympic Park kuma suka shiga Gasar Paralympic sun samu AU$10 ga kowane ɗalibi; waɗanda ke cikin rukuni na "sama da kilomita 400" sun samu AU$20; waɗanda ke cikin rukuni na "sama da kilomita 1,000" sun samu AU$40; waɗanda ke da nisan sama da kilomita 2,000 ko kuma suke Tasmania sun samu AU$100; yayin da waɗanda ke da nisan sama da kilomita 3,000 suka samu AU$200.

Makarantu kuma za su iya amfani da tsarin Day Pass, wanda aka samo daga manyan wuraren shakatawa da wuraren wasanni, inda za su iya zaɓar wasanni ko abubuwan da suke son halarta. Farashin Day Pass ya kasance AU$15 ga mutum ɗaya, yayin da kowane ɗalibi ya biya rabinsa, wato AU$8. A matsayin ƙarfafawa ga shiga shirin, makarantun da suka kammala LEAP sun sami damar sayen tikitin rana tun kafin lokacin da aka buɗe sayarwa, kuma suna da wani tsarin musamman na sayensu. Ga kowane tikiti 100 da aka sayar, makaranta tana samun ƙarin tikiti 10 kyauta a matsayin kari. Gwamnatin tarayya da SPOC sun ƙarfafa makarantu su yi amfani da waɗannan tikitin kyauta domin iyaye, malamai ko masu taimakawa wajen kula da ɗalibai su raka su zuwa gasar. Yara ‘yan ƙasa da shekaru biyar ba sa biyan kuɗin Day Pass, kuma ana shigar da su ba tare da biyan kuɗi ba.

"As many Australian children as possible should witness the Sydney 2000 Paralympic Games — our athletes are among the best in the world. Our children should be encouraged to experience first hand the triumph of our athletes who overcome their disabilities to excel." Ministan Wasanni da Yawon Buɗe Ido na Tarayya, Jackie Kelly, ta faɗi haka yayin da take sanar da tallafin LEAP.

Bayan shirin LEAP, kwamitin shirya gasar ya zaɓi kusan ɗalibai 900 daga makarantu 120 da suka shiga shirin domin taimaka wa hukumomi da jami'an tsaro yayin bikin bayar da lambobin yabo. Ayyukansu sun haɗa da ɗaukar tiraye masu ɗauke da furannin bouquet da lambobin yabo. Ɗaliban sun kasance na Year Five da Year Six, kuma shekarunsu sun kasance tsakanin 10 zuwa 12 a shekarar 2000.

A ranar 29 ga Fabrairu 2000, SPOC ta sanar da cewa yawan makarantun da ke cikin LEAP ya haura 2,000, daga dukkan jihohi da yankuna na Australia. Aikace-aikacen tallafin LEAP ya ƙare a ranar 30 ga Afrilu 2000, kuma ba a karɓar kuɗi daga makarantun da suka shiga shirin. Shirin ya shafi dukkan nau'ikan makarantun firamare da sakandare. Zuwa wannan ranar, kusan makarantu 272 da ke cikin LEAP a jihohi 5 sun sayi kusan Day Pass 80,000.

Muryar Paralympic

A matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin ilimi, SPOC ta kuma ƙirƙiri wani shiri na laccoci da ayyukan kai-tsaye mai suna Muryar Paralympic, wanda yake da wasu kamanceceniya da LEAP. Amma a wannan karon an ƙirƙire shi ne tare da kamfanoni, ƙungiyoyin kasuwanci da na al'umma, da sauran nau'o'in cibiyoyi. A wannan shirin, ban da damar sadarwa da musayar abubuwan da suka faru a baya, ’yan wasan Paralympic da sauran abokan hulɗa za su iya ziyartar waɗannan cibiyoyi da kansu ta hanyar laccoci da sauran abubuwan hukumomi idan sun samu dama.

Karɓuwar jama'a

Abubuwan da suka faru kafin Atlanta sun tilasta wa masu shirya gasar Australia sake tunanin yadda za a tallata Gasar Paralympic, kuma wannan ya haɗa da aiki da al'ummomin yankin da kuma a faɗin ƙasar. Babban sabon abu shi ne ƙirƙirar wani kamfen na tallata gasar wanda aka daina mayar da hankali kan batun nakasa, maimakon haka aka mayar da hankali kan tarihin rayuwar kowane ɗan wasa. Wannan ya haifar da wani abu da ba a taɓa gani ba, inda sama da mutane miliyan 1 suka halarci Olympic Park a lokacin gasar, ciki har da kusan ɗalibai 340,000 na makarantun firamare da sakandare. An bai wa makarantun gwamnati da masu zaman kansu tikitin shiga na rana kyauta ga ɗalibai da malamai domin su halarci gasar, a matsayin kammala shirin ilimi na makarantu wanda aka gudanar kafin gasar. Haka kuma, wannan ya samu ne sakamakon shiga da gudummawar ƙungiyoyi da fannoni daban-daban na al'umma.

Masu aikin sa-kai

Saboda suna gudanar da fannoni da dama tare, SOCOG da SPOC sun kuma kasance masu kula da shirin masu aikin sa-kai tare, wanda ya samar da jimillar sama da masu aikin sa-kai 62,000 waɗanda aka raba tsakanin Gasar Olympic da Gasar Paralympic.

An haɗa horar da wannan dimbin masu aikin sa-kai, ’yan kwangila da ma’aikatan hedkwatar da suka yi aiki a lokacin Gasar Olympic da Paralympic gaba ɗaya, tare da wasu shirye-shirye na musamman ga masu nakasa. Ƙungiyar TAFE NSW ce ta haɓaka waɗannan shirye-shiryen, kuma sun haɗa da wayar da kai game da nakasa. A lokacin kafin gasar, TAFE NSW ta kasance babbar cibiya a Australia wajen ilimi da horar da masu nakasa ko masu fama da matsalolin koyo (VET). A lokacin, kusan ɗalibai 6,000 ne ke cikin shirin VET. Domin ƙara ƙarfafa waɗannan ƙoƙari, ƙungiyar horarwa ta cikin gida ta SOCOG, wadda ta ƙunshi ma'aikatan Kwamitin Shirya Gasar Olympic da TAFE NSW, ta samu ƙarin ma'aikata daga TAFE NSW masu ƙwarewa da gogewa ta musamman a fannin VET.

Ƙungiyoyin hidima

Wani ɓangare na shirin haɗa kan al'ummomin yankin ya gudana ne ta fannin ƙungiyoyin hidima ko ƙungiyoyi. Daga cikin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi akwai Rotary International, Apex Clubs of Australia, Lions Clubs International, Freemasonry, Soroptimist International da Zonta International, waɗanda suka yi aiki tare da SPOC wajen shirye-shiryen kai ƙungiyoyin ’yan kallo zuwa wuraren gasar. Haka kuma sun taimaka wajen samar da kuɗin gudanar da ayyuka domin makarantu da ƙungiyoyin marasa ƙarfi a cikin al'umma su samu damar zuwa wuraren gasar a lokacin wasannin.

Sauran ƙungiyoyi kamar Probus Clubs da Legacy Australia an ƙarfafa su su gudanar da ayyuka, kuma suka jagoranci mambobinsu wajen halartar gasar. Waɗannan ayyukan sun kuma haɗa da ƙungiyoyin scouts da guides na ƙasa a faɗin Australia. A matsayin wani ɓangare na shirye-shiryen ilimi, an kuma ba su horo game da Gasar Paralympic, kuma iyalansu sun shiga cikin dukkan tsarin, wanda ya ƙare da shiga cikin ayyuka daban-daban da aka gudanar a Sydney yayin gasar.

Al'adu daban-daban

Kamar yadda aka yi a Gasar Olympic, batun al'adu daban-daban a Australia ya kasance wani ɓangare na shirye-shiryen da suka shafi Gasar Paralympic. Tare da SOCOG, SPOC ta ƙirƙiri shirye-shirye daban-daban da suka shafi wannan batu mai muhimmanci. Wannan ya taimaka wajen ƙarfafa alaƙa tsakanin ƙungiyoyin kabilu daban-daban na Australia da baƙi daga wasu ƙasashe. Waɗannan al'ummomi sun yi aiki tare da masu shirya gasar wajen ƙara samun goyon bayan ’yan kallo, tara kuɗi, da kuma samar da wani rukuni na masu aikin sa-kai da suka ƙware wajen fassara.

Matakan ƙananan hukumomi

Dukkan matakan gwamnati na tarayya, jihohi da ƙananan hukumomi a Australia sun ba da gudummawa wajen taimakawa tare da samar da tallafin kuɗi da tallata Gasar Paralympic. An lura cewa ƙoƙarin da ya shafi shirye-shiryen ilimi ya kuma haɗa da kansiloli, magajin gari, ’yan majalisun jihohi da na tarayya, da kuma mazauna yankunan da suka taimaka wa SPOC wajen tara kuɗin gudanar da gasar.

Tara kuɗi da haɗin gwiwa

An ƙulla alaƙa da haɗin gwiwa da dama ta hanyoyi na musamman, kuma an gudanar da muhimman ayyuka na musamman tare da ƙungiyoyin jama'a, kasuwanci, ƙwararru da masana'antu. Babban abin da aka mayar da hankali a kai shi ne ayyukan tara kuɗi da wayar da kan al'ummar Australia domin taimakawa wajen tara kuɗin da ake buƙata a ƙarshen shirye-shiryen gasar. Yayin da gasar ke ƙara kusantowa, jerin abokan hulɗa ya ƙaru a hankali har zuwa kusan abokan hulɗa da masu ɗaukar nauyi 45 a ƙarshe. A wasu lokuta kuma, an faɗaɗa tallafin da aka bayar ga Gasar Olympic zuwa Gasar Paralympic. Wannan shi ne jerin waɗanda suka fara shiga ayyukan tallafin kuɗi.

Shirin haɗin gwiwa

Asusun Haɗin Gwiwar Paralympic wani shiri ne na musamman da ya bai wa mutane, ƙungiyoyi, amintattu da gidauniyoyi, ƙananan hukumomi, ƙungiyoyin al'umma da ƙungiyoyi damar bayar da gudummawar kuɗi da za a iya cirewa daga haraji domin taimakawa wajen gudanar da Gasar Wasannin Paralympic ta Sydney 2000 cikin nasara. Gudummawar ta fara ne daga sama da AU$3,000, kuma ana ba da kyaututtuka gwargwadon adadin kuɗin da aka bayar, daga takardun shaidar da aka saka a firam da allunan tunawa zuwa matsayin VIP a lokacin gasar.

A cikin jerin abokan hulɗa akwai Telstra, IBM, sarkar manyan kantuna Franklins, wadda ke da alhakin sayar da kayayyakin Paralympic masu lasisi, Westpac, AMP, Bonds, wadda ta samar da kayan sawa na masu aikin sa-kai da kuma wasu kayayyakin da ke da lasisi, EnergyAustralia, Ansett Australia, wadda ta kasance abokiyar hulɗar jigilar kayayyaki ta ƙasa da ƙasa, Fuji Xerox, John Fairfax & Sons, Swatch Group da Coca-Cola Amatil. Daga cikin masu ɗaukar nauyi na musamman akwai 2UE, Otto Bock, Shell da Boise Cascade. Masu samar da kayayyaki da suke cikin jerin sun haɗa da Woolcott Research, Rogen da Gerflor.

Seniors Card NSW

Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan haɗin gwiwar shi ne da Seniors Card NSW, wadda katin tallafi ce ga tsofaffi a jihar New South Wales. An ƙirƙiri wani shiri na musamman na tara kuɗi mai suna "One Million Smiles", wanda ya yi niyyar tara sama da AUD$1 miliyan ta hanyar ƙananan ayyukan agaji. Wannan haɗin gwiwar ta kuma taimaka wajen samun rajistar sama da mutane 10,000 da suka nuna sha'awar zama masu aikin sa-kai.

Quilts 2000

Wasu daga cikin fitattun masu kera barguna na patchwork a Australia sun fara wani shiri da zai iya haɗa mutane sama da 40,000, inda aka ƙirƙiri zane-zane na musamman da za a sayar a gwanjon kuɗi ko wasu taruka domin tara kuɗi don Gasar Paralympic. A jimlace, an ƙera kusan barguna 650 kuma aka nuna su a manyan biranen Australia, inda kusan 50 aka sayar kafin lokacin gasar, tare da tara kusan AUD$50,000. Magajin garin ƙauyen Paralympic, tsohon firaminista Tim Fischer, ya sanar da cewa an zaɓi guda 60 daga cikinsu domin a nuna su a ofisoshi da yankunan ƙasa da ƙasa na ƙauyen yayin Gasar Olympic da Paralympic, saboda waɗannan wurare biyu ne daga cikin wuraren da suka fi cunkoson mutane a lokacin gasannin biyu.

St. Andrew's Student Business Club

Tsakanin 1999 da 2000, Student Business Club na St Andrew's Cathedral, Sydney School ya shirya ayyuka da dama domin tara sama da AUD$100,000 don Gasar Paralympic, ciki har da shirya bikin shekara-shekara na Celebrity Golf Day da jerin Gala Dinners da gwanjon kayayyaki.

Shigar ’yan kwangila

Wani haɗin gwiwar da aka ƙirƙira shi ne tsakanin kamfanin haɗin gwiwa na Transfield Holdings da kamfanin Faransa Bouygues, wanda ke da alhakin gina Airport Link, Sydney da Sydney Harbour Tunnel. Sun tallafa wa Gasar Paralympic ta hanyar shirya ayyukan tara kuɗi ga jama'a a taruka daban-daban na jama'a da masu zaman kansu. Haka kuma sun sayi wasu hannayen tallafi watanni kaɗan kafin gasar.

NSWM Real Estate Institute (REI)

REI ta ƙarfafa dillalan gidaje na NSW su haɗa ayyukan tara kuɗin da suke gudanarwa duk shekara, kuma hakan ya sa wasu ƙungiyoyi suka aika wani ɓangare na waɗannan kuɗaɗen zuwa ga gudanarwar Gasar Paralympic. REI ta kuma inganta wasu ƙarin hanyoyin tara kuɗi da damar shiga ayyukan gasar kafin a fara gasar.

Holy Grail: Kundin waƙoƙin hukuma

Wani shiri da ya taimaka wajen tallafa wa gasar shi ne sayar da kundin waƙoƙin hukuma mai suna "Holy Grail", wanda aka fitar a ranar 18 ga Oktoba 1999, daidai shekara guda kafin bikin buɗe gasar. Kundin ya ƙunshi waƙoƙi daban-daban da suka ƙarfafa ’yan wasan Paralympic na Australia wajen samun manyan nasarorinsu. Babban manufar kundin ita ce tallata Gasar Paralympic, wadda aka gudanar a Sydney daga 18 zuwa 29 ga Oktoba 2000, ta hanyar masana'antar nishaɗi, tare da tara kuɗi don Gasar Paralympic.

Wani mamba na Ƙungiyar Shirya Bukukuwan Paralympic ta 2000, Michael Chugg, ne ya gabatar da ra'ayin CD na hukuma na Gasar Paralympic ga Warner Music Australia. Manufar ita ce a tattauna da ’yan wasan Australia domin gano waƙoƙin da suka ƙarfafa da kuma zaburar da su. A lokacin fitar da kundin, Chugg ya bayyana cewa Louise Sauvage ta zaɓi wata waƙa ta Jimmy Barnes mai suna "No second prize". Baya ga jigogin gasar guda biyu, "Being Here" na Graeme Connors da "Dots on the shells" da Yothu Yindi da Jim Kerr suka rera, ’yan wasan Paralympic goma daga cikin zakarun Australia sun zaɓi kowannensu wata waƙa da ke nuna alfaharinsu da gasar da kuma ƙaunar da suke da ita ga wasanni. Wannan ji ne da mawakan da suka rera waƙoƙin suka raba.

An sayar da CD ɗin a duk shagunan sayar da kundin kiɗa a Australia, kuma an ware wani kaso daga kowace CD da aka sayar domin gudanar da Gasar Wasannin Paralympic ta Sydney 2000. Waƙoƙin Hunters & Collectors, Van Halen, Barenaked Ladies, The Whitlams, Cold Chisel, Richard Clapton, Icehouse, Pretenders, The Superjesus, Marie Wilson, Marcia Hines da Goanna suna cikin wannan kundin waƙoƙin.

Ayyukan sufuri da dabarun jigilar kaya

Gudanar da dabarun jigilar kaya a lokacin Gasar Wasannin Paralympic ta bazara ta 1996 ya kasance babban bala'i, kuma rashin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin masu shirya gasar, birnin Atlanta da gwamnatin jihar Georgia na daga cikin manyan dalilan hakan. Saboda hukumomin da ke kula da ayyukan sufuri ba su yi magana da juna yadda ya kamata ba, hakan ya haifar da cunkoson ababen hawa da sauran matsaloli yayin wasannin. A Atlanta, yawancin wuraren gasar suna wajen Olympic Ring kuma suna da nisa sosai daga ƙauyen Paralympic. Tun daga lokacin da aka gabatar da shirin neman karɓar bakuncin gasar, Sydney ta ɗauki wannan batu ta wata hanya daban, wanda ya sa lamarin ya kasance mafi sauƙi da kwanciyar hankali. Daga cikin wuraren gasar 25, 20 suna kusan a wuri guda kusa da ƙauyen Paralympic, don haka ’yan wasan Paralympic za su iya isa wuraren da ƙafafunsu ko kujerun guragu. Ta haka, shirye-shiryen haɗin gwiwa tun daga farko sun rage yiwuwar samun tsare-tsaren sufuri daban-daban ga gasannin biyu, wanda ya rage ayyukan dabarun jigilar kaya.

Sai dai, nisan da ke tsakanin yankin Homebush Bay da Sydney Kingsford Smith Airport, tsakiyar birni da kuma yankunan da suka fi yawan jama'a da kewayen birnin, ya sa aka faɗaɗa ayyukan Hukumar Sufuri da Hanyoyin Sydney Olympic (SORTA), wadda ta kuma ɗauki nauyin tsarawa, gudanarwa da aiwatar da dukkan ayyukan dabarun jigilar kaya a lokacin gasannin biyu. SORTA ta kasance mai alhakin samar da ayyuka na musamman da suka bambanta ga kowanne daga cikin gasannin. Daga cikin waɗannan ayyuka akwai ɗaukar bas 27 da aka gyara domin jigilar ’yan wasan makafi da masu amfani da kujerun guragu a lokacin Gasar Paralympic, a hanyoyin yau da kullum tsakanin filin jirgin sama da ƙauyen Paralympic, da kuma wuraren gasar, wuraren yawon buɗe ido da sauran wurare da ke nesa da cibiyar gasar.

Baya ga kula da hanyoyi da ayyukan sufuri a lokacin gasar, SORTA ita ma ce ke da alhakin sa ido, tsarawa da shirya dukkan hanyoyin sufuri da za su kai jama'a wajen kallon wasannin. Wannan ya haɗa da motoci, bas-bas, jirgin ƙasa na ƙarƙashin ƙasa da jiragen ƙasa na sama, domin mafi yawan jama'a sun isa wuraren gasar ta tashoshin Olympic Park railway line.

Mahallin siyasa

Bukukuwa

Yothu Yindi suna yin waƙa a bikin buɗe gasar Paralympic ta Sydney.

Yayin da sauran 'yan watanni kaɗan suka rage kafin bikin buɗewa, SOCOG ta shiga cikin mamaki a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2000, lokacin da ta gano a bayan fage cewa fitacciyar mawaƙiyar pop Kylie Minogue da ƙungiyar Yothu Yindi za su kasance manyan masu gabatar da shirye-shirye a bikin buɗe gasar Paralympic. Kasancewar Kylie da ƙungiyar ya haifar da ɗan abin kunya ga masu shirya bukukuwan Olympic, waɗanda a ƙarshe suka yanke shawarar gayyatar su su yi wasa a bukukuwan Olympic ɗin.

Sai dai a daidai lokacin da wannan ke faruwa, an riga an san cewa Kylie ba za ta kasance a Ostiraliya a makon farko na wasannin Olympic ba, saboda za ta kasance a Turai a wannan makon tana gudanar da shirye-shiryenta da suka shafi fitar da sabon kundin waƙarta. Kundin Light Years an shirya fitar da shi a mako mai zuwa, kuma ba za ta samu lokacin zuwa Sydney kafin bikin ba. Ƙungiyar kuma ta ci gaba da gudanar da jadawalin kide-kidensu yadda aka saba. A madadin haka, Kylie da ƙungiyar sun amince su shiga bikin rufe gasar, inda suka gabatar da wasanni biyu a matsayin diyya.

Lokacin miƙa mulki

Duk da shekaru biyar na sasanci da haɗin gwiwa da Hukumar Kula da Haɗin Gwiwar Olympic (OCA), dangantaka tsakanin kwamitocin shirya gasar biyu ta yi tsami a lokacin da ake kira lokacin miƙa mulki tsakanin wasannin biyu, wanda ya ɗauki kwanaki 16 (2 zuwa 18 ga Oktoba 2000). A ƙarƙashin jagorancin OCA, an samu yarjejeniya ta bai ɗaya cewa a tabbatar da nasarar Sydney 2000 tare. Amma bayan bikin rufe wasannin Olympic, wasu halaye daga wasu jami'an Olympic sun haifar da babban abin kunya ga mazauna yankin. Bayan 'yan sa'o'i kaɗan da kammala wasannin Olympic, SOCOG da Majalisar Birnin Sydney sun fitar da sanarwar haɗin gwiwa cewa za a cire manyan zoben Olympic da aka rataye a kan Gadar Harbour a cikin kwanaki 16 na wasannin Olympic nan take. Wannan shawarar ta rufe mahimmancin bikin kunna wutar Paralympic a lambunan Australian Parliament Hill da ke Canberra, wanda za a gudanar kwanaki kaɗan bayan haka. Bayan 'yan sa'o'i, shugaban SOCOG, Michael Knight, ya bayyana cewa ba zai sake halartar duk wasu tarukan jama'a da suka shafi wasannin Paralympic ba. Jama'a sun yi Allah-wadai da wannan shawara, kuma an kuma ɗauke ta a matsayin hali marar tausayi, mai mulkin kama-karya da son kai, tare da ganin cewa ramuwar gayya ce ga wasu ayyukan ƙungiyar Paralympic da "suka ƙare da jawo hankali fiye da shirya wasannin Olympic". Bayan sa'o'i da wannan sanarwa, SOCOG ta shirya liyafa a ranar 17 ga Oktoba domin murnar taimakon masu sa kai wajen tabbatar da nasarar wasannin Olympic na bazara na shekara ta 2000. Sai dai ranar da aka zaɓa ta yi daidai da ranar da aka shirya isowar fitilar Paralympic Sydney, kuma aka ƙi sake tsara ranar bikin.

Rigima

Ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta Spain ta masu nakasar fahimta

Wasannin Paralympic na Sydney na shekara ta 2000 sun fuskanci wani babban abin kunya wanda ya sa aka cire 'yan wasa masu nakasar fahimta daga wasannin Paralympic na bazara guda biyu na gaba. Fernando Vicente Martin, tsohon shugaban Ƙungiyar Wasannin Masu Nakasa ta Hankali ta Spain, ya ba 'yan wasa da ba su da nakasa damar shiga wasannin domin samun mafi yawan lambobin zinariya da zai yiwu. An fara samun shakku game da wannan batu a lokacin wasannin farko na gasar ƙwallon kwando ta masu nakasar fahimta, lokacin da wasu motsin jiki, halaye da yadda wasu 'yan wasa ke nuna kansu ba su dace da irin nakasar da suka ce suna da ita ba. An yi iƙirarin cewa aƙalla 10 daga cikin 'yan wasan Spain 12 ba su da wata nakasa, sai dai an ɗauke su aiki ne domin inganta kwazon ƙungiyar da kuma tabbatar da samun kuɗaɗen tallafi a nan gaba. Daga baya an dakatar da Martin daga IPC kuma aka kore shi daga Kwamitin Paralympic na Spain. An gano gaskiyar lamarin game da 'yan wasan masu nakasar fahimta cikin sauri, kuma bayan wasu bincike, Kwamitin Paralympic na Ƙasa da Ƙasa ya yanke shawarar cewa daga wasannin Paralympic na lokacin sanyi na 2002, waɗanda aka shirya gudanarwa a Salt Lake City, Utah, za a cire wasannin 'yan wasa masu nakasar fahimta daga shirin gasar. An soke wannan shawarar a shekara ta 2009, lamarin da ya ba da damar komawarsu gasar a 2012 Summer Paralympics.

Tare da rigimar da ta shafi ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta Spain, Sydney ta samu adadin mafi yawa na gwaje-gwajen amfani da ƙwayoyin haɓaka ƙarfi da suka nuna sakamako mai kyau a tarihin wasannin Paralympic har zuwa wannan lokaci. Daga cikin gwaje-gwaje 630 da aka gudanar, an gano 'yan wasa 11 suna amfani da ƙwayoyin haram.

Rashin gidan watsa shirye-shirye na mai masaukin baki

A yayin jerin tarukan da aka gudanar domin bikin cikar shekaru biyu kafin wasannin, tsakanin Oktoba da Nuwamba 1998, da kuma gabatar da alamar wasannin Lizzie, jami'an IPC sun nuna farin cikinsu da abin da suke gani, domin a karon farko cikin shekaru shida an ga haɗin kai tsakanin ƙungiyoyin Olympic da Paralympic. Amma akwai wani batu guda da ya damu hukumomin Paralympic: rashin gidan watsa shirye-shirye na mai masaukin baki da abokin gidan talabijin na cikin gida a Ostiraliya. A yayin wannan jerin tarukan, shugaban IPC na lokacin, Dr. Robert Steadward, ya yaba da yawancin shirye-shiryen wasannin, amma ya nuna damuwa da yawa game da rashin gidan watsa shirye-shirye na mai masaukin baki, saboda "ba a sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar da ta shafi wannan batu ba". Tun da Sydney Olympic Broadcasting Organisation (SOBO) ce ke da wannan alhakin a wasannin Olympic, babu wata kamfani mai irin wannan alhakin a wasannin Paralympic.

Dr Steadward ya ce game da batun: "Babbar damuwarmu ce [rashin gidan watsa shirye-shirye na mai masaukin baki]." "Kamar yadda na fahimta, har yanzu suna [masu shirya Sydney] cikin tattaunawa, suna fatan cewa zuwa ko kafin ƙarshen wannan shekara za su samu amsa game da yanayin tallafin talabijin ga wasannin."

A cewar Steadward, rashin gidan watsa shirye-shirye na mai masaukin baki "na iya sa watsa wasannin ya zama abu mai wahala kuma ya rage sha'awar masu kallo a duniya." "Idan babu gidan watsa shirye-shirye na mai masaukin baki, gidajen talabijin masu sha'awar wasan za su aika da ma'aikatansu ko kuma su biya ma'aikatan cikin gida domin samar da hotuna da ɗaukar wasu ƙananan wasanni, wanda zai zama aiki mai tsada da wahala sosai."

Tsakanin 1996 da 1999, SPOC ta yi shawarwari da Channel 7 da sauran gidajen talabijin na Ostiraliya masu kyauta kan aikin gidan watsa shirye-shirye na mai masaukin baki, da fatan samun yarjejeniya da za ta ba su damar zama gidan watsa shirye-shirye na mai masaukin baki da kuma abokin cikin gida a lokacin wasannin, amma har zuwa wannan lokacin ba ta samu damar kammala yarjejeniya ko cika wa'adin da ta sanya wa kanta ba. Ga Steadward, wannan ya kasance babban abin damuwa: "Rashin gidajen watsa shirye-shirye zai rage matuƙar yawan watsa wasannin Paralympic a cikin gida da na ƙasashen waje, kuma zai hana ɗaya daga cikin manyan manufofin gudanar da taron," in ji Steadward a wannan taron manema labarai. "Matsalar ba wai kawai tabbatar da cewa 'yan Ostiraliya sun samu damar kallon 'yan wasansu na Paralympic a talabijin ba ce." "Abu ɗaya ne a tabbatar da cewa 'yan Ostiraliya sun san abin da ke faruwa da 'yan wasansu, amma Faransawa, Jamusawa, Swedenawa da Kanada da sauran ƙasashe da yawa suna da sha'awar aika bayanai game da abin da ke faruwa da 'yan wasansu, kuma yana cikin amfaninmu mu samu wannan bayanin ta talabijin. Dr Steadward ya kuma ce "matsalar ba sabuwa ba ce kuma rashin masu tallafawa wasannin Paralympic yana sa ya yi wahala ga masu shirya wasannin samun kuɗin da za su biya gidan talabijin domin ya zama gidan watsa shirye-shiryen mai masaukin baki. Wannan na iya kashe tsakanin dala miliyan 5 zuwa 10." Sai dai ya ce yana "matukar farin ciki" da shirye-shiryen Sydney. "Daga mahangar mu babu matsala," in ji shi. Ya kuma yi mamakin irin ƙwarewar da aka gani a Sydney, kuma ya yaba da haɗin gwiwar da ke tsakanin SOCOG da SPOC, yana hasashen abin da zai iya faruwa a bugu na gaba, kamar haɗa tsarin shirya wasannin biyu wuri guda, kamar yadda Salt Lake City ke yi wa wasannin lokacin sanyi na 2002 da Athens, wadda tuni take shiryawa haka don 2004. "Ba zan iya yin farin ciki fiye da haka ba. Ban taɓa ganin irin wannan kyakkyawar haɗin gwiwa tsakanin kwamitin shirya wasanni da IPC ba. Na yi matukar farin ciki da wannan ɓangaren."

Bayan watanni biyu, a ranar 8 ga Disamba 1999, Ms Louis Appleby, shugabar zartarwa ta SPOC a lokacin, ta bayyana a wani taron manema labarai cewa "tattaunawa da Channel 7 ta rushe ne saboda wata shawara marar kyau da daraktocin tashar suka gabatar. Shawarar kwamitin daraktocin Channel 7 ita ce kada a watsa wani daga cikin abubuwan wasannin Paralympic na Sydney kai tsaye a talabijin kyauta". Maimakon haka, "Seven ta ba da shawarar nuna shirin taƙaitaccen awa ɗaya na "mafi kyawun abubuwan kowace rana" da ƙarfe 11 na dare, sannan a sake nuna shirin a tashar talabijin ta biyan kuɗi a rana ta gaba. Hatta bukukuwan ba za a watsa su kai tsaye ba." Saboda rashin wasu zaɓuɓɓuka, kwamitin SPOC na iya ɗaukar wannan shawara a matsayin ita ce kaɗai zaɓi mai yiwuwa. Amma Appleby ta bayyana a wannan rana cewa, "Shawarar Seven ta yi ƙasa sosai da matakin da muke tsammani daga gidan watsa shirye-shiryen mai masaukin baki."

"SPOC ta shafe fiye da watanni 12 tana neman gidan watsa shirye-shirye na mai masaukin baki, amma ta kasa shawo kan kowace tashar ta samar da manyan hotunan wasannin domin kada su kasance ga kasuwar Ostiraliya kawai, amma ga sauran duniya." "Shawarar Channel 7 ta yi ƙasa sosai da abin da SPOC kanta ke tsammani daga gidan watsa shirye-shiryen mai masaukin baki, kuma za ta rage matakin watsa wasannin sosai idan aka kwatanta da abin da aka yi a Atlanta da Barcelona." Ta kuma bayyana rashin gamsuwarta da wannan shawara. Seven tana son amfani da kyamarar mutum ɗaya ga kowane wasa, yayin da amfani da kyamarori da yawa da motocin watsa shirye-shirye, wanda ya saba da abubuwan da suka kai wannan girma, zai kasance ga bukukuwan buɗewa da rufewa ne kawai, ba ga kowace gasa ba." "Haka kuma, ɗaukar hoto da kyamara ɗaya zai fi karkata ga tawagar Ostiraliya, wanda zai kuma rage sha'awa da yawan masu kallo a wasu ƙasashe. "Gidajen talabijin na ƙasashen waje da ke da sha'awa yanzu za su fuskanci yiwuwar aika ma'aikatansu domin ɗaukar tawagarsu, wanda babu makawa zai ƙara musu kuɗi kuma zai iya sa su janye." Batun watsa wasannin Paralympic ya kasance mai wahala ga Seven, saboda tashar ta sayi haƙƙin watsa wasannin bazara na 1996, tare da babban fata, saboda wasannin na gaba za a gudanar da su a Ostiraliya, amma abubuwa sun tafi akasin yadda ake tsammani yayin watsa wasannin, lamarin da ya haifar da ƙarancin buƙatar masu tallafawa da yawan masu kallo da ya yi ƙasa sosai da tsammani, wanda ya haifar da babbar asara. Lokacin da aka fara sabon zagayen tattaunawa, daraktocin tashar sun nemi tabbacin kuɗi sama da dala miliyan 3 na Ostiraliya "idan ba su samu adadin tallafin da ake tsammani ba kafin fara wasannin". Ms Appleby ta ce "sun yi matukar farin ciki" "da shawarar, duk da cewa akwai damuwa ciki har da "kuɗi... da lokacin talabijin". Ta ce SPOC "har yanzu tana tattaunawa kan adadin kuɗin, amma tabbas ba sa shirin kashe kuɗi domin sayen lokaci a tashar".

An sanar da gidan watsa shirye-shirye na mai masaukin baki a taron World Broadcaster na wasannin Olympic da Paralympic na Sydney 2000 da aka gudanar a ranar 14 ga Satumba 1999. Ga gidan watsa shirye-shiryen mai masaukin baki na Paralympic, haɗin gwiwar kamfanonin cikin gida Global Television da All Media Sports ne suka gudanar da wannan aiki. SPOC ta kuma naɗa wani kamfanin Media Content, PLC da ke London a matsayin wakilin sayar da haƙƙin watsa shirye-shiryen talabijin na musamman ga duniya baki ɗaya, ban da Ostiraliya, na wasannin Paralympic na Sydney 2000. An sanar da hakan a taron World Broadcaster na wasannin Olympic da Paralympic na Sydney 2000.

A watan Disamba 1999, shawarar gidan rediyon jama'a na Ostiraliya na sanya ABC a matsayin abokin gidan talabijin na cikin gida na SPOC an amince da ita. Abin da ya sa SPOC ta amince da shawarar ABC shi ne ƙwarewar da aka samu a baya wajen watsa wasannin Paralympic tun daga 1988. Watsa shirye-shiryen talabijin ɗinsu ya ƙunshi sa'o'i 96 na wasanni kai tsaye, tare da sa'o'i 2 kai tsaye a ranakun mako da kuma babban watsa shirye-shirye a ƙarshen mako wanda ya wuce sa'o'i 20. Kowace rana kusan 'yan Ostiraliya miliyan 12 suna kallon wannan gagarumar watsa shirye-shiryen da ba a taɓa yin irinta ba cikin kwanaki 17. Bukukuwan buɗewa da rufewa sun zama shirye-shiryen da suka fi samun masu kallo a tarihin tashar, inda suka zarce waɗanda aka samu a irin waɗannan bukukuwa a 1982 Commonwealth Games. Watsa shirye-shiryen tashar bai tsaya ga talabijin kawai ba, an ƙirƙiri wani shafin yanar gizo na musamman kuma na zamani domin ɗaukar labaran wasannin. An wallafa tambayoyi a shafin kuma ana sabunta sakamakonsu kai tsaye.

Ɗaukar hoto da labarai

Duk da cewa suna da mabambanta masu mallakar haƙƙi, alaƙa tsakanin SOCOG da SPOC ta haifar da inganta ɗaukar hoto da labarai na Wasannin Olimpic da na Paralympics. A karon farko, an tsara ayyuka da gudanarwar kafafen labarai tare don abubuwan guda biyu, a cikin wani mataki da ya faɗaɗa isa ga abubuwan guda biyu zuwa sikelin da ba a taɓa gani ba a baya. Yin amfani da wurare guda a cikin ma'aunin kowane al'amari ya sa aikin ya zama mai sauƙi. Ya bayyana sarai cewa ɓangaren MMC da aka dakatar da amfani da shi an maida shi wurin gudanar da wasanni yayin Wasannin Paralympics. Wani abu ne mabanbanta da abin da ya faru shekaru huɗu da suka gabata a Atlanta. Wannan yana nuna ingantattun canje-canje a cikin siffa da girman ɗaukar hoto da labaran Wasannin Paralympic.

Teburin da ke ƙasa yana ba da wasu bayanai game da aikin ma'aikata a Cibiyar Kafafen Labarai ta Wasannin Olimpic da na Paralympics bi da bi:

	Jimillar adadi	Mafi yawan adadi a lokaci guda
Masu samun albashi	114 Olimpic 70 Paralympics	114 Olimpic 70 Paralympics
Masu sa-kai	1113 Olimpic 253 Paralympics	340 Olimpic 80 Paralympics
Yan kwangila	1078 Olimpic 223 Paralympics	490 Olimpic 70 Paralympics

Babban Cibiyar Kafafen Labarai (MMC) ta sake buɗewa a ranar 11 ga Oktoba, 2000, kuma ta yi aiki sa'o'i 24 a rana har zuwa ranar 30 ga watan. Tare da MMC akwai ofishin bincike da bayani, har da ɗakin karatu wanda ofisoshin Sadarwa na SOCOG ke gudanarwa. Wasu masu sa-kai na Cibiyar Binciken Olimpic a Jami'ar New South Wales su ma sun yi aiki a wasu mukamai. WeMedia kuma ta samar da intanet da ɗaukar hoto da labaran wasannin kuma ta kasance mai ɗaukar nauyi da abokin tarayya na Wasannin Paralympics na Sydney. A lokacin wasannin, WeMedia tana da ma'aikata 300 da ke aiki a MMC. Mai watsa shirye-shirye na hukuma na Ostiraliya na wasannin, ABC, yana da ƙaramar tawaga ta mutane 30 don ɗaukar hoto da labaran talabijin.

Har ila yau a cikin teburin da ke ƙasa, an jera ƙiyasin adadin kafafen labarai da aka amince da su a Wasannin Summer Paralympic daga 1992 zuwa 2008.

Ƙiyasin adadin ma'aikatan kafafen labarai da aka amince da su a Wasannin Paralympics

Wurin wasanni	Adadi
Barcelona	1500
Atlanta	2000
Sydney	2400
Athens	3100
Beijing	5700

Kamfanin Dillancin Labarai na Kanada (Canadian Broadcasting Corporation) yana da kusan ma'aikata 200 a Sydney domin Wasannin Olimpic, mutane 6 a muhimman mukamai sun tsaya a Sydney don gudanar da ɗaukar hoto da labaran Wasannin Paralympic. Tare da ɗaukar hoto kai tsaye, Kamfanin Dillancin Labarai na Kanada ya nuna shirye-shirye guda huɗu masu tsawon sa'a ɗaya na Wasannin Paralympic bayan an gama al'amarin.

Haka kuma tare da ɗaukar hoto kai tsaye, TVNZ ta nuna shirye-shirye na musamman guda huɗu masu tsawon sa'a ɗaya na al'amarin bayan ƙarshensu.

A Amurka, CBS ta watsa wani shiri na musamman da ake kira Role Models for the 21st Century: The Sydney 2000 Paralympic Games. Shirin na musamman ya yi tsawon sa'o'i biyu kuma an nuna shi makonni biyu bayan ƙarshen wasannin.

BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation) wanda ya yi ɗaukar hoto da labarai na musamman, ya ba masu kallo damar bayyana ra'ayoyinsu game da wasannin. An wallafa tsokaci a ƙarƙashin taken "Has the Sydney Paralympics been a success?" a shafinsu na yanar gizo. An ambaci wata mai kallo, Carole Neale daga Ingila, tana wallafawa: "Ina baƙin ciki sosai da na tarar cewa ɗaukar hoto da labaran ya ƙuntata zuwa ƙasa da sa'a ɗaya a kowace yamma, a lokacin da yawancin mutane har yanzu suna kan hanyar komawa gida daga aiki, kuma an maida shi zuwa BBC2, sabanin Wasannin Olimpic wanda yake da sarari na musamman na yamma a BBC1 gami da ɗaukar hoto kai tsaye a kowane lokaci".

Bayyanar gani na musamman

Wannan shine aikace-aikacen samfurin gani na wasannin lokacin gasar wasan volleyball na tsaye.

Duk da duk kusanci da ci gaba ta hanyar gudanar da ayyuka na haɗin gwiwa, abubuwan guda biyu suna da mabanbantan siffofi na gani da alamar kamfanoni. Kamar yadda yake a wasu al'amuran da suka gabata, wannan ya haifar da rudani saboda wahalar bambance launuka, tambari da sauran halaye na biyu, kuma ya haifar da ƙirƙirar sahu daban-daban don haɓaka Tsarin Gani na Wasannin Paralympics. Kamar Wasannin Olimpic, wannan ƙungiyar tana da alhakin samar da ado, jagorancin hanya da tsarin alama da shaida guda ɗaya don wuraren gasa kusan 20, manyan wurare marasa gasa guda biyar, Sydney Olympic Park (SOP), da wuraren shakatawa da na gama-gari a Sydney da Parramatta. Koyaya, wannan ƙungiyar ta yi aiki a kan ƙaramin kasafin kuɗi mai ƙarancin gaske da sharuɗɗa daban-daban fiye da takaranta na Olimpic. Wannan ya haifar da ayyukan da suka haifar da mafi yawan sake amfani da abubuwa da yawa da aka yi amfani da su a lokacin Wasannin Olimpic yayin da aka yi su da katako ko wasu nau'ikan kayan da za a iya sake amfani da su. Koyaya, kwana ɗaya bayan bikin rufewar Olimpic, an fara bincike don ganin waɗanne kayayyaki ne ke cikin halin da za a iya sake amfani da su kuma ba za a iya zubar da su ba. Don haka, an iya maido da ko adana adadi mai yawa na allunan sanarwa da kayan aiki. Waɗanda aka zubar an maye gurbinsu da alama/shaida ta Paralympic tare da takamaiman zane-zane. Don haka, waɗancan abubuwan da aka yi amfani da alamar "Sydney 2000" an kiyaye su, da nufin ci gaba da adana yanayin biki da aka samu a Wasannin Olimpic da kuma nuna dabi'u na gama-gari na abubuwan guda biyu. Manufar ita ce a ba wuraren sabuwar shaidar Paralympic ta musamman, yayin da ake gudanar da yanayin biki da matakin gabatarwa mai kama da Wasannin Olimpic.

Lokacin canji

Kallon panoramic a cikin Sydney Superdome lokacin gasar wasan kwallon kwando na keken guragu a Wasannin Paralympic na Sydney 2000.

Ciwon kai da aka samu a Atlanta game da siffofin gani na Wasannin Olimpic da Paralympics ya haifar da matsaloli da yawa da ƙararrakin shari'a da kuma ƙarancin shaida da bambanci tsakanin 'yan wasa, al'ummomin gida da masu kallo. Saboda waɗannan batutuwa, a karon farko an haɓaka tsarin shimfiɗa na wasanni.

Tsakanin 1997 da 1999 an haɓaka sabuwar siffar gani ta musamman kuma mabanbanta gaba ɗaya don Paralympics, amma saboda kusanci da haɗewar fannoni guda na abubuwan biyu ta hanyar OCA tare da batutuwan kasafin kuɗi a ɓangarorin biyu ya ƙare da haifar da haɗewar abubuwan zane da yawa. Misali na wannan haɗin gwiwar shine ƙirƙirar sabbin zane-zanen wasanni na paralympic guda takwas. Wani haɗin gwiwa na gama-gari shine amfani da launin shuɗi, alamar "Sydney 2000" da zane-zanen "fluid energy". Koyaya, tare da sabbin abubuwa yanzu a cikin launukan tambarin Paralympics. Wani bincike tare da manajojin gasa da wuraren wasanni game da yuwuwar canje-canje a cikin siffar gani a lokacin Paralympics. Mafi yawancin jama'a sun zaɓi kiyaye wanda aka yi amfani da shi lokacin Olimpic. Koyaya, an yi ƙananan canje-canje a kusan duk alamomi da abubuwa a duk filayen wasa da allunan bayani, wanda ya ba da ra'ayi cewa abubuwan biyu ɓangare guda ne. A cikin matsanancin yanayi kawai, kamar filayen wasan kwallon kwando guda uku da rugby na keken guragu, akwai buƙatar canza benaye na filayen da ke ɗauke da Tambarin Olimpic a tsakiyar filin.

Kallon panoramic a cikin Sydney Dome lokacin gasar rugby na keken guragu a Wasannin Paralympic na Sydney 2000.

Mafita ga canje-canjen alamomi ya kasance mai sauƙi saboda ƙarancin kasafin kuɗin da aka yi amfani da shi. Waɗancan alamun da ba za a iya maye gurbinsu ba an rufe su da lambobi inda aka rufe alamomin SOCOG da IOC da alamomin SPOC da IPC, wanda ya rage farashi. Wani tsarin kuma shine sake saita abubuwan da ke cikin kyakkyawan yanayi don amfani da su zuwa sauran yankuna. Don wannan aikin, an ƙirƙiri jerin fifikon wurare, dangane da bayanin kowane wasa kuma a kan farashin kula da su. A matsakaici, kowanne ya karɓi AUD$5.000, inda mafi tsadar adadin da aka zuba a Filin Wasa na Olimpic shine AUD$80,000. An rage ainihin ƙimomin saboda sake amfani da mafi yawan fannonin gani na Wasannin Olimpic, waɗanda aka yi su da yadudduka da aka sake amfani da su, katako da sauran kayayyaki masu sauƙi. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan gyare-gyare, an yi ƙarshen buƙatu a wasu takamaiman wurare na biki da na gama-gari, waɗanda aka yi bayan aiwatar da canjin Olimpic da buƙatun fasaha da gudanarwa, an mika su ga manajojin gudanarwa daban-daban. Tsarin ya kuma sami nasarar fitar da sakamako a wurare 5 a wajen Sydney Olympic Park waɗanda suka sami nasarar kiyaye abubuwan gani na Wasannin Olimpic gaba ɗaya kuma sun karɓi wadansu da suka fito daga sauran wurare kuma a wasu lokuta akwai buƙatar rufe alamomin Olimpic da sauye-sauyen alama. Koyaya, Olympic Park ya zama matsala a lokacin canjin al'amari. Domin a aiwatar da salon Paralympic ɗinsu a minti na ƙarshe. Kusan 2/3 na alluna da alamomin shaida an cire su a cikin canjin tare da niyyar sauƙaƙe ayyuka a lokacin Paralympics. Saboda wannan zubarwa, dole ne a buga sabbin kayayyaki ko ƙirƙirar su.

Misali na haɗe-haɗen amfani da Alamomin Olimpic da Paralympics.

Tambari

Tambarin Wasannin Summer Paralympics na Sydney 2000 da wutar kyandir ta Paralympic an haɓaka su ne ta hukumar tallace-tallace ta FHA Image Design daga Melbourne kuma sun fito fili a ranar 18 ga Oktoba, 1996, shekaru huɗu kafin bikin buɗewa, a cikin wani shiri na musamman da aka gudanar a Sydney Harbour Bridge. An lura cewa duk da kasancewar da farko mabanbantan siffofin gani, siffofin Olimpic da Paralympic na Sydney suna cika juna kuma ana gane su ta hanyar abubuwa guda da zane-zane.

Hukumar ta Victoria ta riga ta shiga cikin duk tsarin gani na Wasannin Olimpic da na Paralympics kuma ta haɗa abubuwan gani da yawa na abubuwan guda biyu kamar zane-zane, siginonin tituna da alamomin kasuwanci a ƙarƙashin sunan "Sydney 2000". Tambarin Wasannin Summer Paralympic na 2000 wakilci ne na mutum mai ƙarfi yana tsalle cikin nasara zuwa gaba da 'fasa ta' zuwa wasannin.

Tambarin ya sami rai, shekaru uku bayan ƙaddamar da shi, tare da sanarwar wutar kyandir ta Paralympic cewa a zahiri ruhin Paralympic ne ke aiki. Kamar yadda siffar gani ta al'amarin ta maida hankali akan ƙarfin da 'yan wasan Paralympic ke fitarwa. Ya wakilci ƙarfin da ɗan wasan paralympic ke fitarwa lokacin "fasa shamaki" ko "bango na tubali, kankare ko gilashi". Wannan kuma yana bayyana a cikin wutar Paralympic da ruhi, wanda aka haɗa a lokacin da taken "jiki, tunani da ruhi".

Wani hoton da za a iya gani a ciki shine wutar kyandir ta Paralympic wacce ke cikin matsayin mika wa mai ɗauka na gaba tare da ra'ayoyi masu ban sha'awa ga duniya da kuma nan gaba tare da amfani da Futura Typeface don rubuta wasannin tare da sunayen birnin da ya karɓi bakuncin da shekarar. An gani na musamman na mai karɓar bakuncin a cikin gaskiyar cewa yana kuma nuni zuwa gidan Opera na Sydney da Port Jackson (Sydney Harbour) tare da tebunsa da kwalare ta hanyar amfani da keɓaɓɓun siffofi na zane guda uku waɗanda ke nuni zuwa wannan fasalin. Hukumar ta haɓaka keɓaɓɓun launuka na launuka 3 na tsohuwar tutar Paralympic don wakiltar na musamman halaye na ƙasar da ta karɓi bakuncin: shuɗin teku yana wakiltar teku biyu da ke wanke Ostiraliya (Tekun Indiya da Tekun Pasifik), ja mai ɗumi na Outback da koren daji mai daɗi wanda ke wakiltar tsire-tsire da dabbobin Ostiraliya na musamman. Tambarin kuma yana ƙunshe da ƙarfin birnin da ya karɓi bakuncin, ruhin Ostiraliya, da nasarorin ɗan wasan Paralympic.

Tambari

Hukumar tallace-tallace ta FHA Image Design daga Melbourne ta haɓaka tambarin Wasannin Summer Paralympics na Sydney 2000 da wutar kyandir ta Paralympic, sannan sun fito fili a ranar 18 ga Oktoba, 1996, shekaru huɗu kafin bikin buɗewa, a cikin wani shiri na musamman da aka gudanar a Sydney Harbour Bridge. An lura cewa duk da kasancewar da farko mabanbantan siffofin gani, siffofin Olimpic da Paralympic na Sydney suna cika juna kuma ana gane su ta hanyar abubuwa guda da zane-zane.

Hukumar ta Victoria ta riga ta shiga cikin duk tsarin gani na Wasannin Olimpic da na Paralympics kuma ta haɗa abubuwan gani da yawa na abubuwan guda biyu kamar zane-zane, siginonin tituna da alamomin kasuwanci a ƙarƙashin sunan "Sydney 2000". Tambarin Wasannin Summer Paralympic na 2000 wakilci ne na mutum mai ƙarfi yana tsalle cikin nasara zuwa gaba da 'fasa ta' zuwa wasannin.

Tambarin ya sami rai, shekaru uku bayan ƙaddamar da shi, tare da sanarwar wutar kyandir ta Paralympic cewa a zahiri ruhin Paralympic ne ke aiki. Kamar yadda siffar gani ta al'amarin ta maida hankali akan ƙarfin da 'yan wasan Paralympic ke fitarwa. Ya wakilci ƙarfin da ɗan wasan paralympic ke fitarwa lokacin "fasa shamaki" ko "bango na tubali, kankare ko gilashi". Wannan kuma yana bayyana a cikin wutar Paralympic da ruhi, wanda aka haɗa a lokacin da taken "jiki, tunani da ruhi".

Wani hoton da za a iya gani a ciki shine wutar kyandir ta Paralympic wacce ke cikin matsayin mika wa mai ɗauka na gaba tare da ra'ayoyi masu ban sha'awa ga duniya da kuma nan gaba tare da amfani da Futura Typeface don rubuta wasannin tare da sunayen birnin da ya karɓi bakuncin da shekarar. An gani na musamman na mai karɓar bakuncin a cikin gaskiyar cewa yana kuma nuni zuwa gidan Opera na Sydney da Sydney Harbour tare da tebunsa da kwalare ta hanyar amfani da keɓaɓɓun siffofi na zane guda uku waɗanda ke nuni zuwa wannan fasalin. Hukumar ta haɓaka keɓaɓɓun launuka na launuka 3 na tsohuwar tutar Paralympic don wakiltar na musamman halaye na ƙasar da ta karɓi bakuncin: shuɗin teku yana wakiltar teku biyu da ke wanke Ostiraliya (Tekun Indiya da Tekun Pasifik), ja mai ɗumi na Outback da koren daji mai daɗi wanda ke wakiltar tsire-tsire da dabbobin Ostiraliya na musamman. Tambarin kuma yana ƙunshe da ƙarfin birnin da ya karɓi bakuncin, ruhin Ostiraliya, da nasarorin ɗan wasan Paralympic.

Tsarin tikiti

Cikakken tsarin sigina, aikace-aikacen ƙira na musamman don Wasannin Paralympics, yana da alaƙa sosai da ƙirar tikiti da shimfida kuma an yi amfani da tsarin gani mai sauƙi sosai, dangane da tambarin wasannin, inda zane-zanen suka fi girma.

Invincible Summer: Bikin Fasaha na Paralympic

Kamar yadda aka yi a Atlanta da Nagano, Sydney ita ma ta gudanar da Bikin Al'adu na Paralympiad. Shahararren ɗan gida Leo Schofield ne ya jagoranci shirya wannan bikin fasaha. A lokacin wannan al'amari, bikin nuna fina-finai tare da manyan agwagi masu kumbura, wasannin motsa jiki a sama da raye-raye a tsakiyar titi, kankana na 'yan tsana, manyan shanaye masu rawa da kifaye masu waƙa, masu kiɗan kanga na Senegal da mawakan Ostiraliya sun ɗaga matakin farin ciki a Sydney Olympic Park a lokacin wasannin. Wannan shiri, wanda aka ɗauka a matsayin mai sabuntawa, ya fara ne a ranar 20 ga Oktoba, 2000 tare da Babban Kunsurcin Wasannin Paralympic a Gidan Opera na Sydney. Tare da halartar Sea 2000 Choir da fitaccen shirin wasan kwaikwayo da raye-raye da ke tattare da masu fasaha masu buƙatu na musamman daga ko'ina cikin duniya a Seymour Theater Centre na Jami'ar Sydney.

A mamaye cikin birnin, an gudanar da baje kolin fasahar gani da dama tare da gogewar kafofin watsa labarai daban-daban, inda masu ziyara suka sami damar cin moriyar ayyukan fasaha daga Amurka, Faransa, Meksiko, Birtaniya, Sweden, Brazil, Vietnam, Japan, Masar da Jamhuriyar Czech, gami da ɗaya daga cikin manyan sunayen fasaha a Ostiraliya.

Bukukuwa

Tawagar Ostiraliya a bukin buɗewa

Bukukuwan buɗewa

Kallon sama zuwa babban kayan ado na Bikin Buɗe Wasannin Summer Paralympics na 2000, wani giant Bronwyn Bancroft wanda aka zana yana wakiltar wurin taron 'Yan Asali an zana shi kai tsaye lokacin Jerin Gwano na Kasashe.

Nathan Cavaleri yana gabatarwa lokacin Bikin Buɗewa

Melissa Ippolito tana gabatarwa lokacin Bikin Buɗewa

Louise Sauvage tana kunna Wutar Paralympic lokacin Bukukuwan Buɗewa

An gudanar da bikin buɗewa a maraicen 18 ga Oktoba, tare da fiye da masu yin wasan kwaikwayo da masu sa-kai 6000 da suka halarta. Shirin ya fara ne lokacin da ɗan wasan keken guragu na Ostiraliya Jeffrey St. John ya rera waƙar ƙasa "Advance Australia Fair" da wata waƙa ta musamman domin al'amarin mai suna "The Challenge". Shahararren ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Ostiraliya Bryan Brown ya yi aiki a matsayin jagoran bikin don al'amarin kuma mawakin ƙasa Graeme Connors ya rera waƙar "Being Here", a matsayin hukumar waƙar taken al'amarin. Yayin da John Grant, shugaban SPOC, da Robert Steadward, shugaban IPC, suka yi jawabi kafin Sir William Deane ya bayyana buɗe wasannin a hukumance. A cikin karya al'ada, mai kunna gita Nathan Cavaleri ya kunna Waƙar Paralympic tare da gitarsa ta lantarki yayin da aka daga Tutar Paralympic. Wannan ya biyo bayan Tracey Cross, mace mai yin iyo makanta, tana yin rantsuwa a madadin 'yan wasa da Mary Longden, mai alƙalan equestrian, tana yin rantsuwa a madadin jami'ai. Sashen tsare-tsare ya ƙare lokacin da Louise Savage ta kunna Wutar Paralympic.

A tsakanin Yothu Yindi, wasu masu fasaha na 'yan asali guda biyu sun yi wasa a farkon sashen al'ada: mai rera waƙa Christine Anu da Mark Atkins (yana kunna didgeridoo), sauran masu yin wasan kwaikwayo na sassan al'ada sun haɗa da ƙungiyar Taxiride, 'yan wasan kwaikwayo: Melissa Ippolito da Jack Thompson. Masu rera waƙa Billy Thorpe, Renee Geyer, Tina Harris da Vanessa Amorosi. Bikin na sa'o'i 2 da minti 30 ya ƙare lokacin da Kylie Minogue ta hau kan fage tare da musamman a cappella siffar "Waltzing Matilda", gabatarwarta na waƙar Kool & the Gang ta "Celebration" da waƙarta mai tashe na yanzu "Spinning Around".

Bukukuwan rufewa

Wutar lantarki da ta fara Bukukuwan Rufewa

Bayan ƙarshen wasannin ƙarshe da ba da lambobin yabo na su, "bikin ƙarshen duk bukukuwa" ya faru ba tare da wata matsala ba. Taron ƙarshe na wasannin ya fara ne da ƙarfe 7:30 na yamma kuma ya kasance biki cike da wutar lantarki, motsin rai da bukukuwa. Duk 'yan wasa da tawagori sun haɗu a karon ƙarshe don yin sallama da kuma ƙarasa wasannin. Yayin da Sydney ta rubuta sunanta a tarihi, makomar Wasannin Summer Paralympic tana da tsaro maras kyau da duhu. Akwai rashin tabbas da yawa da ke kewaye da matakan gaba na Tattakin Paralympic. Wannan damuwa tana da ma'ana saboda kwangilar birnin da ya karɓi bakuncin da dimbin batutuwa sun maida gudanar da fitowa ta gaba zuwa wani abu na rashin tabbas da tsaro gaba ɗaya. Wannan batun sakamakon gaskiyar cewa tattaunawa tsakanin Kwamitin Paralympic na Duniya da hukumomin Girka sun tsaya cak na 'yan watanni. Wannan zai iya cire Wasannin Paralympic daga Athens kuma ya maida su zuwa wani wuri daban, yana sanya haɗari ga kowane nau'in tsari da 'yan wasa, manajoji da sauran masu ruwa da tsaki suka yi. Rikicin tsakanin IPC da hukumomin Girka ya kasance wani babi a cikin alakar da ke tsakanin IOC da su, wanda aka bayyana a farkon waccan shekarar kuma ya zama mai tsanani ta yadda shugaban gudanarwa na Olimpic na lokacin, ɗan saniya Juan Antonio Samaranch, dole ne ya shiga tsakani kai tsaye a ATHOC saboda adadin jinkiri da tarnaƙi na tsarin mulki da suka sanya gudanar da Wasannin Olimpic a haɗari.

Daidai lokacin da ake cire tutar Paralympic daga filin wasa da kuma kashe wutar Paralympic.

Kallon panoramic na Bikin Rufewa Biki na Wasannin Paralympic na Sydney 2000

Kodayake shigowar IOC tsakani a ATHOC ba a taɓa yin irinsa ba, rashin motsi na masu shirya taron na Girka wajen sanya hannu kan takardun da suka shafi tabbacin Wasannin Summer Paralympic na 2004, ya haushar da kuma kunyata Kwamitin Paralympic na Duniya, har ta kai ga a lokacin taron manema labarai na farko da aka gudanar a Sydney, shugaban IPC na lokacin, ɗan Kanada Robert Steadward, ya bayyana a fili kwanaki kafin bikin buɗewa cewa tattaunawa da Athens "ba ta ci gaba kamar yadda ake tsammani ba a cikin 1997" kuma "har zuwa wancan lokacin ba a sa hannu kan kwangilar birnin da ya karɓi bakuncin na fitowa mai zuwa na lokacin zafi ba". Wanda ya nuna "kula da mutane masu buƙatu na musamman da ake musu a Girka, ana sanya su a matsayin mutane masu daraja ta biyu". Bugu da ƙari, sukar da ya yi tana da ma'ana sosai, tun da Wasannin Paralympic ba su san da su sosai ba ga mafi yawan al'ummar Girka kuma hukumomin gida "ba su tsaya tsakani ba". Tun lokacin da aka koma gudanar da Olimpic da Paralympics a birni ɗaya a shekarar 1988, irin wannan yanayi ba ya faruwa kuma yayin da rashin tabbas yake a zahiri akwai haɗarin cewa kowane nuni zuwa Athens ko Girka za a cire shi daga ƙa'idar aiki na bukukuwan rufewa. Wannan kuma mai yiwuwa ya haɗa da gabatar da waƙar ƙasar Girka, ambaton Athens a cikin bayanin rufewa har ma da soke mika tutar Paralympic tare da tsammanin nuni na al'ada a cikin abin da ake kira bikin Antwerp. Wannan jinkiri a cikin tsarin da kuma wasu yanayi masu kunyata saboda rashin son rai na Kwamitin Shirye-shiryen Girka na lokacin ya ƙarfafa sauran birane a duniya waɗanda ke son karɓar bakuncin Wasannin Paralympic a maimakon Athens. Jita-jita ta nuna cewa wasannin na iya kasancewa a Sydney, saboda babban nasarar wannan fitowa ko kuma Stockholm, Cape Town (wadda ta rasa haƙƙin karɓar bakuncin Wasannin Summer Olympics na 2004 ga Athens), baya ga Barcelona da aikin haɗin gwiwa na London da Manchester za su iya kasancewa a cikin tattaunawar sirri.

Tsawatarwar Stedward ba ta yi kyau ba tare da hukumomin gwamnatin Girka da birnin Athens, waɗanda a ranar da ta biyo baya suka maida martani ga sukar. Suka bayyana a fili cewa "saboda shigar tsakani da Kwamitin Olimpic na Duniya ya yi tun daga ranar 9 ga Mayu na wannan shekara, duk tattaunawa tsakanin ATHOC da Kwamitin Paralympic na Duniya an dakatar da su har abada. Birnin Athens ya ɗauki alƙawari a fili don karɓar bakuncin Wasannin Summer Paralympics na 2004, amma har yanzu ba zai iya ba da ainihin tabbaci kan wannan ba, saboda bai amince da wasu sharuɗɗan da aka mika a cikin kwangilar birnin da ya karɓi bakuncin da IPC ta mika ba. Za a samar da ƙarin bayani nan ba da daɗewa ba lokacin da aka warware waɗannan batutuwa a cikin ci gaban waɗannan tattaunawa. "Saboda rashin sani gaba ɗaya game da waɗannan batutuwa, zauren birnin Athens ya kasance cikin yanayi na "harbin tsakani", saboda yana tsakiyar musayar zarge-zarge tsakanin Masu Shiryawa da majalisar ministocin Costas Simitis.

Batutuwa na matsin lamba game da waɗannan batutuwa da ba za a iya bayyana su a fili ba har zuwa wancan lokacin sun kai ga kunnuwan IOC, wanda ya fara ƙoƙarin shiga tsakani a yanayin. Amma, har ma kafin ƙarshen, majalisar birnin Athens, a matsayin alamar kyakkyawar niyya a cikin tattaunawar waɗannan sharuɗɗa "masu jawo contention", ta yanke shawarar aikawa da ƙaramar tawaga ta wucin gadi a minti na ƙarshe zuwa Sydney don shiga cikin bikin rufewa da karɓar tutar Paralympic. Wannan tawaga ta samu jagorancin mataimakin shef na lokacin Nikos Yiatrakos don karɓar tutar Paralympic a madadin birnin lokacin bikin rufewa. Tabbatar da ainihin nufin 'yan Girka na karɓar bakuncin Wasannin Paralympic. Bayan kwanaki kaɗan ya bayyana cewa batun kansa yana da alaƙa da gaskiyar cewa IPC tana buƙatar 'yan Girka su biya garantin dalar Amurka miliyan 3, fiye da ninki biyu na abin da 'yan Ostiraliya suka biya. Wani lokaci daga baya an gano cewa waɗannan dalar Amurka miliyan 3 suna da alaƙa da farashin kudin rajista na 'yan wasan Paralympic kuma an tabbatar da su ne kawai bayan IOC ta zuba wani ɓangare na wannan kuɗin ta hanyar yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwa ta farko da aka sanya hannu a lokacin Wasannin Sydney.

IPC ta bayyana damuwarta, game da cewa masu shirya taron na Girka sun nuna ƙarancin sha'awa ga Wasannin Paralympic. Wannan shine lamarin tun daga farko. Lokacin da Athens ta sami nasarar neman wasannin na 2004 sun nuna mamaki lokacin da aka gaya musu daga baya cewa wannan kuma yana nufin za su karɓi bakuncin Wasannin Paralympic. IPC ta bayyana damuwarta, tana mai lura da cewa masu shirya taron na Girka sun nuna ƙarancin sha'awa ga Paralympics. Amma daga baya sun firgita lokacin da suka gano cewa wannan kuma zai yi la'akari da cewa suna da alhakin karɓar bakuncin Paralympics tare.

Kodayake Girka ta halarci Wasannin Paralympic tun daga shekarar 1976, ana tura tawagorin Girka ne a tsare da kuma bisa tsarin mulki kowane nau'in tattaunawa tsakanin Kwamitin Paralympic na Duniya da Masu Shiryawa na kowane fitowa dole ne Kwamitin Paralympic na Ƙasa ya shiga tsakani, Amma a wancan lokacin Kwamitin Paralympic na Girka ba ya wanzu, wanda ya sa ba zai yiwu a sanya hannu kan kwangilar birnin da ya karɓi bakuncin ba. Marigayi abin mamaki na isa ga tawagar an gani ne ta hanyar 'yan Ostiraliya da kuma IPC kanta a matsayin alamar karɓar suka da kuma na sauƙin kai da kyakkyawar niyya. Bayan wannan isa, SPOC ta amince ta samar da bikin mika na Paralympic mai sauƙi fiye da yadda aka saba. Don tabbatar da wannan giɓi, masu samar da abubuwa na Ostiraliya sun gayyaci Millennium Choir na Greek Orthodox Archdiocese na Ostiraliya don yin gudanarwa na musamman daga waƙar Mikis Theodorakis "Tis Dikaiosinis Ilie" ("Rana ta Adalci", daga rigar sauti na shirin fim din Zorba the Greek). Don rufe bukukuwan, ƙungiyar Ostiraliya ta farko da ta sami nasarar ƙasa da ƙasa a wajen ƙasar, The Seekers, ta rufe wasannin tare da waƙarsu mai tashe a duniya "The Carnival Is Over". Ƙungiyar a asali an yi niyyar ta kasance ta ƙarshe a bukukuwan rufewa na Wasannin Summer Olympics na 2000, amma saboda haɗari kwanaki kaɗan kafin al'amarin wanda ya haifar da karyewar ƙugu, sun maida gudanarwar tasu zuwa Paralympics kuma babban mai rera waƙa Judith Durham ta rera waƙar tana zaune a keken guragu.

Rikici da 'yan Girka za a warware shi ne kawai a cikin Afrilu 2001 lokacin da a ƙarshe aka sa hannu kan kwangilar birnin da ya karɓi bakuncin.

Jadawalin Wasanni

A cikin jadawalin Wasannin Summer Paralympics na 2000 da ke ƙasa, kowane akwatin shuɗi yana wakiltar gasar wasa. Akwatunan rawaya suna wakiltar kwanakin da aka gudanar da wasannin ƙarshe na ba da lambobin yabo don wani wasa. Lamba a cikin kowane akwatin rawaya tana wakiltar adadin wasannin ƙarshe da aka gudanar a ranar.

Keɓaɓɓun launuka a cikin teburin wasanni da ke ƙasa

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Bikin buɗewa

Gasar wasanni

Wasannin ƙarshe

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Bikin rufewa

Gasar wasanni ta hanyar wasa da rana

Oktoba	Lar 18th	Alhu 19th	Jim 20th	Asa 21st	Lah 22nd	Lit 23rd	Tala 24th	Lar 25th	Alhu 26th	Jim 27th	Asa 28th	Lah 29th	Lambobin zinare
Bukukuwa	OC											CC	N/A
Harbin kibiya			●	●	2	●	3	2					7
Wasannin motsa jiki			17	20	23	28	20	28	27	23	31	13	234
Wasan kwallon kwando ID		●	●	●	●	●	1						1
Boccia				●	●	3	●	2					5
Keke ta cikin fili		3	4	1	2	5							15
Keke ta kan titi								3	5	4			12
Hawan doki							●	2	2	2	3		9
Kwallon ƙafa ta mutum 7				●		●		●		●		1	1
Goalball						●	●	●	●	●	●	2	2
Judo		2	2	3									7
Ɗaga nauyi				5	5		2	2	2	2	2		10
Tuka kwalekwale			●	●	●	●	●	●	●	2			2
Harbin bindiga		2	2	2	2	2	2						12
Kwallon raga ta zaune			●	●	●	●	●		●	●	1		1
Kwallon raga ta tsaye				●	●	●	●		●	1			1
Inkiya/Iyo			16	18	16	10	24	18	15	22	22		169
Wasan tebur		●	2	4	5		●	●	5	5	5		26
Kwallon kwando ta keken guragu		●	●	●	●	●		●	●	1	1		2
Wasan takobi na keken guragu			4	2	3	4	2						15
Rugby ta keken guragu								●	●	●	●	1	1
Wasan tennis na keken guragu			●	●	●	●	●	●	●	2	2		4
Jimilla	0	7	47	55	58	52	54	57	56	64	67	17	550

Wuraren Gudanarwa

An yi amfani da jimillar wurare 12 da aka yi amfani da su a Wasannin Summer Olympics na 2000 a wasannin Sydney.

Sydney Olympic Park

Main article: Sydney Olympic Park

Filin Wasa na Olimpic

Cibiyar Ruwa ta Sydney Olympic Park

Cibiyar Hockey na Jiha

• Filin Wasa na Olimpic: Bukukuwa (buɗewa/rufewa) da Wasannin Motsa Jiki
• Cibiyar Tennis ta Sydney Olympic Park: Wasan Tennis na Keken Guragu
• Cibiyar Wasanni ta Jiha: Wasan Tebur
• Cibiyar Ruwa ta Intanet na Sydney: Inkiya/Iyo
• Filin Archery na Intanet na Sydney: Harbin Kibiya
• Cibiyar Hockey ta Sydney Olympic Park: Kwallon Ƙafa ta Mutum 7
• Dakunan Baje Kolin Sydney: Wasan Kwallon Kwando na ID, Goalball, Wasan Kwallon Kwando na Keken Guragu (wurare na biyu), Judo, Rugby na Keken Guragu, Ɗaga Nauyi, Wasan Takobi na Keken Guragu, Kwallon Raga ta Zaune da Kwallon Raga ta Tsaye
• Sydney SuperDome: Wasan Kwallon Kwando na Keken Guragu (babban wuri)

Sydney

See also: Sydney

• Centennial Parklands: Keke ta kan Titi
• Dunc Gray Velodrome: Keke ta cikin Fili
• Cibiyar Hawan Doki ta Intanet na Sydney: Hawan Doki
• Base na Tekun Tuka Kwalekwale na Olimpic: Tuka Kwalekwale
• Cibiyar Harbe-harbe ta Intanet na Sydney: Harbin Bindiga

Aika flame ba da amsa

Masha'ar Paralympics, wadda Robert Jurgens ya ƙera, yanzu tana gaban Stadium Australia.

Tsarin masha'a

Jigon aika flame shi ne "Lura Hanya" saboda baya ga haskaka hanyar zuwa Filin Wasa na Olimpic, SPOC tana son wannan aika flame ya kasance wani taron wayar da kai game da al'adun aminci a kan hanya, domin wannan har yanzu shi ne babban dalilin da ke haifar da sharalisi a duk faɗin duniya. An yi shi daga abu guda kuma tare da tsarin ƙunsa guda kamar takwaransa na Olimpic Masha'ar Paralympics na Sydney 2000, wakilci ne na gaske na tambarin wasannin kuma lokacin da aka haɗa shi sarai yana da nauyin kusan kilogiram 1.5 kuma yana da tsawon santimita 72, kasancewarsa ƙarami kaɗan fiye da 'yar uwarsa ta Olimpic. An tsara masha'ar a shekara ta 1997 ta ɗaya daga cikin masu ƙera na cikin gida na Kwamitin Shirya Paralympics na Sydney (SPOC), wanda ya ƙera harsashin masha'a na farko, tare da yin la'akari da layered, arched logo na Wasannin Paralympics na Sydney. Tsakanin Yuli 1998 da Maris 1999, an gyara tsarin masha'ar kuma an yi masa ƴan canje-canje ta wurin masu kera kayan aiki da ƙwararrun dannawa na ƙarfe na Sydney, G.A.& L. Harrington (GALH), wanda ya warware batutuwan da suka shafi buɗaɗɗen harsashi, choke, tsarin tace, launuka, saman rubutu da sauran abubuwa. Biye da ƙaddamar da kafofin watsa labarai, a ranar 8 ga Maris, 1999, kamfanin ya fara kera masha'a, inda ya yi masha'ar Paralympics guda 1000 (kusan 100 aka yi su a matsayin tanadi) da masha'ar Olimpic guda 14,000 zuwa farkon shekara ta 2000.

Aika flame din

Masha'ar Summer Paralympic na 2000 ta samo asali ne daga al'adar da mutanen Ngunnawal suka gudanar a lambunan Gidan Majalisar Ostiraliya da aka gudanar a ranar 5 ga Oktoba 2000. A cikin wannan al'adar har ila yau akwai tsohon Firayim Ministan Ostiraliya John Howard da mai ɗaukar masha'a na farko, ɗan wasan tennis na keken guragu David Hall, wanda, tare da jama'a da ke halarta, suka shaida ƙona wuta a gaban Gidan Majalisa, Canberra, da kuma gabatar da raye-rayen gargajiya da na zamani na 'yan ƙasa. A cikin wannan al'adar, tsara uku na al'umma, waɗanda sune mazauna asali na yankin Australian Capital Territory, sun sa hannu a yau wajen ƙirƙirar wutar don ciyar da MAA Sydney 2000 Paralympic Torch Relay yayin da yake tafiya a kusa da Ostiraliya. Masu raye-rayen Ngunnawal, da aka fenta su da ochre, sai suka haɗu da tsara uku na al'ummar Ngunnawal, waɗanda suka mika sanda mai wuta daga mafi tsufa zuwa mafi ƙanƙanta tsara wanda ya kunna cauldron yayin da gari ya waye. Hakazalika hayaki ya ci gaba, tare da kwanonin hayaki na al'ada na ƙona ganye na eucalyptus da ake amfani da su don maraba da baki da kuma kare su. Amma, a cikin wannan yanayin, hayakin da wutar suna wakiltar ruhun Paralympics, suna ba da kariya ga 'yan wasa da duk waɗanda za su iso a ranaku masu zuwa. Yana hannun abokin tarayya na farko na SPOC, Hukumar Hadatsan Mota ta NSW (MAA) (wanda ya yi aiki ta hanyar da ta yi kama da wadda ta yi aiki a Shepherd Center a shekara ta 1996), duk nauyin daukar nauyin, gudanar da ayyuka da sauran ayyukan da suka shafi aika masha'ar Paralympics a matsayin ɓangare na yakin neman zabe na wayar da kan jama'a game da aminci a kan hanya. MAA ta ƙarfafa dangantakarta da SPOC a watan Yuni 1997, lokacin da ta haɓaka zuwa mai ɗaukar nauyi na farko na Wasannin Summer Paralympic na 2000. Tun daga farko, Hukumar ta kasance tana da hannu sosai a cikin wasanni ga mutanen da ke da nakasa. A lokaci guda tare da saka hannun jari a cikin haɓakawa da tsara taron, MAA tana da alhakin gudanar da yaƙin neman zaɓe da shirin wayar da kai da aka mayar da hankali kan ɗalibai masu shekaru 13 zuwa 25 game da aminci a kan hanya da kuma mummunan sakamakon rashin biyayya ga dokokinta. Don yin wannan, an ɗauki ma'aikata 'yan wasan para-athletes na Ostiraliya guda 16 waɗanda suka kasance abin ya shafa na haɗari don kafa ƙungiyar jakadu inda suka kasance "shaidar rayuwa cewa haɗari na iya faruwa" kuma idan har akwai alhakinhakikanin sani a ɓangaren waɗanda ke driving, waɗannan haɗarurrukan ba za su ma faru ba. Daga baya, sauran 'yan wasa 9 waɗanda aka haife su tare da wani nakasa suka shiga ƙungiyar. MAA ta kuma ba mutane 300 damar ɗaukar masha'ar a gasar Aika Masha'a. Domin mutum ya nemi shiga, dole ne ya kasance yana da shekaru sama da 12 a lokacin Oktoba 2000 kuma ya kasance mazaunin dindindin na Ostiraliya. Aikin aika flame shine don kula da matakin jin daɗi da haɗin gwiwar jama'ar Ostiraliya a lokacin mika mulki tsakanin abubuwan da suka faru guda biyu. Matsayinsa shine kuma wayar da kan jama'a game da batun haɗa mutanen da ke da nakasa cikin al'umma, amincin zirga-zirga da sauran batutuwa da dama. Koyaya, hanyar ƙasa ta kasance a sabuwar kudu maso walts saboda a can ne ƙungiyar ta yanke shawarar maida hankali kan tallace-tallacen tikiti saboda kusa da nisan daga Sydney. Aika Masha'ar Paralympics ya yi nasarar samar da al'umma da goyon bayan kafofin watsa labarai don wasannin, tare da taron jama'a a yankuna da dama da kuma taron jama'a masu mahimmanci da suka jera tsarin birnin Sydney a cikin kwanaki biyu na ƙarshe na aika flame kuma shi ne ƙarshen aikin da ya fara ta hanyar tsarin ilimi wanda ya fara a shekara ta 1997, lokacin da aka ɓullo da dabarun mabanbanta sarai.

Hanyar aika masha'a

Firayim Ministan Ostiraliya na lokacin, John Howard, ya sanar da goyon bayan gwamnatsa ga MAA Sydney 2000 Paralympic Torch Relay a ƙaddamar da tsarin masha'ar da hanyar a Canberra a ranar 28 ga Yuli 1999. Amma tun asali, wannan zai kasance aika flame ne kawai a cikin jihar New South Wales da yankin babban birnin Ostiraliya, tare da hanyar masha'ar da ke tafiya kawai ta ƙasa tsakanin Parliament House, Canberra zuwa Stadium Australia, tana wucewa kawai ta hanyoyin yankuna biyu. Koyaya, a cikin Satumba 1999, Gwamnatin Tarayya ta Ostiraliya ta sanar da cewa tana ware ƙarin adadin kuɗi kusan AU$500.0000 don aika masha'ar ya ziyarci sauran jihohin Ostiraliya a cikin biranensu. Kashi na farko na hanyar aika flame ya haɗa da biranen jihohin Ostiraliya guda shida da yankuna biyu masu maƙwabtaka, inda masha'ar ta bi ta hanyar zagayowa. A safiyar farko ta aika flame a yankin Canberra, masha'ar ta ziyarci Australian Institute of Sport (AIS) kuma ta wuce kusa da Duntroon kafin ta shiga jirgin saman gudanarwa na Royal Australian Air Force Falcon 900 a hanyar zuwa Melbourne. Wannan hanyar ta sama ta rufe kilomita 11,500 ta sama kuma bayan Melbourne masha'ar ta ziyarta a kan wannan tsari: Hobart (6 ga Oktoba), Adelaide (7 ga Oktoba), Perth (8 ga Oktoba), Darwin (9 ga Oktoba) da Brisbane (10 ga Oktoba) kafin fara tafiyar kilomita 750 ta ƙasa a New South Wales da aka fara a Moss Vale a ranar 12 ga Oktoba. Yayin kashi na ƙasa, masha'ar ta yi tafiyar kusan kilomita 7.5 a cikin sa'a guda kuma ta rufe kusan kilomita 65 a kowace rana. A matsakaita, kowane mai ɗauka ya yi gudu da masha'ar na kilomita 1 kowanne. Tare da kowace rana ta aika masha'a tana ƙarewa da daddare a babbar cibiya, masha'ar ta yi tafiya ta birane da garuruwa 30 a cikin kwanaki 14 na hanyarta. Babban birane na ƙarshe guda biyu waɗanda masha'ar ta bi su sune Newcastle da Wollongong, inda ta shiga Sydney Metropolitan Region, inda ta shafe kusan kwanaki biyu kafin ta yi hanyarta zuwa bikin buɗewa. An ƙera hanyar ne domin kowace al'umma ta sami damar yin amfani da zamanta a yankinta sosai. An kuma nuna cewa akwai bambance-bambance da dama tsakanin hanyar masha'ar Olimpic da hanyar masha'ar Paralympics a abubuwa daban-daban da maki na sha'awa. Abin lura ne kuma cewa kowace rana ta aika masha'a tana ɗaukar matsakaicin sa'o'i 10 kuma a cikin kowane dare, mambobin NSW Police Service suna da alhakin adana wutar a cikin lantern. Tafiyar dawowa a New South Wales tana da ƙafafu a yankunan Southern Highlands, Illawarra, Campbelltown, Penrith, Windsor, Hunter da Central Coast, kafin ta nufi Sydney a ranar 16 ga Oktoba 2000 lokacin da masha'ar ta ziyarci birni babbar ƙasa marks. Haka kuma a ranar 17 ga Oktoba, aka ɗauki wutar Paralympics ta babban bakarsa na Sydney Harbour Bridge ta hanyar masu ɗaukar masha'a guda huɗu. Hukumar Hadatsan Mota na New South Wales na lokacin tana da alhakin tsara, gudanar da ayyuka da aiwatar da aika flame tare da Rundunar Tsaro ta Jiha ta Ostiraliya.

Shahararriyar 'yar wasa ta Ostiraliya Louise Sauvage tana kunna Cauldron na Paralympics a ƙarshen aika masha'a, Bikin Buɗewa na Wasannin Summer Paralympics na 2000.

Wasanni da ƙungiyoyin nakasa

Majalisar Gudanarwa ta IPC ta gabatar da shirin ƙarshe na wasannin a wani taro da aka yi tsakanin 12 da 16 ga Maris 1997 a Sweden. A wannan taron guda, SPOC ta gabatar da manufofinta na dorewa waɗanda aka haɓaka ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa kuma aka yi koyi da waɗanda SOOCOG ta aiwatar. Waɗannan shawarwarin shirin suna buƙatar amincewa mai zaman kanta ta duka IPC da SPOC. An amince da sigar farko ta shirin wasanni na wannan bugun a cikin Satumba 1996, lokacin da kwamitin gudanarwa na IPC ya yanke shawara a zaman da aka gudanar a lokacin Wasannin Atlanta cewa a lokaci guda da lawn bowls zai bar shirin, wheelchair rugby da sailing za su haɓaka zuwa wasannin da aka haɗa a cikin shirin hukuma, bayan kasancewa wasannin nune-nune a waccan shekarar. Yawan abubuwan da aka tsara na farko don wasannin ya kasance abin ban sha'awa saboda an tsara gudanar da wasannin ƙarshe guda 582 a cikin wasanni 18. Koyaya, wannan adadin ya ragu a farkon shekara ta 2000 zuwa 551, yayin da aka cire abubuwa 31 daga shirin saboda dalilai daban-daban kamar ƙarancin adadin masu rijista, ƙarancin matakin fasaha ko rashin wadatar da aka yi rikodin a lokacin tsarin rarrabuwa, dubawa da haɗakar azuzuwan ayyuka.

Tsarin shirin 1997

A watan Mayu 1997, wannan ƙungiyar guda ɗaya ta amince da shirin Sydney 2000 na ƙarshe tare da canje-canje masu zuwa:

• Adadin abubuwan da ke cikin athletics ya tashi daga 211 zuwa 234 tare da ƙara sabbin abubuwa 14 don mutanen da ke da nakasar hankali da kuma sake duba tsarin rarrabuwa na wasan, wanda ya haifar da ƙarin abu 1 guda ɗaya. Koyaya, daga baya an ƙara sauran abubuwa 8 saboda sauran dalilai.
• Ƙara gasar kwallon kwando ta ƙungiyoyi 8 don mutanen da ke da nakasar hankali.
• An cire abubuwan Omnium don azuzuwan LC1, LC2 da LC3 a cycling, kuma an gabatar da gwajin lokaci guda uku, abubuwan neman mutum 1 guda uku da tseren Olimpic guda 1 don ajin LC.
• Powerlifting ta sami ƙarin abubuwa 10 tare da ƙara abubuwan mata.
• An ƙara ƙarin abu guda 1 a cikin sailing: Mutum 1 2.4mr
• An kawar da abubuwan harbin bindiga na iska guda uku daga shirin shooting.
• An ƙara abubuwa goma sha biyu zuwa shirin swimming don mutanen da ke da nakasar hankali, yayin da aka cire guda 1.
• An cire abubuwan bude tebur na maza da mata guda huɗu daga shirin kuma abubuwan da suka shafi mutanen da ke da nakasar hankali suka maye gurbinsu.

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Ɗaliban makaranta masu farin ciki sanye da koren zinare suna nuna goyon bayansu ga Ƙungiyar Paralympics ta Ostiraliya a Wasannin Summer Paralympics na 2000.

Wasanni da ƙungiyoyin nakasa

Majalisar Gudanarwa ta IPC ta gabatar da shirin ƙarshe na wasannin a wani taro da aka yi tsakanin 12 da 16 ga Maris 1997 a Sweden. A wannan taron guda, SPOC ta gabatar da manufofinta na dorewa waɗanda aka haɓaka ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa kuma aka yi koyi da waɗanda SOOCOG ta aiwatar. Waɗannan shawarwarin shirin suna buƙatar amincewa mai zaman kanta ta duka IPC da SPOC.

An amince da sigar farko ta shirin wasanni na wannan bugun a cikin Satumba 1996, lokacin da kwamitin gudanarwa na IPC ya yanke shawara a zaman da aka gudanar a lokacin Wasannin Atlanta cewa a lokaci guda da lawn bowls zai bar shirin, wheelchair rugby da sailing za su haɓaka zuwa wasannin da aka haɗa a cikin shirin hukuma, bayan kasancewa wasannin nune-nune a waccan shekarar. Yawan abubuwan da aka tsara na farko don wasannin ya kasance abin ban sha'awa saboda an tsara gudanar da wasannin ƙarshe guda 582 a cikin wasanni 18. Koyaya, wannan adadin ya ragu a farkon shekara ta 2000 zuwa 551, yayin da aka cire abubuwa 31 daga shirin saboda dalilai daban-daban kamar ƙarancin adadin masu rijista, ƙarancin matakin fasaha ko rashin wadatar da aka yi rikodin a lokacin tsarin rarrabuwa, dubawa da haɗakar azuzuwan ayyuka.

Tsarin shirin 1997

A watan Mayu 1997, wannan ƙungiyar guda ɗaya ta amince da shirin Sydney 2000 na ƙarshe tare da canje-canje masu zuwa:

• Adadin abubuwan da ke cikin athletics ya tashi daga 211 zuwa 234 tare da ƙara sabbin abubuwa 14 don mutanen da ke da nakasar hankali da kuma sake duba tsarin rarrabuwa na wasan, wanda ya haifar da ƙarin abu 1 guda ɗaya. Koyaya, daga baya an ƙara sauran abubuwa 8 saboda sauran dalilai.
• Ƙara gasar kwallon kwando ta ƙungiyoyi 8 don mutanen da ke da nakasar hankali.
• An cire abubuwan Omnium don azuzuwan LC1, LC2 da LC3 a cycling, kuma an gabatar da gwajin lokaci guda uku, abubuwan neman mutum ɗaya guda uku da tseren Olimpic guda ɗaya don ajin LC.
• Powerlifting ta sami ƙarin abubuwa 10 tare da ƙara abubuwan mata.
• An ƙara ƙarin abu guda ɗaya a cikin sailing: Mutum ɗaya 2.4mr
• An kawar da abubuwan harbin bindiga na iska guda uku daga shirin shooting.
• An ƙara abubuwa goma sha biyu zuwa shirin swimming don mutanen da ke da nakasar hankali, yayin da aka cire guda ɗaya.
• An cire abubuwan bude tebur na maza da mata guda huɗu daga shirin kuma abubuwan da suka shafi mutanen da ke da nakasar hankali suka maye gurbinsu.

Ƙididdigar lambobin yabo

Ɗan tsallaken keke na Australia Lyn Lepore yana nuna lambar zinare, azurfa da ta tagulla daga Wasannin Paralympics na Sydney na 2000 gami da fil ɗin lu'u-lu'u da BHP ta ba shi don cin zinare.

Main article: 2000 Summer Paralympics medal table

An ba da jimillar lambobin yabo 1657 a lokacin Wasannin Sydney: zinariya 550, azurfa 549, da tagulla 558. Ƙasar da ta karɓi bakuncin, Ostireliya, ta zo ta ɗaya a ƙididdigar lambobin yabo da fiye da lambobin zinariya da kuma lambobin yabo gaba ɗaya fiye da kowace ƙasa. Birtaniya ce ta sami lambobin azurfa mafi yawa, guda 43, sannan ta yi canjaras da Ostireliya wajen samun lambobin tagulla mafi yawa, guda 47.

A cikin teburin da ke ƙasa, tsarin jerin ya dogara ne da adadin lambobin zinariya da ƙasa ta samu (a wannan yanayin, ƙasa ita ce kungiyar da Kwamitin Paralympics na Ƙasa ke wakilta). Bayan haka, ana duba adadin lambobin azurfa, sannan adadin lambobin tagulla.

  Ƙasar da ta karɓi bakunci (Australia)

Rank	Nation	Zinariya	Azurfa	Tagulla	Total
1	{{country data AUS}}*	63	39	47	149
2	{{country data GBR}}	41	43	47	131
3	{{country data CAN}}	38	33	25	96
4		38	30	38	106
5		36	39	34	109
6		34	22	17	73
7	{{country data FRA}}	30	28	28	86
8	Samfuri:Country data POL	19	24	10	53
9		18	7	7	32
10		16	41	38	95
Totals (10 entries)		333	306	291	930

Wafdawa masu shiga

Tun asali, masu shirya taron sun yi tsammanin Kwamitin Paralympics na Ƙasa 136 za su halarci wasannin, amma 123 ne kawai suka tura wakilansu zuwa Paralympics na Sydney. Daga cikinsu har da ƙungiyar "Masu Wasan Paralympics Masu Zaman Kanta" daga Timar Gabas. Sabuwar ƙasar mai zaman kanta ba ta riga ta kafa Kwamitin Paralympics na Ƙasa a kan lokaci don tura tawaga zuwa Sydney ba, saboda haka Kwamitin Paralympics na Ƙasa da Ƙasa ya gayyaci 'yan wasan Timar Gabas don gudanar da gasa a wasannin ƙarƙashin sunan Masu Wasan Paralympics Masu Zaman Kanta.

Afganistan ba ta shiga Wasannin Paralympics na Bazara na 2000 ba, kasancewar an dakatar da ita daga wasannin saboda yadda take bi da mata a ƙarƙashin mulkin Ƙungiyar Taliban.

El Salvador da Turkiyya ne kaɗai ƙasashen da suka halarta a Barcelona kuma suka koma don gudanar da gasa a Sydney.

Barbados, Benin, Kambodiya, Laos, Lebanon, Lesoto, Madagaskar, Mali, Moritaniya, Mongoliya, Falasdinu, Ruwanda, Samoa, Turkmenistan, Vanuatu da Biyetnam sun yi gasa a karon farko.

Kameru, Kwango na Gaba (Côte d'Ivoire), Gwatemala, Gini, Iraƙi, Nikaraguwa, Nijar, Saliyo da Sudan sun samun cancantar 'yan wasa ko kuma sun sami katin shiga kyauta, amma saboda dalilai na kuɗi ba su sami damar tura wakilansu zuwa Sydney ba, kuma saboda waɗannan ƙin yarda ne IPC ta sauya sassa da dama game da cajin kuɗaɗen rajista a cikin kwangilar da ta shafi Wasannin Paralympics na Bazara na 2004 kuma ya haifar da jinkiri wajen sanya hannu kan kwangilar birnin da zai karɓi bakunci. Jamhuriyar Dominika, Luksamburg, da Moritus, wadanda suka tura wakilai zuwa Atlanta, ba su sami damar rarraba 'yan wasa don gudanar da gasa a Sydney ba.

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