Wheelwright

Wheelwright
historical profession (en) , skilled trade (en) da sana'a
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	Mai sana'a da wood working profession (en)
Product or material produced (en)	wagon wheel (en) da carriage (en)
Yadda ake kira mace	kolářka, Stellmachermeisterin da kołodziejka
Yadda ake kira namiji	Stellmachermeister da kolář

Shagon masu gyaran keken hannu

Mawallafin keken hannu maƙeri ne wanda ke gina ko gyara ƙafafun katako . Kalmar ita ce haɗin "wheel" da kalmar " wright " (wanda ya fito daga tsohuwar kalmar Turanci " wryhta ", ma'ana ma'aikaci - kamar yadda yake a cikin mawallafin jirgin ruwa da mai rubuta jirgin ruwa ). Wannan sunan aiki ya zama sunan mahaifi na Ingilishi Wright, kuma yana bayyana a cikin sunayen mahaifi kamar Cartwright da Wainwright .

Waɗannan ƙwararrun sun yi ƙafafun keken hawa (cartwheels), kekunan hawa (wains), tarkuna da kuma kocin. Sun kuma yi ƙafafun, kuma galibi firam ɗin, don yin ƙafafun juyawa, da kuma bel ɗin injinan da ke amfani da tururi. Da farko sun gina cibiyar (wanda ake kira nave), spokes da sassan gefen da ake kira felloes, sannan suka haɗa su duka zuwa wani yanki da ke aiki daga tsakiyar ƙafafun zuwa waje. Yawancin ƙafafun an yi su ne da itace, amma an yi amfani da wasu kayayyaki, kamar ƙashi da ƙaho, don ado ko wasu dalilai. Wasu gine-gine na baya-bayan nan don ƙafafun kamar waɗanda aka yi amfani da su a cikin karusai na farko an ɗaure su da fatar da za a shafa da ruwa kuma za ta yi laushi yayin bushewa, matsewa da ɗaure aikin katako tare. Bayan ƙarni da yawa, ƙafafun sun samo asali don a ɗaure su da ƙarfe, wata hanyar ƙusa faranti na ƙarfe a kan felloes don kare su daga lalacewa a ƙasa da kuma taimakawa wajen ɗaure ƙafafun tare. An ɗauki matsewa a matsayin aiki mara ƙwarewa kuma ana iya yin shi da ƙarancin ilimi da kayan aiki, wannan ya sa ƙafafun su fi sauƙi a yi aiki ba tare da buƙatar maƙeri ba.

Tsawon shekaru aru-aru, yanayin ƙafafun ya ɗan canza kaɗan, amma canje-canje kaɗan a cikin ƙirar kamar dishing da staggered spokes sun taimaka wajen biyan buƙatun duniya mai canzawa. Waɗannan ƙananan canje-canje a cikin ƙira sun yi babban ci gaba ga ƙarfin tayar yayin da suke rage nauyinta; daga baya motocin suka zama masu inganci wajen ginawa da amfani da ita.

Tarihi

Tayoyin katako na farko sun yi ƙarfi, an yi su da faranti na bishiyoyi. Suna da nauyi amma sauƙin ginin bai buƙaci ƙwarewa ba. Tayoyin da ke da spokes sun fi sauƙi. Ana iya gina su da ƙananan bishiyoyi kuma a gina su da diamita mafi girma saboda ba a iyakance su da girman bishiyoyi a yankin ba. Duk da haka, tayoyin spokes suna buƙatar takamaiman tazara da lissafi mai kyau don gina da'ira mai kyau. Ana tsammanin cewa sana'ar musamman ta wheelwriter ta fara ne da ƙirƙirar spokes. Yankunan karkara ba tare da samun damar zuwa ga wheelwriter sun ci gaba da yin tayoyi masu ƙarfi ba. [1] : 85–86 

Saboda ƙwarewa da gogewar da ake buƙata don yin ƙafafun, a Turai an ƙirƙiri ƙwararren mai gyaran ƙafafun don ya zama sana'a mai iya ganewa.

Sassan dabaran

Sassan dabaran