William na Villehardouin

William na Villehardouin (Faransanci: Guillaume de Villehardouen; Kalamata, c. 1211 - 1 Mayu 1278) shi ne yarima na huɗu na Achaea a cikin Frankish Girka, daga 1246 zuwa 1278. Yaron ƙarami na Yarima Geoffrey I<span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwEg"> </span>, ya riƙe Barony na Kalamata a cikin fief a lokacin mulkin ɗan'uwansa Geoffrey II. William ya mallaki Akaya a matsayin mai mulki ga ɗan'uwansa a lokacin yakin basasa na Geoffrey a kan Helenawa na Nicaea, waɗanda suka kasance manyan abokan gaba na ubangijinsa, Sarkin Latin na Constantinople Baldwin II. William ya gaji ɗan'uwansa marar haihuwa a lokacin rani na 1246. Rikicin tsakanin Nicaea da Epirus ya ba shi damar kammala nasarar Morea a cikin kimanin shekaru uku. Ya kama Monemvasia kuma ya gina sabbin sansanoni uku, ya tilasta kabilun biyu da suka kasance masu cin gashin kansu, Tzakones da Melingoi, cikin biyayya. Ya shiga cikin yakin basasar Masar da bai yi nasara ba na Louis IX na Faransa, wanda ya ba shi lada da haƙƙin bayar da kuɗi a cikin salon tsabar kudi na sarauta na Faransa. 

A farkon shekarun 1250, William shine mai mulkin da ya fi karfi a Girka. Yawancin sarakunan Frank da ke makwabtaka sun amince da mulkinsa. A shekara ta 1255, ya yi ikirarin mallakar arewa, ko na uku, na Ubangiji na Negroponte a tsibirin Euboea . Kodayake sauran sarakuna biyu na Negroponte sun kasance magoya bayansa, sun ki amincewa da ikirarinsa. Sun sami goyon bayan Venice, Guy I de la Roche, Ubangiji na Athens, da sauran sarakunan Frank. Rikicin ya zama yaƙin maye gurbin wanda ya haifar da lalacewa mai yawa a Euboea da ƙasar Girka. Bayan nasarar William a Attica a watan Mayu na shekara ta 1258, Guy da abokansa sun mika wuya. An yi wa Guy shari'a saboda rashin aminci amma an ba shi izinin ci gaba da mallakarsa ta Achaean.

Rikicin maye gurbin a Nicaea ya sa mai mulkin Epirote Michael II Komnenos Doukas ya kafa hadin gwiwa mai adawa da Nicaea tare da William da Manfred na Sicily. A lokacin rani na shekara ta 1259, William da Michael sun tara yawancin sojojin su kuma sun yi tafiya har zuwa Pelagonia don yaƙi da Nicaeans. Sojojin Frankish da Epirote ba za su iya ba da hadin kai yadda ya kamata ba, kuma masu harbi daga sansanin abokan gaba sun ci gaba da damun su. Bayan da Epirotes suka watsar da abokansu ba zato ba tsammani, Nicaeans sun yi nasara sosai a kan Franks. William ya gudu daga fagen yaƙi, amma an kama shi kuma an tura shi Nicaea. Har yanzu yana cikin kurkuku lokacin da sojojin Nicaean suka kwace Constantinople kuma suka lalata Daular Latin a watan Yulin 1261. Sarkin sarakuna na Byzantine mai nasara Michael na takwas Palaiologos ya saki William don dawo da sansanoni uku na kudancin Morean a ƙarshen 1261. Samun manyan garuruwa guda uku ya sauƙaƙa fadada Byzantine, kuma an tilasta wa William neman goyon baya daga waje. Tare da amincewar Baldwin II, ya rantse da aminci ga Angevin sarkin Sicily, Charles I. William ya amince da Charles da zuriyarsa a matsayin magada a cikin Yarjejeniyar Viterbo a ranar 24 ga Mayu 1267. Charles ya aika da sojoji zuwa Akaya kuma tare da taimakon su, William ya sami damar tsayayya da mamayewar Byzantine a cikin shekarun karshe na mulkinsa.  

Tarihi

Girka ta Frank a kusa da 1210. Masarautar Akaya ta haɗa da kusan dukkanin Morea a kudu.

Ya yi mulki daga 1246 zuwa 1278, William shi ne sarki na huɗu na Akaya. Jiha ce a cikin Girka ta Frank, Achaea an kafa ta ne a yankunan Byzantine a Morea (a kudancin Girka) bayan Crusade na huɗu . Mahaifin William Geoffrey I na Villehardouin ya fara cin nasarar Morea tare da goyon bayan wani mashahurin Girka na yankin a ƙarshen 1204. Kamar yadda abokinsa ya mutu ba da daɗewa ba, Geoffrey ya kusanci Boniface na Montferrat, mai mulkin sabuwar masarautar Frankish ta Thessalonica, don taimakon soja. Boniface ya nada William na Champlitte don ya bi Geoffrey zuwa Morea kuma sun tara jarumawa da serjants 500 don yakin. Sun kama Patras da sauran sansanonin Byzantine kuma sun tilasta wa Messenian da Arcadian Helenawa aristocrats su miƙa wuya. William na Champlitte ya karbi taken Yarima na Achaea daga Paparoma Innocent III a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1205. Franks ba su iya kama Monemvasia a kudu maso gabashin Morea ba, kuma 'yan fashi na Girka sun kwace sansanin. Masu cin nasara na Frankish sun kuma kasa shawo kan 'yan asalin yankin kudu maso gabashin tsaunuka.