William whewell
William whewell
William Whewell (/ ˈhjuːəl/ HEW-əl; 24 ga Mayu 1794 - 6 Maris 1866) ilimin lissafi ne na Ingilishi. Ya kasance Master of Trinity College, Cambridge. A lokacin da yake dalibi a can, ya samu bambamci a fannin waka da lissafi. Faɗin ƙoƙarin Whewell shine mafi kyawun fasalinsa. A lokacin haɓaka ƙwarewa, Whewell ya kasance a zamanin da ya gabata lokacin da masana falsafa na halitta suka bincika sosai. Ya buga aiki a kan makanikai, physics, geology, falaki, da tattalin arziki, yayin da kuma ya tsara waka, rubuta wata yarjejeniya ta Bridgewater, fassara ayyukan Goethe, da rubuta wa'azi da warƙoƙin tauhidi. A cikin ilimin lissafi, Whewell ya gabatar da abin da a yanzu ake kira da equation Whewell, yana ma'anar siffa mai lankwasa ba tare da yin la'akari da tsarin haɗin kai da aka zaɓa ba. Ya kuma shirya dubban masu aikin sa kai a duniya don nazarin magudanar ruwa, a cikin abin da a yanzu ake daukarsa daya daga cikin ayyukan kimiyyar 'yan kasa na farko. Ya sami Medal na sarauta don wannan aikin a cikin 1837.[1]
Ɗaya daga cikin manyan kyaututtukan Whewell ga kimiyya shine smith na kalmomi. Ya rubuta wasiƙa da mutane da yawa a fagensa kuma ya taimaka musu su fito da ilimin kimiyya don gano abubuwan da suka gano. Whewell ya kirkiro, a tsakanin sauran sharuɗɗan, masanin kimiyya, [2]masanin kimiyyar lissafi, ilimin harshe, ƙarfin hali, bala'i, uniformitarianism, da astigmatism; ya ba da shawara ga Michael Faraday kalmomin electrode, ion, dielectric, anode, da cathode.
Rayuwar farko
An haifi Whewell a Lancaster, ɗan John Whewell da matarsa, Elizabeth Bennison.Mahaifinsa ya kasance gwani kafinta, kuma ya yi fatan ya bi sana'arsa, amma nasarar da William ya samu a fannin lissafi a makarantar Lancaster Royal Grammar School da Heversham grammar school ya ba shi nuni (nau'i na guraben karatu) a Kwalejin Trinity, Cambridge a shekara ta 1812. Shi ne babba a cikin 'ya'ya bakwai yana da 'yan'uwa uku da mata uku da aka haifa bayansa. Biyu daga cikin 'yan'uwan sun mutu suna jarirai yayin da na uku ya mutu a 1812. Biyu daga cikin 'yan'uwansa mata sun yi aure; ya rika rubutawa da su a cikin aikinsa na dalibi sannan kuma Farfesa. Mahaifiyarsa ta mutu a shekara ta 1807, lokacin da Whewell yana da shekaru 13. Mahaifinsa ya mutu a shekara ta 1816, shekarar da Whewell ya sami digirinsa na farko a Kwalejin Triniti, amma kafin manyan nasarorin da ya samu na sana'a.
Whewell ya yi aure, da farko, a cikin 1841, Cordelia Marshall, 'yar John Marshall. A cikin kwanaki na aurensa, Whewell ya ba da shawarar ya zama shugaban Kwalejin Trinity a Cambridge, bin Christopher Wordsworth. Cordelia ya mutu a 1855. A cikin 1858 ya sake yin aure, ga Everina Frances (née Ellis), 'yar'uwar Robert Leslie Ellis kuma gwauruwar Sir Gilbert Affleck, 5th Baronet.[9][10] Ta mutu a 1865. Ba shi da 'ya'ya.
manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Cooper, Caren (20 December 2016). Citizen Science: How Ordinary People are Changing the Face of Discovery. Overlook Press. pp. 3–8. ISBN 9781468314144.
- ↑ Lewis, Christopher (2007). "Chapter 5: Energy and Entropy: The Birth of Thermodynamics". Heat and Thermodynamics: A Historical Perspective. United States of America: Greenwood Press. p. 95. ISBN 978-0-313-33332-3.