World Athletics

Wasannin Duniya ( WA ), wanda a da aka fi sani da Ƙungiyar Wasannin Amateur ta Duniya da Ƙungiyar Wasannin Duniya ta Ƙasa da Ƙasa, kuma a da aka rage mata suna da IAAF, ita ce hukumar da ke kula da wasannin motsa jiki ta duniya, wadda ta ƙunshi wasannin guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle, tsere a kan hanya, tafiya a kan dutse, da kuma gudu a kan dutse . A cikin ayyukanta, an haɗa da daidaita dokoki da ƙa'idoji don wasanni, ba da takardar shaidar wuraren wasanni, amincewa da gudanar da rikodin duniya, da kuma tsara da kuma amincewa da gasannin wasanni, gami da Gasar Wasannin Motsa Jiki ta Duniya . Shugaban ƙungiyar na yanzu shine Sebastian Coe na Burtaniya, wanda aka zaɓe shi a matsayin shugaban ƙungiyar na tsawon shekaru huɗu a shekarar 2015, kuma an sake zaɓe shi sau biyu a shekarar 2019 da 2023 don ƙarin wa'adi biyu na shekaru huɗu. [1] [2]

Tarihi

Tsarin kafa wasannin motsa jiki na duniya ya fara ne a Stockholm, Sweden, a ranar 18 ga Yuli, 1912, jim kaɗan bayan kammala gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1912 a wannan birnin. A wannan taron, wakilai 27 daga ƙungiyoyin ƙasa 17 sun amince su haɗu a wani babban taro da aka yi a Berlin, Jamus, a shekara mai zuwa, wanda Sigfrid Edström zai jagoranta, wanda zai zama shugaban farko na ƙungiyar. Majalisar dokoki ta 1913 ta kammala kafa abin da a wancan lokacin ake kira da Ƙungiyar Wasannin Amateur ta Duniya (IAAF). [1] [2] [3]Hedikwatarta tana Stockholm daga 1912 zuwa 1946, a Landan daga 1946 zuwa 1993, sannan daga baya ta koma wurin da take a yanzu a Monaco .A shekarar 1926, IAAF ta kafa kwamiti don tsara dukkan wasannin ƙwallo da ake yi da hannu, ciki har da ƙwallon kwando da ƙwallon hannu . Daga baya, an kafa Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon Hannu ta Masu Koyo ta Duniya a shekarar 1928, kuma aka kafa Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon Kwando ta Duniya a shekarar 1932.Tun daga shekarar 1982, hukumar IAAF ta zartar da wasu gyare-gyare ga dokokinta domin bai wa 'yan wasa damar samun diyya saboda shiga gasar kasa da kasa. Duk da haka, ƙungiyar ta riƙe kalmar 'yan wasa a cikin sunanta har zuwa taronta na 2001, inda ta canza sunanta zuwa Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya ta Ƙungiyoyin Wasanni. A watan Yunin 2019, ƙungiyar ta zaɓi sake suna zuwa Gasar Wasannin Duniya, tare da fara fitar da 'yan wasa bayan Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2019 a Doha . [1]Hukumar Wasannin Duniya ta zama hukuma ta ƙarshe a cikin Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Wasannin Olympics na bazara da ta baiyana rahotannin kuɗinta a bainar jama'a a shekarar 2020, bayan da aka sake yin roƙon. Ta bayyana cewa kungiyar tana da kudaden shiga kusan dala miliyan 200 a tsawon shekaru hudu na gasar Olympics, kuma kusan kashi biyar cikin biyar na kudaden shiga sun fito ne daga 'yancin watsa shirye-shiryen wasannin Olympics. Rahotannin sun nuna gibin da aka samu a kowace shekara ta 2017 da 2018, wanda ya kai kimanin dala miliyan 20 na Amurka. Haka kuma ta nuna cewa ta dogara sosai kan haɗin gwiwarta da kamfanin tallan Japan Dentsu, wanda ya kai rabin kuɗin shiga na shekarar 2018. Ta kuma yi nuni da ajiyar da ta kai dala miliyan 45 a ƙarshen shekarar 2018, wanda zai ba ƙungiyar damar ci gaba da kasancewa cikin shiri duk da jinkiri da aka samu a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2020 saboda annobar COVID-19 . [1] [2] Ana bikin Ranar Wasanni ta Duniya a ranar 7 ga Mayu.A shekarar 2022, Hukumar Wasannin Duniya ta sanya takunkumi ga Tarayyar Kasashen Rasha da Belarus saboda mamayar da Rasha ta yi wa Ukraine, kuma an cire dukkan 'yan wasa, ma'aikatan tallafi, da jami'ai daga Rasha da Belarus daga dukkan wasannin Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya na nan gaba, kuma an cire 'yan wasan Rasha da suka sami matsayin ANA na 2022 daga wasannin Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya na nan gaba. [1] Majalisar Wasannin Duniya ta kuma sanya takunkumi kan Hukumar Wasannin Belarus, ciki har da hana ta karbar bakuncin duk wani taron wasanni na kasa da kasa ko na Turai, wakilci a Majalisa ko kuma a cikin shawarwarin da ke buƙatar kuri'un Majalisa, shigar da ma'aikatanta cikin shirye-shirye, da kuma amincewa da halartar duk wani taron [2]A shekarar 2024, an yi watsi da buƙatun dakatar da 'yan wasan Isra'ila irin wannan saboda yaƙin Gaza, inda aka ce suna son kasancewa tsaka-tsaki a siyasance, yayin da har yanzu aka haramta wa 'yan wasan tsere na Rasha da Belarus, wanda hakan ya hana su shiga gasar Olympics ta 2024 da za a yi a Paris a wakiltar ƙasashensu. [1] [2] [3]

Shugabanci

Shugaban ƙasa ne ke jagorantar gasar wasannin motsa jiki ta duniya. Majalisar Wasanni ta Duniya tana da jimillar membobi 26 da aka zaɓa, waɗanda suka haɗa da shugaba ɗaya, mataimakan shugabanni huɗu (ɗaya daga cikinsu babba ne), shugabannin ƙungiyoyi shida na yankuna, membobi biyu na Hukumar 'Yan wasa, da kuma membobi 13 na Majalisar. Ana zaɓen kowanne memba na Majalisar na tsawon shekaru huɗu ta Majalisar Wasannin Duniya, taron da ake yi sau biyu a shekara, wanda ya ƙunshi Majalisar, Membobin Girmamawa, da kuma wakilai har uku daga kowace ƙungiyar mambobi ta ƙasa. [1] Majalisa kuma tana zaɓen shugabanni da membobin Kwamitoci, waɗanda ke kula da ayyukan ƙwararru. Akwai kwamitoci guda huɗu: Kwamitin Ƙasashen Waje, Kwamitin Tafiya a Tsere, Kwamitin Fasaha, da kuma Kwamitin Mata. [2] An ƙaddamar da wasu kwamitoci uku a shekarar 2019: Ci gaba, Shugabanci da Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya. [3] An bayyana tsarin shugabanci a cikin Kundin Tsarin Wasannin Duniya, wanda Majalisa za ta iya yi wa kwaskwarima. [4]Majalisar Wasanni ta Duniya ta nada babban jami'i (Shugaba), wanda ke mai da hankali kan inganta harkokin wasanni da kuma muradun kasuwanci na kungiyar. An ƙirƙiri wannan matsayi kuma an haɗa shi da matsayin Babban Sakataren da ya kasance a baya. An naɗa tsohon ɗan wasa kuma ɗan kasuwa ɗan Birtaniya Jon Ridgeon a matsayin sabon shugaban ƙungiyar a watan Disamba na 2018. [1] Olivier Gers shine mutum na farko da ya riƙe wannan muƙami a hukumance a shekarar 2016, inda ya maye gurbin shugaban riƙo/Sakatare Janar Jean Gracia . [2]Domin bai wa 'yan wasa masu himma damar yin magana a kan yadda za su tafiyar da harkokin wasanni, Hukumar Wasannin Duniya ta kafa Hukumar 'Yan Wasanni. Wasu 'yan wasa ne ke zaɓen 'yan wasa a hukumar, waɗanda galibi ake gudanarwa a taron da aka haɗa da Gasar Wasannin Wasannin Duniya. Shugaban hukumar da wani ɗan wasa na jinsi daban-daban an ba su haƙƙin kaɗa ƙuri'a a Majalisar. An gudanar da zaɓen ƙarshe a watan Oktoba na 2019 a Gasar Wasannin Wasannin Duniya ta 2019. [1]Bayan batutuwan shan ƙwayoyi da cin hanci da rashawa, an amince da Dokar Ɗabi'a a shekarar 2013 kuma an naɗa Hukumar Ɗabi'a a shekarar 2014. [1] Majalisar tana naɗa shugaba daga cikin zaɓaɓɓun membobin, sannan kuma shugaban ya naɗa mataimakin shugaba. [2] An takaita ikon Hukumar Da'a a shekarar 2017 ta hanyar ƙirƙirar Sashen Integrity na Wasanni mai zaman kansa, wanda Brett Clothier na Ostiraliya ke jagoranta, don kula da batutuwan ɗabi'a da koke-koke a duk faɗin ƙasar. [3]Gidauniyar Wasannin Duniya wata kungiya ce ta agaji da ke da alaƙa da Wasannin Wasannin Duniya wadda ke shiga cikin ayyuka da shirye-shirye don haɓaka wasan. Albert na Biyu, Yariman Monaco shi ne Shugaban Ƙasa Mai Girma kuma Shugaban Wasannin Duniya ne ke riƙe da muƙamin Shugaban IAF. [1] An ƙirƙiri sashen Tarihin Wasannin Duniya a shekarar 2018 don kula da kayayyakin tarihi da kuma nuna su ta hanyar wani gidan tarihi da ke Monaco, wani gidan tarihi na intanet, da kuma wani baje kolin tafiye-tafiye. Sashen kuma yana fitar da Takardun Tarihi na Wasannin Duniya don tunawa da wuraren da suka shafi tarihi ga wasan. [2]

Shugabanni

Sanya Sakin layi • Ɗan Wasa Na Maza Na Shekara

• 'Yar Wasa Mata Ta Shekara

• Kyautar Tauraron Maza Masu Tashi

• Kyautar Tauraruwar Mata Masu

Tashi

• Kyautar Nasarar Koyarwa

• Kyautar Aiki Mai Kyau

• Kyautar Mata

• Kyautar Shugaban Ƙasa

• Hotunan Wasanni na ShekaraMembobin da ke akwai

Shugabannin

Haɗin gwiwar yanki Gasar motsa jiki ta Duniya tana da jimillar ƙungiyoyi 214 da ke da mambobi a cikinta, waɗanda aka raba zuwa ƙungiyoyi 6. [1] [2]

Ƙungiyoyin abokan hudda

Tun daga ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, 2015: [1]

Dokoki da ƙa'idoji

Domin baiwa 'yan wasa masu shekaru daban-daban damar fafatawa da 'yan wasa masu irin wannan ƙwarewa, ana ci gaba da kiyaye nau'ikan shekaru da dama. An bayyana ajin gasar da ba ta da iyaka ba a matsayin "babba". Ga ƙananan 'yan wasa, World Athletics tana shirya taruka ga 'yan wasa 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 ('yan wasa 'yan shekara 18 ko 19 a ranar 31 ga Disamba na shekarar gasar) da kuma 'yan wasa 'yan ƙasa da shekara 18 ('yan wasa 'yan shekara 16 ko 17 a ranar 31 ga Disamba na shekarar gasar), waɗanda a tarihi ake kira "ƙananan" da "matasa", bi da bi. [1] Gasar wasannin motsa jiki ta matasa 'yan shekara 35 ce ke shirya ta a gasar Masters ta Duniya kuma an raba ta zuwa rukuni-rukuni na shekaru biyar.Yin amfani da kwayoyi masu kara kuzariƘungiyar ta sanya hannu kan Dokar Yaƙi da Shan Doping ta Duniya ta Hukumar Yaƙi da Shan Doping kuma tana amfani da takunkumi ga 'yan wasa, masu horarwa da sauran 'yan wasa waɗanda suka karya dokar ta hanyar shan doping ko kuma hana duk wani matakin hana shan doping. [1] Har yanzu ana fuskantar matsala a wasannin motsa jiki na duniya saboda karuwar amfani da haramtattun kwayoyi da 'yan wasa ke yi domin inganta ayyukansu na motsa jiki. [2] Domin magance matsalar, ana buƙatar 'yan wasa da ke shiga wasanni su sanya hannu kan dokar Hukumar Yaƙi da Shan Ƙashi ta Duniya kuma ana yi musu gwajin fitsari ko jini bazuwar, wanda ke haifar da hukunci kamar dakatar da wasa, ko kuma dakatar da wasa har abada saboda karya doka. [3]

Jima'i

Gasar wasannin motsa jiki ta matakin duniya galibi tana da bambancin jinsi, kuma Gasar Wasannin Duniya tana amfani da ƙa'idojin cancanta ga rukunin mata. Hukumar wasannin motsa jiki ta duniya tana da ƙa'idoji ga 'yan wasa masu jinsi daban-daban da kuma waɗanda suka canza jinsi . Bambance-bambancen ƙa'idojin ci gaban jima'i (DSD) sun shafi 'yan wasa waɗanda a bisa doka mata ne ko kuma mata masu jinsi ɗaya kuma suna da wani takamaiman yanayin jiki . 'Yan wasan DSD waɗanda aka halatta su zama mata ko kuma mata masu jinsi biyu, suna ƙarƙashin takamaiman ƙa'idodi idan suna da ƙwayoyin halittar maza na XY, ƙwai maimakon ƙwayoyin halittar ovaries, waɗanda ke yawo a cikin adadin maza na yau da kullun (7.7 zuwa 29.4 nmol/L), kuma suna da saurin kamuwa da androgen don haka jikinsu yana amfani da wannan testosterone. Hukumar Wasannin Duniya ta buƙaci duk wani ɗan wasa da ya rage matakin testosterone a cikin jininsa zuwa 5 nmol/L ko ƙasa da haka na tsawon watanni shida kafin ya cancanci shiga gasar ƙasa da ƙasa. [1]'Yan wasan da abin ya shafa sun kalubalanci dokokin a Kotun Sasantawa ta Wasanni (CAS), kodayake babu wani ɗan wasa da ya yi nasarar yin hakan. A watan Mayu na 2019, CAS ta amince da ƙa'idodin bisa ga cewa nuna wariya ga tsirarun 'yan wasan DSD ya yi daidai da tsarin da aka tsara don kiyaye damar shiga rukunin mata ga mafi yawan mata ba tare da DSDs ba. [1]A shekarar 2023, Hukumar Kula da Wasannin Motsa Jiki ta Duniya ta ƙara tsaurara ƙa'idojinta, inda ta cire mata masu canza jinsi waɗanda suka balaga daga shiga gasar mata. Sabbin ƙa'idojin sun kuma rage ƙa'idar testosterone ga 'yan wasan XY DSD masu saurin kamuwa da sinadarin androgen zuwa 2.5 nmol/L kuma sun tsawaita ƙa'idar don amfani ga duk wasannin mata, inda a da aka yi amfani da ita ne kawai don bin diddigin abubuwan da ke faruwa tsakanin 400. m da mil ɗaya. Shugaban wasannin motsa jiki na duniya Sebastian Coe ya bayyana wannan a matsayin "mataki mai tsauri don kare rukunin mata a wasanninmu". [1]

Kayan aiki

Haramta tufafi, takalma da sauran kayan aiki da ke ba da fa'ida mara kyau. Kamar matsakaicin tsayin tari na 40 mm da iyakance takalma zuwa farantin tauri ɗaya ga kowace takalma don tseren marathon. [1]Wuraren wasanni da aka tabbatarHukumar Wasannin Duniya tana ba da takaddun shaida na amincewa ga wuraren wasannin motsa jiki: Aji na 1, Aji na 2 da kuma na cikin gida. [1] Domin samun takardar shaida, ana buƙatar wuraren da za su gabatar da rahotannin aunawa na wuraren da za su yi atisaye da kuma filin wasa.Wuraren Aji 1 suna da cikakken takardar shaida tare da gwaje-gwajen da aka yi a wurinsu na ainihin saman filin wasan roba, yayin da wuraren Aji 2 ke tabbatar da cewa saman roba yana da ingantaccen Takardar Shaidar Samfura (daga kamfanin kera saman filin wasan roba mai izini) kuma wurin ya cika ƙa'idodi masu tsauri don auna daidai da ke cikin Dokokin Wasannin Duniya da Dokokin Wasanni.