Wulakanci

{{Columns-list|* Acts of repudiation

• Dehumanization
• Dignity taking
• Depression
• Domicide
• Erotic humiliation
• Hazing
• Humiliation of Christ
• Perpetrators, victims, and bystanders
• Public humiliation
• Schadenfreude
• Self-abasement
• Social defeat
• Social emotions
• Social stigma
• [[Tor

[G|thumb|Kwayar cutar, daga The Costume of Great Britain (1805) ]]

Wulakanci
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	remorse (en) da intentional human activity (en)
Bangare na	psychological terminology (en)
Fuskar	mobbing (en)
Yana haddasa	mortification (en)

Rashin kunya shine rashin girman kai, wanda ke haifar da rashin jin daɗi ko kuma yana haifar da halin da ake ciki na ƙasƙantar da hankali ko biyayya. Motsin rai ne da mutumin da matsayinsa na zamantakewa, ko dai ta hanyar karfi ko da yardar rai, ya ragu. Ana iya kawo shi ta hanyar tsoratarwa, cin zarafin jiki ko tunani ko yaudara, ko kuma ta hanyar kunya idan an bayyana mutum ya aikata wani abu da ba a yarda da shi ba. Ganin cewa ana iya neman tawali'u shi kaɗai a matsayin hanyar da za a rage girman kai, Wulakanci dole ne ya shafi wani mutum (s), kodayake ba lallai ba ne kai tsaye ko da yardar rai.

Rashin kunya a halin yanzu batun bincike ne mai aiki, kuma yanzu ana ganinsa a matsayin muhimmiyar mahimmanci - kuma mai rikitarwa - a cikin dangantaka ɗan adam, yana da tasiri a cikin mutum, mutum-mutumi, ma'aikata da matakan duniya.

Tasirin tunani

Jin wulakanci na iya haifar da 'fushi mai wulakanci', wanda idan ya juya ciki zai iya haifar da rashin kulawa da baƙin ciki, kuma idan ya juya waje zai iya haifar le paranoia, halayyar zalunci da tunanin fansa. Klein ya bayyana cewa, "Lokacin da aka ba da umarni a waje, fushin da aka ƙasƙantar da shi ba tare da saninsa ba yana haifar da ƙarin wadanda ke fama da su, sau da yawa sun haɗa da masu kallo marasa laifi. Lokacin da aka ba da umarni a ciki, ƙiyayya ta kai ta sa wadanda abin ya shafa ba za su iya biyan bukatunsu ba, ba tare da samun kuzari don ƙauna da kula da wasu ba.

Binciken da masu bincike a Jami'ar Michigan suka yi ya bayyana cewa "suna yankuna iri ɗaya na kwakwalwa waɗanda suka zama masu aiki don mayar da martani ga abubuwan da suka faru na jin zafi suna kunnawa yayin abubuwan da suka shafi ƙin yarda da jama'a". A wasu kalmomi, ana fuskantar wulakanci da kaɗaici sosai kamar ciwo na jiki.

Hukunce-hukunce da dabarun tambayoyi

Non-trinitarian Cathars wearing loincloths being burnt at the stake in an auto-da-fé (c. 1495, with garrote and phallus), presided over by Saint Dominic, oil on panel by Pedro Berruguete.

Paris 1944: Mata da ake zargi da hadin gwiwa tare da Nazis ana nuna su a kan tituna ba tare da kafafu ba, aske, kuma tare da alamun konewa a fuskokinsu.

Sau da yawa ana amfani da wulakanci ga mutum ɗaya da wani (mai wulakanci) a matsayin hanyar tabbatar da iko a kansu, kuma wani nau'i ne na zalunci ko cin zarafi da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin 'yan sanda, soja, ko kurkuku yayin tambayoyin shari'a ko zaman azabtarwa ba bisa ka'ida ba. Yawancin hukunce-hukuncen jama'a da suka wuce yanzu an tsara su da gangan don su zama abin kunya, misali tarring da fuka-fuki masu karya doka, pillory, "alama ta kunya" (abin kunya) a matsayin hanyar "yin misali" na mutum da kuma gabatar da abin hanawa ga wasu. Wasu ayyuka, kamar tarring da fuka-fuki, sun zama kayan aiki na shari'ar jama'a ba bisa ka'ida ba. A cikin al'adun gargajiya irin su hawan skimmington na Ingilishi da kiɗa mai tsanani (da kwatankwacin su na nahiyar, kamar Faransanci Charivari), an gabatar da zanga-zangar nuna rashin amincewar ɗabi'a don ƙasƙantar da masu laifi da kuma fitar da su daga cikin al'umma.[1]

Wasu jihohin Amurka sun yi gwaji tare da wulakanci ko kunyar da masu karya doka ta hanyar buga sunayensu da nuna laifin su (misali, tare da neman karuwanci ko shan giya da tuki). A shekara ta 2010, an yi kuka ga jama'a game da rahotanni da ke nuna 'yan sanda a Dongguan da Guangdong a kasar Sin suna jagorantar fareti na karuwanci da aka kama don wulakanci su. Ma'aikatar Tsaron Jama'a ta Kasa ta tsawata wa 'yan sanda na yankin kuma ta tabbatar da cewa ba a ba da izinin irin wannan hukunci ba.

Ra'ayi mai zurfi na ɗan adam

Rashin kunya na Sarkin sarakuna Valerian ta hanyar Shapur, Sarkin Farisa ta hanyar Hans Holbein the Younger

Donald Klein ya bayyana wulakanci a matsayin "wani abu mai karfi a cikin al'amuran ɗan adam wanda, saboda dalilai da yawa, ɗaliban ɗabi'a da ɗabi'ar rukuni sun yi watsi da shi. Yana da tasiri mai yawa kuma yana da mummunar tasiri a cikin halayyar mutane, kungiyoyi, da al'ummomi".

Kodayake motsin rai ne na ra'ayi, wulakanci yana da wani bangare na duniya wanda ya shafi dukkan 'yan adam: "yana jin cewa an sanya shi ƙasa, an sanya shi ya ji ƙasa da yadda mutum yake ji".

al'umma da ke fama da wulakanci ba ta da kwanciyar hankali. Rashin jituwa tsakanin yadda ake fahimtar al'umma da kuma yadda take ganin kanta na iya zama babba sosai har tashin hankali na iya haifar da sikelin da yawa ga mutanen da ke cikin wata kungiya. A cewar Jonathan Sacks, "Ta hanyar juya tambayar 'Me muka yi kuskure?' zuwa 'Wane ne ya yi mana wannan?', [ƙiyayya da wata kungiya] ya dawo da wasu ma'auni na mutunci kuma ya ba da hanyar aiki. A cikin ilimin halayyar mutum, kalmomin asibiti don wannan tsari suna rabuwa da tsinkaya; yana bawa mutane damar bayyana kansu a matsayin wadanda abin ya shafa"