Yaƙe-yaƙe na Ottoman a Afirka

Yaƙe-yaƙe na Ottoman a Afirka

Iri	series of wars (en)
Kwanan watan	1516 –  1911
Wuri	Afirka
Ƙasa	Daular Usmaniyya

Selim I

Suleiman I

Hayreddin Barbarossa

An kafa daular Ottoman a farkon karni na 14. Tun daga karni na 16, ta kuma fara samun dukiya bayan jerin yaƙe-yaƙe a gabar tekun Arewacin Afirka .

Masar

Masar ta kasance karkashin mulkin Mamluk Sultanate karkashin jagorancin Circassians da Kipchak Turks, wanda kuma ya mulki Siriya, Falasdinu, Lebanon da Jordan . Bayan Mehmed na biyu (Mai nasara) ya hada mafi yawan yankin Anatoliya karkashin mulkin Ottoman, daulolin biyu sun zama makwabtaka da juna inda wasu ma'abota Mamluk guda biyu na asalin Turkmen suka kasance jihohin da ke tsakanin su. A lokacin Yaƙin Farisa na Ottoman-Safavid, Mamluks (ko ƴan yaƙinsu) sun goyi bayan Farisa. Selim I (Mai Girma) na Daular Usmaniyya ya yi amfani da wannan ikirari a matsayin hujja don yakar Mamluk. A lokacin dogon yakin Selim zuwa Masar a 1516–18, Mamluks sun sha kashi sau uku; a yakin Marj Dabiq da Yaunis Khan a kan hanyar zuwa Masar da kuma yakin Ridanieh a Masar (Na farko da na uku da kansa Selim ne ya yi umarni da shi, na biyu na Hadim Sinan Pasha ), babban waziri . Yaki na uku da Hadim Sinan Pasha ya fadi shi ne bugu na karshe ga Mamluk. Bayan arangama a birnin Alkahira, an kama Sarkin Mamluk Tumanbay II sannan Selim ya mamaye yankin Mamluk baki daya, wanda ya kara fadada daular Usmaniyya fiye da sau biyu a cikin shekaru biyu kacal.

Dukiyar Ottoman a karni na 19

Aljeriya

Turkawa corsair da Admiral Hayreddin Barbarossa a shekara ta 1516, sun kwace birnin Algiers daga hannun Charles V. Ko da yake da farko Barbaros da 'yan uwansa sun kasance masu zaman kansu, bayan mutuwar ɗan'uwansa, Barbaros ya roki Selim don kariya. A cikin 1532, lokacin mulkin Suleiman I (Mai Girma), an nada Barbaros a matsayin babban hafsan sojojin ruwa na Daular Usmaniyya kuma Aljeriya ta zama mallakin Ottoman. A ƙarshe, Ottomans sun fara sarrafa yankin na baya kuma. A cikin 1552, Salih Reis wani sarki na Ottoman, ya yi tafiya a cikin Sahara kuma ya kama Touggourt .

Tunisiya

A farkon karni na 16 ƙasar Tunisia ta kasance karkashin daular Hafsid na asalin Berber . Ko da yake Tunis, Barbaros ya mamaye birnin mafi muhimmanci na ƙasar Tunisiya a madadin Daular Usmaniyya a shekara ta 1534, a shekara ta gaba a lokacin mulkin Charles V, sojojin ruwa na Daular Roma Mai Tsarki sun mamaye birnin. A shekara ta 1560, sojojin ruwan Ottoman karkashin jagorancin Piyale Pasha sun fatattaki manyan sojojin ruwa na Daular Roma mai tsarki a yakin Djerba . Bayan wannan yakin Uluç Ali Reis na Daular Usmaniyya ya kwace birnin a karo na biyu a shekara ta 1569 a lokacin Selim II . Shekaru biyu bayan haka birnin ya rasa hannun daular Roma mai tsarki a karo na biyu. Daga karshe a shekara ta 1574, sojojin ruwa na Ottoman karkashin jagorancin babban Admiral Sinan Pasha sun kwace birnin a karo na uku.

Libya

Bayan da Knights Hospitaller ya bar tsibirin Rhodes a 1522, wasu daga cikinsu sun zauna a Tripoli, birni mafi mahimmanci na Libya. A cikin 1551, Ottoman Admiral Turgut Reis (wanda aka fi sani da Dragut) ya kama birnin tare da taimakon Sinan Pasha. Daga karshe an hade Benghazi da Fezzan na baya. Tsakanin 1711 zuwa 1835 Libya ta zama mai cin gashin kanta a karkashin daular Karamanlı (daular da wani shugaban soja daga Karaman, Turkiyya ya kafa). Bayan 1835 Mahmud II ya sake kafa ikon Ottoman.

Kahon Afirka

A 1538, Suleiman I ya aika da sojojin ruwa zuwa Tekun Indiya . ( duba balaguron balaguron ruwan Ottoman a Tekun Indiya ). An ci gaba da balaguro har tsawon shekaru 30. Özdemir Pasha, mataimakin na Admiral, ya ci yammacin gabar tekun Bahar Maliya (kimanin dai dai da kunkuntar gabar tekun kasar Sudan da kuma Eritriya ) a shekara ta 1567, lokacin mulkin Selim II . A ƙarshen karni na 16 Ottoman Admiral Ali Bey ya kafa ikon Ottoman a yawancin biranen gabar tekun Swahili tsakanin Mogadishu da Kilwa . Daular Ottoman ta mamaye daular Habasha Sarki Sarsa Dengel ne ya murkushe shi a yakin Addi Qarro, inda aka kashe kwamandan Ottoman Ahmad Pasha. Mogadishu ta amince da Ottoman suzerainty a 1585, kuma Ali Bey kuma ya kafa ikon Ottoman a wasu yankuna kamar Brava, Mombasa, Kilifi, Pate, Lamu da Faza . Haka nan kasar Habasha ta samu dan kankanin lokaci na mamayar daular Usmaniyya a lokacin da mulkin Daular Usmaniyya da Masar suka katse ’yancin kai na Masarautar Harar wanda ya sa aka kara daular Harar a matsayin mallakin Daular Usmaniyya da Masar har sai bayan shekaru 10 da turawan Ingila suka fatattake su.

Maroko

Daular Usmaniyya ba ta taba cinye Maroko ba . Daular Ottoman karkashin jagorancin Hassan Pasha sun sha babban kaye a hannun Saadi Sultan Abdallah al-Ghalib a Wadi al-Laban.. Hassan Pasha ya kasa tserewa saboda gudun dokinsa. A shekara ta 1792 Masarautar Algiers ta mallaki Oujda na Moroko wanda suka yi watsi da shi a 1795, Oujda ya kasance karkashin mulkin Ottoman tsawon shekaru 2.

Yakin Napoleon a Masar

Janar Napoleon Bonaparte (daga baya Napoleon I) na ƙasar Faransa ya mamaye Masar a 1798. Babban sojojin Ottoman sun shagaltu a fagen turai kuma masu karewa kawai sojojin gida ne da aka fatattake su a yakin dala . Duk da haka Napoleon bai iya ci gaba da yawa ba saboda sojojin ruwa na Birtaniya sun ci nasara da rundunarsa. A cikin 1799 ya dawo kuma sojojin Faransa sun kwashe Masar bayan yakin Alexandria a 1801.

Asarar yankuna

Daular Usmaniyya ta rasa iko da Masar kai tsaye da kuma kasashen da ke kudu a lokacin tawayen Kavalalı Mehmet Ali Pasha a shekarun 1830. Kodayake har yanzu ana ɗaukar Masar a matsayin vassal na Ottoman, Daular Ottoman ta ɓace gaba ɗaya a cikin 1880s zuwa Daular Burtaniya . Ya zuwa karni na 19, ikon da Ottoman ke yi a kasashen yammacin Masar ya kuma raunana. An yi hasarar Aljeriya a cikin 1830 kuma Tunis ta yi rashin nasara a 1881, duka a hannun Faransa . Libya, yankin Ottoman na ƙarshe a Afirka an rasa hannun kasar Italiya a ƙarshen Yaƙin Italo-Turkiyya a 1911.