Yaƙin Agaarweyne
| Iri | faɗa |
|---|---|
| Bangare na | Nugaal campaign |
| Kwanan watan | 15 – 17 ga Afirilu, 1903 |
| Wuri |
Gumburka Cagaare (en)  |
| Ƙasa | Somaliya |
| Participant (en) | |
An yi yakin Agaarweyne (wanda aka fi sani da Gumburu) a ranar 15 ga watan Afrilu 1903, a Agaarweyne tsakanin Turawan Ingila ƙarƙashin Kanar Plunkett da sojojin Haji Muhammad Abdullah Hassan.[1] An ƙarfafa shi da fifiko da makamai, Muhammad ya yi nasara kuma ya ci nasara a kan sojojin kawancen. Wannan yakin ya haifar da firgici a yankin Kahon Afirka (Horn of Africa).[2]
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Bayan shan kaye da aka yi a Beerdhiga, Turawan mulkin mallaka sun sake haɗa rundunoninsu a Kahon Afirka ƙarƙashin sabon jagoranci, inda suka mai da hankali kan kokarinsu kan Sayyid Muhammad Abdullah Hassan, wani adadi da suka kira "Mad Mullah." Turawan ingila sun tsara wani shiri na kaddamar da hari ta fuskoki uku a kan Daraawiish. Gaban farko, daga Hobyo, ya ƙunshi sojoji 5,296, ciki har da sojojin Birtaniya da na Boer daga Afirka ta Kudu, da kuma mayakan Somaliya, da Yao, da na Sikh. Gaba na biyu ya taso daga Berbera, ya ratsa ta Buhodle, tare da dakaru 3,745, waɗanda suka haɗa da Somaliya, Sudan, Sikhs, da Yaos, tare da Injiniyoyin Sarauta na Burtaniya. Gaba na uku ya ci gaba daga Jigajiga ta hanyar Dutsen, wanda ya kunshi yawancin sojojin Habasha ƙarƙashin jagorancin Birtaniya. Waɗannan ruƙunoni guda uku yakamata su haɗu a Agarweyne a tsakiyar watan Oktoba 1903.[3]
Yaƙi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Dervishes sun riga sun san ginshiƙai uku na sojojin Biritaniya da ke gabatowa kuma sun riga sun shirya yaƙi, yayin da Birtaniyya, ba su san da hakan ba, sun yi niyyar kai harin ba-zata. Da yammacin ranar 14 ga watan Afrilu, ginshiƙin Hobyo ya isa rijiyar Geledi, inda suka ci karo da wani Bature da wani raƙumi mai ɗauke da ruwa. Lokacin da aka yi masa tambayoyi, ya yi iƙirarin, "Ban san wani Dervishes a nan ba". Suka tsare shi, amma ya tsere da daddare, ya sanar da Derwish irin ƙarfin da sojojin Birtaniya suke da shi, da makamansu, da hirarrakinsu, da halin da suke ciki. A ranar 15 ga watan Afrilu, ruƙunin Birtaniya ya isa Agaarweyne, suka kafa wani babban sansanin tsaro, ba tare da sanin cewa Derwish, ƙarƙashin jagorancin Isman Boos, suna shirin yin jihadi da za a kaddamar da wayewar gari ba. Dervishes sun raba sojojinsu gida biyu, suka far wa Ingila daga wurare huɗu a farkon haske, suna bin tsari mai kyau. Sojojin Dervish na farko sun yi fafatawa har zuwa karfe 11:00 na safe a ranar 16 ga watan Afrilu, bayan da aka maye gurbinsu da sauyi na biyu kamar yadda aka tsara. Faɗan, mai tsanani da ci gaba, ya ci gaba da kasancewa har dare ya yi. A halin da ake ciki dai gwamnatin Burtaniya ta haɗa kai da Italiya a fagen daga Hobyo da Habasha a ɓangaren Jigaji, yayin da turawan mulkin mallaka suka nemi murkushe barazanar Derwish. Duk da haka, Dervishes, suna da cikakkiyar masaniya game da ma'aikatan Birtaniya, sun yi shiri sosai, har ma da yanke shawarar nau'in dawakai da za su yi amfani da su a lokacin zafi na rana da kuma lokacin sanyi na safe.[4][5]
Da yawa daga cikin Derwiyawan da suka halarci yakin sun ba da rahoton cewa, Turawan mulkin mallaka sun bar sojojin su kaɗai suka yi yaki, suka ɗaure su bibbiyu don su fice su gudu. kuma babu wanda ya fita daga wurin. Da misalin karfe 1:00 na rana babu motsi ko harbi daga kowane ɓangare. Me ya faru kuma yakin ya ƙare? Derwish suna rera wakoki suna kashe wakoki, sun tara wuta, harsashi da dukiyoyin kafirai.[6]
A ranar 17 ga watan Afrilu, bisa ga bayanan waɗanda suka tsira daga Afirka, bayan sun ci karo da Olivey da ke da nisan mil mil daga sansanin, Plunkett ya haɗa sojojinsa da shi. Maimakon ja da baya, sai suka kafa wani filin tsaro tare da Sikhs da aka sanya a gaba, suna tafiya zuwa yamma na kimanin mil shida. Sun isa wani buɗadɗen fili da ke kewaye da kurmi mai yawan gaske, inda gungun darwish suka taru domin tunkararsu. Dakarun sun fuskanci wani gagarumin farmaki daga mayaka kusan 4,000 da suka kife da sojoji 6,000, bisa ga dukkan alamu ƙarƙashin jagorancin Mullah. Tare da rashin mutunta kisa da ake yawan nunawa a gaban Mullah, Derwish suka kaddamar da farmaki daga kowane ɓangare. Da farko mahaya dawakai ne suka bi su, ‘yan bindigu da ke biye da su a ƙafa, daga ƙarshe kuma ɗimbin mashi, waɗanda ƙarfinsu ya kutsa kai cikin dandalin duk da tsananin harbin bindiga da aka yi. Plunkett na cikin waɗanda aka fara kai wa hari, inda ya samu raunuka daga harsashi da mashi. Yayin da harsashinsu ya yi kasa, sai ya ba da umarnin a tashi, inda ya umurci mutanensa da su mayar da su wajen zariba ta hanyar amfani da bayonet ɗin sun. Duk da haka, ya zuwa wannan lokaci, an riga an kashe da yawa ko kuma an raunata. Dakarun da suka rage sun garzaya zuwa gaba, amma wasu kaɗan ne suka samu ci gaba sosai. An lalata bindigogin maxim kafin makiya su kama su, ba da jimawa ba 'yan ƙaramin karfi suka mamaye su.[7]
Da karfe 11:45 na safe wasu daga cikin 'yan Somaliya a sansanin Cobbe sun ba da rahoton cewa sun ji karar harbe-harbe. Da kyar ba a ji shi, amma Cobbe ya aika da wasu dakaru don su yi bincike. Bayan awa ɗaya daya daga cikinsu ya dawo ɗauke da jagoran Plunkett. ya raunata, akan dokinsa, wanda ya ce an sare karfin. Cobbe ya aika da rahotanni zuwa Manning, kuma ya aika da ƙarin mutane masu hawa don samun labarai, ya gane cewa ana buƙatar akalla ɗari daga cikin mutane 250 da ke tare da shi don kare sansanin, kuma ya riga ya yi latti don aika da ƙarfafawa. Ya zuwa yanzu waɗanda suka tsira daga yakin sun shigo, tare da taimakon ’yan sintiri da aka ɗora. Dawakan Derwish ne suka biyo su har zuwa zariba, waɗanda dole ne a kori su da guntu, ko da yake 'yan leƙen asirinsu sun ci gaba da tsaro.[8]
An ruwaito cewa sojojin Birtaniya da suka shiga yakin sun bar mutane shida ne kawai, kamar yadda HF Pervosi Battersby ya rubuta yana cewa:
"Bayan sun yi fafatawa sosai, sojojin Biritaniya, harsashinsu sun ƙare, sun yi galaba a kansu; mutane 41 ne kawai suka koma ginshikin Kanar Cobbe, amma 6 daga cikinsu ba su samu raunuka ba, hasarar da muka yi ita ce jami'an Birtaniya da kuma mutane sama da 200."[9]
Sojojin Dervish sun yi nasara a kan sojojin Ingila da gaske, har ma sun yi nasarar mayar da sojojin da turawan suka aika. Sojojin Ingila sun ja da baya cikin lumana daga fagen daga, haka nan Derwish ma ya bar fagen fama da gagarumar nasara. Ba wai kawai sun kwashe ganima da kaya daga fagen fama ba, har ma sun bar gawawwakin turawa, tare da wasu tumaki da rakuma, sai Derwish suka dawo da girmamawa. Sojojin Ingila sun sami darasi mai tsanani a wannan rana yayin da suke gudu a gaban manyan sojojin Derwish.[10]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Moyse-Bartlett, Lieutenant-Colonel H. (2012-02-10). The King's African Rifles - Volume 1 (in Turanci). Andrews UK Limited. p. 182. ISBN 978-1-78150-661-5.
- ↑ Mukhtar, Mohamed Haji (2003-02-25). Historical Dictionary of Somalia (in Turanci). Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6604-1.
- ↑ Mukhtar, Mohamed Haji (2003-02-25). Historical Dictionary of Somalia (in Turanci). Scarecrow Press. p. 31. ISBN 978-0-8108-6604-1.
- ↑ Mukhtar, Mohamed Haji (2003-02-25). Historical Dictionary of Somalia (in Turanci). Scarecrow Press. p. 32. ISBN 978-0-8108-6604-1.
- ↑ Ciise, Jaamac Cumar (2005). Taariikhdii daraawiishta iyo Sayid Maxamad Cabdille Xasan 1895-1920: daabacaddii labaad, Jabuuti- 2005 (in Somalianci). CERD. p. 73.
- ↑ Ciise, Jaamac Cumar (2005). Taariikhdii daraawiishta iyo Sayid Maxamad Cabdille Xasan 1895-1920: daabacaddii labaad, Jabuuti- 2005 (in Somalianci). CERD. p. 75.
- ↑ Battersby, Henry Francis (1914). Richard Corfield of Somaliland (in Turanci). E. Arnold. p. 38.
- ↑ Moyse-Bartlett, Lieutenant-Colonel H. (2012-02-10). The King's African Rifles - Volume 1 (in Turanci). Andrews UK Limited. p. 179. ISBN 978-1-78150-661-5.
- ↑ Battersby, Henry Francis (1914). Richard Corfield of Somaliland (in Turanci). E. Arnold. p. 38.
- ↑ Ciise, Jaamac Cumar (2005). Taariikhdii daraawiishta iyo Sayid Maxamad Cabdille Xasan 1895-1920: daabacaddii labaad, Jabuuti- 2005 (in Somalianci). CERD. p. 77.