Yaƙin Akure-Benin

Yaƙin Akure-Benin

7°15′00″N 5°11′42″E
Iri	yaƙi
Kwanan watan	1818
Wuri	Akure
Ƙasa	Najeriya
Participant (en)	Masarautar Benin Akure Kingdom (en)

Yakin Akure-Benin na 1818 rikici ne tsakanin masarautun Benin da Akure a Najeriya a yanzu. Asalin wannan rikici ana iya danganta shi da sarkakiyar tarihin yankin, inda Akure ya kasance wurin zama na dadadden matsuguni, wasu tun daga farkon masarautar Ife . Masarautar Akure ta samo asali ne a lokacin da aka dunkule wadannan al'ummomi a karkashin mulkin Yarima Omoremilekun, wanda ya kasance zuriyar Oduduwa, wanda ya shahara a tarihin Yarbawa. A tarihi, dangantakar dake tsakanin Benin da Akure ta kasance mai zaman lafiya da mutunta juna saboda al'adun gargajiya da zuriyarsu.

Duk da haka, wannan jituwa ta wargaje lokacin da Deji na Akure, Arakale, ya kashe Cif Osague, wakilin Benin. Wannan al’amari tare da wasu rigingimu da tunzura jama’a, shi ya haifar da mamayar kasar Benin a Akure. Wannan mamaya ya hada da daukar matakan soji, tare da sojojin Benin karkashin jagorancin Cif Erebo Ezomo, Janar Ologbosere na Ologbosere, da Imaran. Sun fuskanci turjiya daga sojojin Akure, karkashin jagorancin Deji da kansa. Sojojin Benin sun bi ta hanyoyi daban-daban da dabaru, inda daga karshe suka kwace Akure bayan ruguza fadar Deji. Wannan nasara ta kai ga kafa Akure a matsayin kasa mai cin gashin kanta a karkashin ikon Benin.

Sakamakon yakin ya yi yawa. Ga Akure, ya nuna rashin nasara, wanda ya haifar da asarar 'yancin kai da kuma mika wuya ga mulkin Benin. Deji na Akure dole ne ya yi mubaya'a ga Oba na Benin, Osemwende, kuma ya biya haraji. Sabanin haka, ga kasar Benin, yakin ya nuna karfinsa da kuma fadada tasirinsa a yankin, inda Oba ya tara dukiya mai yawa ta hanyar haraji da ganima. Rikicin ya yi tasiri mai ɗorewa a tarihi da al'adun Akure da Benin, waɗanda aka yi bikin tunawa da su ta hanyoyi daban-daban, ciki har da al'adun baka, bukukuwa, abubuwan tarihi, da fasaha.

Fage

Masarautar Akure, wacce asalinta ke da nasaba da babban mutum Oduduwa, Omoremilekun, wani basarake daga Ile-Ife kuma kwararre na farautar giwa ne ya kafa shi. Tafiyar tasa ta kai ga hada kan al’ummomin yankin masu cin gashin kansu daban-daban, har ya kai ga nadin sarautar shi na Ajapadan Akure na farko. Tarihin farko na masarautan ya kasance da tsayin daka ga tsarin mulki na tsakiya, kwatankwacin daular Ife ta farko, amma shugabancin Omoremilekun ya kawo kwanciyar hankali da hadin kai, ya kafa daular sarauta wacce za ta dau shekaru aru-aru.

Dangantaka tsakanin Masarautar Akure da daular Benin ta kasance cikin zaman lafiya a tarihi, ta samo asali ne daga al'adun gargajiya da zuriyarsu. Akure ya amince da ikon Oba na Benin, tare da girmamawa da girmamawa, yayin da Oba ya ci gaba da zumunci ta hanyar wakilai da kyauta. Wannan daidaituwar ta samu wargaza sakamakon wani lamarin da ya kai ga yakin Akure – Benin, wanda ke nuna ma’auni mai kyau da mutuntawa tsakanin masarautun biyu.

Dalilai

Yakin Akure-Benin na 1818 ya barke daga bala'in da ya fara da kisan wani jami'in diflomasiyya na Benin kuma ya ta'azzara tare da tashin hankali daga baya. Cif Osague, mai girma memba daga Iwebo Chancellery na fadar Benin, an aika zuwa Akure a cikin 1818 tare da Chalk of Good Tidings, wanda ke nufin hawan Oba Osemwende a 1816. Deji na Akure, Arakale, mai kishin rigar Cif Osague, ya haifar da arangama da ta yi sanadin mutuwar Osague.

Wasu bayanai sun nuna cewa aikin Cif Osague na da nasaba da ladabtar da Akure saboda nada Deji ba tare da amincewar Benin ba. A gefe guda kuma, an kaiwa wani dan kasuwan Benin mai suna Ogonto hari a kasuwar Akure, lamarin da ya haifar da tarzoma da ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar wasu Bini. Wani lamari makamancin haka a Igbara-Odo ya yi sanadiyar kashe Bini da dama tare da lalata musu dukiya.

Wanda aka yi masa ado a cikin rigar da ta dace da wani basaraken Benin, Cif Osague, tare da rakiyar tawagarsa, sun gabatar da alli na bushara ga Arakale, wanda ke kwadayin kwalliyar murjani na Osague. Daga baya an samu sabani a Akure tsakanin daya daga cikin matan Cif Osague da wani mai siyar da taba sigari, rikicin da Arakale ya haddasa, wanda ya rikide zuwa fada. A rikicin da ya biyo baya, yayin da Cif Osague ya yi yunkurin kare matarsa, an kashe shi. Daga nan sai Arakale ya yi ikirarin ƙwanƙolin murjani na Cif Osague da kansa. Labarin wannan lamari ya isa birnin Benin, inda aka ba da labarin kisan da aka yi wa wakilin Oba. Wannan ne ya tunzura Osemwende ya ayyana balaguron ladabtarwa na ramuwar gayya da kisan da aka yi wa jakadan nasa da mallake Akure.

Hakika

Wasu jiga-jigan sojojin kasar ta Benin ne suka shirya wannan balaguron azabtarwa, wanda ya kunshi kwamandojin yaki uku da kwamandojin gaba guda biyu, kowannensu yana kula da runduna daban-daban da hanyoyin dabarun yaki. Manyan mukaman Ezomo, Ologbosere, da Imaran sun kasance a hannun Erebor, Janar Ologbosere, da wani jajirtaccen jarumi, wanda ke nuni da manyan mukamansu na soja a cikin manyan mukamai na Benin. Imadiyi da Oyodo, a matsayin kwamandojin gaba, sun taka rawar gani a yakin neman zabe.

Da sojojin Benin suka ci gaba, sai suka fuskanci turjiya daga sojojin Akure, karkashin jagorancin Deji da kansa. Kwamandojin Benin, suna amfani da dabarun dabaru ta hanyoyi daban-daban, sun taru a Akure. Kamfen din nasu na soji ya sha kai hare-hare a Akure, Ilawe, da Igara-Odo, inda suka kai wadannan yankuna zuwa arewa tare da garuruwan Ewi. Nasarar da sojojin Benin suka samu, an danganta shi ne da tsare tsare da aka yi, tare da dakile shirye-shiryen da Akure ke yi na kare duk wata barazana daga Benin.

Sojojin Benin sun kaddamar da farmaki inda suka yi nasarar kwace garin. An kama Deji na Akure, Arakale, aka kashe shi, kuma aka kai dansa, Adésọrọ̀ (Osupa), fursuna zuwa Benin. Wannan gagarumin mataki da dakarun kasar Benin suka dauka, ya kwantar da tarzoma a Akure. Sun yi garkuwa da mutane da dama, suka kama shanu da kayayyaki masu daraja, inda suka dora wa Akure haraji mai yawa a duk shekara, wanda ya kunshi bayi uku, da giwaye da murjani, duk wanda ake biya ga Oba na Benin. Sakamakon haka, Akure ya koma wata kasa mai cin gashin kanta a karkashin jamhuriyar Benin, wanda hakan ya yi hasarar ‘yancin kai da martabarta.

Sakamako

Sakamakon rikicin ya yi tasiri sosai a Akure da Benin. A Akure, yakin ya kai ga gaci, inda ya kawar da cin gashin kansa da wadatarsa. Garin dai ya fada karkashin kasar Benin, wanda hakan ya kai ga gallazawa da wulakanci. An tilasta wa Deji ya rantse wa Oba na Benin, yana yin karramawa da girmamawa.

Ga Jamhuriyar Benin, yakin ya kasance nuni ne da karfin sojan da take da shi, kuma ya sake tabbatar da matsayinta a matsayin wata babbar karfi. Tasirin Oba ya mamaye Akure da yankunan da ke kewaye, wanda ya kara karfin Benin a yankin. Oba ya tabbatar da daukakarsa, ya tara dukiya da dukiya ta hanyar haraji da ganima da aka karbo daga Akure.

Nasarar da aka samu a yakin ya samu karin tallafi daga dakarun kawance da suka hada da sojoji da kayayyaki daga Ikerres da ke gabashin kasar Yarbawa da kuma masarautar Esan ta Irrua. Onojie na taimakon Uromi a lokacin rikicin, Oba na Benin ya amince da shi, wanda ya ba shi hakkin ya gaji dukiyoyin marasa haihuwa a Uromi. Bayan kwato garin Akure, manyan kwamandojin sojojin Benin, Imadiyi da Oyodo, sun kafa sansani mai mahimmanci a Otun, wanda ya taimaka wajen ci gaba da ayyukan soji a yankin Ekiti da sauran yankunan Gabashin Yarbawa. Yakin da suka yi ya kawo garuruwa da masarautu da dama a karkashin ikon Benin, wanda ya tilasta wa sarakunan Ekiti su amince da mulkin Oba ta hanyar harajin shekara-shekara.

Gado

A cikin 1834, shekaru bayan cin Akure, Oba na Benin ya saki Adésọrọ̀, ɗan Arakale, daga bauta, sannan aka naɗa shi Deji na Akure. Ya dauki mukamin Osupa I (Osupa lati Ado wa) kuma an dora masa alhakin kare muradun Benin a yankin Ekiti. Musamman ma, wani mutum mai suna Orhuon (Orhuonkedo), (watakila sarki mai suna "Osuon", a tarihin Akure, dan Oba Ausi), wanda ya ayyana kansa Deji na Akure, ya kashe kansa da samun labarin zuwan Osupa I tare da manzannin Oba.

Rikicin ya bar tarihi da al'adar Akure da Benin. Yana mai nuni da irin rawar da yake takawa wajen siffanta asalinsu da makomarsu, ana tunawa da su ta hanyoyi daban-daban, da suka hada da al'adun baka, bukukuwa, abubuwan tarihi, da fasaha. Jacob Egharevba ya rubuta wani wasan igwa a gidan tarihi na Benin wanda watakila an yi amfani da shi wajen lalata fadar Deji.

Nassoshi

Bibiyar Tarihi

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Ƙara karatu

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