Yaƙin Aljeriya
 | |
| Suna a harshen gida | (ar) ثَوْرَةُ تَحْرِيرِ الْجَزَائِرِ، الثَّوْرَةُ التَّحْرِيرِيَّةُ الْجَزَائِرِيَّةُ |
|---|---|
| Iri |
war of independence (en)  Yaƙe-yaƙe na 'yanci na ƙasa |
| Suna saboda | Aljeriya |
| Bangare na | Cold War da Decolonization na Afirka |
| Kwanan watan | 1 Nuwamba, 1954 – 9 Satumba 1962 |
| Muhimmin darasi |
Ƙaunar Aljeriya da sovereignty (en) |
| Wuri | Faransa |
| Ma'aikaci |
Algerians (en) , pieds-noirs (en) da Secret Army Organization (en) |
| Adadin waɗanda suka rasu |
1,500,000 39,322 |
| Hanyar isar da saƙo | |
| Chronology (en) | |
| Taron Soummam | |
| Yarjejeniyar Évian | |
| Has part(s) (en) | |
|
Sanarwar 1 ga watan Nuwamba 1954 Yarjejeniyar Évian Ƴancin Kan Aljeriya na 1962 Battle of Algiers (en) Taron Soummam 1962 Algerian provisional executive (en) | |
Yaƙin Aljeriya (wanda aka fi sani da juyin juya halin Aljeriya ko yakin 'yancin kai na Aljeriya ) rikici ne na makami tsakanin Faransa da kungiyar 'yantar da 'yancin kai ta Aljeriya (FLN) daga shekarun 1954 zuwa 1962, wanda ya kai ga Aljeriya ta samu 'yancin kai daga Faransa. Muhimmiyar yaƙin kawar da mulkin mallaka, rikici ne mai sarƙaƙiya da ke tattare da yaƙe-yaƙe da laifukan yaƙi. Rikicin ya kuma zama yakin basasa tsakanin al'ummomi daban-daban da kuma cikin al'ummomi. Yakin dai ya faru ne musamman a yankin Aljeriya, tare da yin tasiri a babban birnin ƙasar Faransa.
Membobin FLN sun fara aiki sosai a ranar 1 ga watan Nuwamba 1954, lokacin Toussaint Rouge ("Red All Saints' Day "), rikici ya haifar da mummunar rikice-rikicen siyasa a Faransa, wanda ya haifar da faɗuwar Jamhuriya ta Huɗu (1946-58), ta maye gurbinsa da Jamhuriya ta biyar tare da ƙarfafa shugaban ƙasa. Mummunar hanyoyin da sojojin Faransa suka yi amfani da su sun ƙasa samun nasara a cikin Aljeriya, da kawar da goyon baya a babban birnin Faransa, da kuma zubar da martabar Faransa a ketare. [1] Yayin da yakin ya ci gaba, jama'ar Faransa sun juya baya a hankali kuma yawancin manyan kawayen Faransa, ciki har da Amurka, sun sauya daga goyon bayan Faransa don kaurace wa muhawarar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya game da Aljeriya. Bayan manyan zanga-zangar da aka yi a Algiers da wasu garuruwa da dama don neman 'yancin kai (1960) da ƙudurin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya na amincewa da 'yancin samun 'yancin kai, [2] Charles de Gaulle, shugaban farko na Jamhuriyya ta biyar, ya yanke shawarar buɗe jerin shawarwari tare da FLN. Waɗannan sun ƙare tare da rattaba hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Évian a cikin watan Maris 1962. An gudanar da kuri'ar raba gardama a ranar 8 ga watan Afrilu 1962 kuma zaɓen Faransa sun amince da yarjejeniyar Évian. Sakamakon karshe shine kashi 91% na goyon bayan amincewa da wannan yarjejeniya [3] kuma a ranar 1 ga watan Yuli, Yarjejeniyar ta kasance ƙarƙashin kuri'ar raba gardama ta biyu a Aljeriya, inda 99.72% suka zabi 'yancin kai kuma kawai 0.28% na adawa. [4]
Ficewar Faransa da aka shirya ya haifar da rikicin jihar. Wannan ya haɗa da yunkurin kashe de Gaulle daban-daban da kuma wasu yunkurin juyin mulkin da sojoji suka yi. Yawancin tsoffin an yi su ne ta Organisation armée secrète (OAS), wata kungiya ta ƙarƙashin ƙasa da aka kafa musamman daga jami'an sojan Faransa da ke goyon bayan Faransa Aljeriya, waɗanda suka yi ta'addanci da kisan kai masu yawa a Aljeriya da kuma cikin gida don dakatar da shirin 'yancin kai.
Yakin ya yi sanadin mutuwar mutanen Aljeriya 400,000 da miliyan 1.5, [5] [6] 25,600 sojojin Faransa, :538da Turawa 6,000. Laifukan yaki da aka aikata a lokacin yakin sun haɗa da kisan kiyashi da aka yi wa fararen hula, fyade, da azabtarwa; Faransawa sun lalata kauyuka sama da 8,000 tare da mayar da 'yan Aljeriya sama da miliyan biyu matsuguni zuwa sansanonin ta'addanci. Bayan samun 'yancin kai a shekarar 1962, 900,000 Turawa-Algeriya (Pieds-noirs) ya gudu zuwa Faransa cikin 'yan watanni saboda tsoron ramuwar gayya na FLN. Gwamnatin Faransa ba ta shirya karɓar irin wannan adadi mai yawa na ‘yan gudun hijira ba, lamarin da ya haifar da tarzoma a Faransa. Mafi akasarin musulmin Aljeriya da suka yi wa Faransawa aiki, an yi watsi da su, an kuma bar su a baya, yayin da yarjejeniyar da aka kulla tsakanin hukumomin Faransa da Aljeriya ta bayyana cewa ba za a iya daukar mataki a kansu ba. Sai dai kuma, musamman Harki da suka yi aiki a matsayin masu taimaka wa sojojin Faransa, an ɗauke su a matsayin mayaudara kuma Harki massacres ta FLN ko ta ’yan daba, sau da yawa bayan an sace su da azabtarwa. :537 Kimanin iyalai 20,000 na Harki (kimanin mutane 90,000) sun yi nasarar tserewa zuwa Faransa, wasu tare da taimakon jami'ansu na Faransa sun yi watsi da umarni, kuma a yau su da zuriyarsu sun zama wani muhimmin ɓangare na al'ummar Aljeriya a Faransa.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Keith Brannum. "The Victory Without Laurels: The French Military Tragedy in Algeria (1954–1962)" (PDF). University of North Carolina Asheville. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-10-26.
- ↑ "Document officiel des Nations Unies". un.org. Archived from the original on 27 June 2020. Retrieved 2017-01-13.
- ↑ "référendum 1962 Algérie". france-politique.fr. Archived from the original on 4 July 2017. Retrieved 2017-01-13.
- ↑ "Proclamation des résultats du référendum d'autodétermination du 1er juillet 1962" (PDF). Journal Officiel de l'État Algérien. 6 July 1962. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 December 2018. Retrieved 2009-04-08.
- ↑ "France remembers the Algerian War, 50 years on". 16 March 2012. Archived from the original on 7 December 2017. Retrieved 15 May 2022.
- ↑ Rummel, Rudolph J. "STATISTICS OF DEMOCIDE Chapter 14 THE HORDE OF CENTI-KILO MURDERERS Estimates, Calculations, And Sources". Table 14.1 B; row 664. Archived from the original on 17 February 2021. Retrieved 13 November 2019.
