Yaƙin Belmont (1899)

Yaƙin Belmont

29°25′S 24°22′E
Iri	faɗa
Bangare na	Second Boer War (en)
Kwanan watan	23 Nuwamba, 1899
Wuri	Orange Free State (en)
Ƙasa	Afirka ta kudu
Participant (en)	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

Yaƙin Belmont yaƙi ne na Boer War na biyu a ranar 23 ga watan Nuwamba 1899, inda Birtaniyya a ƙarƙashin Lord Methuen suka kai hari kan Boer a matsayin a Belmont kopje.

Brigades uku na Methuen na kan hanyarsu ta tayar da ƙayar bayan Boer na Kimberley. Sojojin Boer na kimanin mutane 2,000 sun yi katsalandan a kan iyakar Belmont kopje don jinkirta ci gabansu. Methuen ya aika da Brigade na Guards a cikin wani tattaki na dare don yin waje da Boers, amma saboda taswirar kuskuren Grenadier Guards sun sami kansu a gaban Boer matsayi a maimakon haka.

Jami'an tsaro, Brigade na 9 da na Naval Brigade sun far wa Boers a buɗadɗen fili, inda suka jikkata kusan 200. Kafin Birtaniya su zo yin amfani da bayonets, Boers sun koma baya da doki kuma suka sake kafawa a wani matsayi mai mahimmanci a Graspan, inda aka maimaita tsarin tare da Birtaniya da ke fama da wani rauni na 197: wani ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa ya ba da rahoton cewa "a 200 yards mun kafa bayonets, kuma mun ga sheqa; ba su jira lokacin da suka ji kullum ba".

Tarihi

A cikin kwanakin farko na Yaƙin Boer na Biyu, sojojin Boer sun yiwa sojojin Biritaniya kawanya a Kimberley da Ladysmith. An aika da wani Sojoji mai dakaru 40,000 ƙarƙashin jagorancin Janar Sir Redvers Buller zuwa Afirka ta Kudu kuma ya isa a farkon watan Nuwamba 1899. Don sauƙaƙa Kimberley da Ladysmith, Buller ya raba dakarunsa, yana jagorantar rukuni ɗaya a gaba a kan Ladysmith, yayin da 1st Division na Laftanar Janar Lord Methuen aka ba da alhakin karya Siege na Kimberley.

Methuen ya yi shirin tafiya ta hanyar jirgin ƙasa ta Yamma daga Kogin Orange zuwa Kimberley, domin ya kasance kusa da layinsa saboda ƙarancin ruwan sha a yankin da kuma tattara dabbobi, da kuma yin amfani da hanyar jirgin don kwashe dukkan fararen hula daga Kimberley kamar yadda Buller ya umarta. Ana sa ran juriya kaɗan, an gudanar da tattakin ba tare da ɓoyewa ba kuma ba a yi ƙoƙarin yaudarar Boers game da alkiblarsu ba. Bayan isowar Brigade na Naval tare da bindigogi 4.7-inch, ya fara a ranar 21 ga watan Nuwamba.

Saboda ƙarancin sojojin dawakai, sojojin Burtaniya sun ƙasa gudanar da bincike mai inganci don haka ba su san karfin Boer da abun da ke ciki ba, yayin da na baya-bayan nan aka yi la'akari da ainihin karfi da tsarin karfin Methuen. Kamar yadda binciken da ya gabata ya samo wani matsayi na Boer ɗan kaɗan a arewacin tashar Belmont, 19 miles (31 km) daga farkon tafiya a tashar Orange River, Methuen ya yi tsammanin za a fara faɗa a can.

Gabatarwa

Rifles na Australiya sun hau kafin harin Belmont

Yayin da sojojin Birtaniyya suka tashi daga tashar Orange River, Lancers na 9 da Rimington's Guides sun gudanar da bincike daga Fincham's Farm na yankin Belmont, inda suka hango ɗaruruwan Boers suna hawan kopje. Methuen ya isa gonar Thomas, 2 miles (3.2 km) kudu da Belmont, kwana guda bayan haka, inda Boers suka harba mai tsaron sa. Gobarar Boer ta tsaya bayan da sojojin Birtaniyya suka fara luguden wuta a kansu, kuma sojojin na Birtaniyya sun yi kaca-kaca da tsakar dare, suna sa ran za su yi yaki da safe. Ba tare da cikakken bincike ba, Methuen ya shirya mayar da hankali kan harin Boer da ke gudana 100 ft sama da gabas na titin jirgin ƙasa, daidai da layin dogo. Waɗannan su ne Dutsen Tebur da Dutsen Gun a kudu. Bayan kama muƙaman biyu, sojojin Burtaniya za su ci gaba zuwa gabas da sauran layin Boer da ke tafiya daidai da layin dogo, wanda ya haɗa da Sugar Loaf Hill da Razor Back to kudu da Dutsen Blanc, wanda, 100. ft sama da Dutsen Tebur, ya mamaye yankin.

Tsarin Yaƙi

Sojojin Burtaniya

Kashi na daya	Laftanar-Janar Lord Paul Sanford Methuen GCB, GCMG, GCVO
Rukunin Sojojin
9th Lancers	Brigade na 9 : Manjo-Janar Charles Whittingham Douglas
Batirin Filin Na 18, Makarantun Sarauta	Battalion 1st Northumberland Fusiliers
Kamfanin Filin na 7, Injiniyoyi na Sarauta	1st Battalion Loyal North Lancashire Regiment
Tushen Harsashi	Bataliya ta 2 Northamptonshire Regiment
Batirin Filin Na 75, Makarantun Sarauta	2nd Battalion King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry
Rundunar Sojan Sama	2nd Regiment na Manchester
1st Royal Munster Fusiliers	New South Wales Lancers
Rimington's Guides
Sojojin Sojojin
1st (Masu gadi) Brigade : Manjo-Janar Henry Edward Coleville
Bataliya ta 3, Grenadier Guards
Battalion 1st, Coldstream Guards Umarni: Alfred E. Codrington
Bataliya ta 2, Coldstream Guards
Bataliya ta 1, Guards na Scots
No 18 Kamfanin Bearer
No 19 Company Army Service Corps

Sojojin Boer

Commandos karkashin jagorancin Jacobus Prinsloo

Jacobsdal Commando

Winburg Commando

Fauresmith Commando

Bloemfontein Commando

Sashen Makamai na Jihar Transvaal . (4x 7.5 cm Krupp Gun da 2x QF 1 pom-pom bindigogi)

Yaƙi

Lord Methuen ya shirya kai hari Belmont-kopje da mamaki kafin wayewar gari, tare da fitowa da sojoji da karfe 3 na safe. Brigade ta 9 ta nufi Dutsen Tebur, yayin da Brigade na masu gadi suka koma Gun Hill. Shirin shi ne Birtaniyya su yi wa Boer hari ta baya a koƙarin rage yawan waɗanda suka jikkata da kuma samun nasara cikin gaggawa. Duk da haka Brigade na Guards sun yi nisa da yawa zuwa dama na gaba, kuma a maimakon haka sun kasance cikin matsayi don kai hari na gaba, maimakon motsi na gefe. Fitowar rana ta zo a ~ 4 AM, kuma a wannan lokacin Birtaniya sun ci gaba da nisan mil huɗu, amma har yanzu suna da nisa sosai daga Boers. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan fitowar rana, Boers sun fara harbi a kan Burtaniya masu ci gaba, tare da Grenadiers na 3 da 1st Scots sun dawo da wuta, yayin da Brigade na 9 ya ci gaba da ci gaba zuwa Dutsen Tebur. Da karfe 4:30 na safe, Sojojin Burtaniya sun buɗe wuta a Belmont, suna harba wa Boers da manyan bindigogi.

Bayan haka

Lord Methuen ya rubuta wa matarsa bayan yaƙin. "Na kyamaci yaki, mutane na taya ni murna, mazan suna kallona kamar uba, amma ina kyamar yaki yadda nake ganin hakan." A wajen tantin nasa yanzu yana jin wani talaka yana nishi yana mutuwa, an harbe shi a kirji, ya yi shiru yanzu, kila Ubangiji ya sake shi. “Kamar yadda da yawa daga cikin masana tarihi na wannan lokacin da kuma tun lokacin da suka yi nuni da cewa, dalilin da ya haifar da irin wannan babban asara shi ne rashin motsi da kuma rashin hankali a fagen tare da kusan babu cikakken bayani kan ma’aunin da ake bukata.

Duba kuma

• Tarihin soja na Afirka ta Kudu

External links

• British Battle.comSamfuri:Use dmy dates

Littattafai

• Miller, Stephen M. (1999). Lord Methuen and the British Army: Failure and Redemption in South Africa. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-7146-4904-X.

• Pakenham, Thomas (1992) [1979]. The Boer War (Paperback ed.). New York: Harper Perennial. ISBN 9780380720019.