Yaƙin Coatit
 | |
| Iri | faɗa |
|---|---|
| Bangare na | Yaƙin Italiya da Habasha na farko |
| Kwanan watan | 13 ga Janairu, 1895 |
| Wuri |
Quatit (en)  |
| Ƙasa | Eritrea |
An gwabza yakin Coatit ne a ranar 13 ga watan Janairun 1895 tsakanin Italiya da Habasha ƙarƙashin jagorancin yarima Ras Mengesha Yohannes na Tigrai a ƙasar Eritrea a yanzu. Yaƙin farko ne na Yaƙin Italo – Habasha, kuma ya kasance gagarumar nasara ga Italiyawa, yayin da suka yi fatali da sojojin mamayewa.[1][2]
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A shekara ta 1894, dangantakar da ke tsakanin Turawan mulkin mallaka na Italiya da Habasha ta yi tsami. Sarkin Habasha Menelik ya yi watsi da yarjejeniyar Wuchale, kuma yana ƙarfafa ikonsa da shirin korar turawan Italiya. Tsofaffin ƙawayen Italiya, shugabannin yakin Tigrai Ras Mengesha Yohannes, Ras Alula da Bahta Hagos sun yi tattaki zuwa Addis Ababa don neman gafara daga Negus game da mu'amalarsu da gwamnan 'yan mulkin mallaka, Janar Oreste Baratieri.[3] Menelik ya gafarta musu kuma ya bai wa Mengesha kambin Tigrai don musanya masa biyayya da taimakonsa wajen korar turawan Italiya. A cikin watan Disamba 1894, Bahta Hagos ya jagoranci tawaye a Akkele Guzay, wanda ya kafa fagen yaki na fili tsakanin Italiya da Habasha.
Baratieri ya tattara dakarunsa domin mayar da martani ga tawayen Hagos, inda nan take ya yi zargin cewa Mengesha na da hannu a ciki. Sojojin Italiya na 'yan mulkin mallaka a Eritriya sun ƙunshi maza 3,883 ne kawai (jami'ai 66; Italiya 105 a cikin mukamai, sauran 'yan ƙasa ne). Akwai bataliya uku (kusan maza 1,100 kowanne) na Askaris, kamfanoni biyar kowanne; baturi ɗaya na bindigogin dutse huɗu; kusan 400 rashin daidaituwa; da kuma 28 Askari lancers. Baratieri ya yi tattaki zuwa babban birnin Tigria na Adowa, amma tare da fallasa layukan sa na samar da kayayyaki, ya yi watsi da shi bayan kwanaki huɗu. Sojojinsa sun ja da baya zuwa sansanin Adi Ugri daga baya kuma suka koma wata dabara ta hanyar mamayewar Mengesha a Coatit. An kiyasta sojojin Ras Mengesha kimanin 12,000 na bindigu da takuba da mashi kimanin 7,000. [4] Ranar 12 ga watan Janairu, 1895, masu sa ido na gaba sun gano sojojin Mengesha sun yi sansani a kusa. Daga nan ne sojojin Baratieri suka mamaye Coatit kuma aka ba da umarnin kai harin wayewar gari.[4]
Manjo Pietro Toselli da bataliya ta 4 suka ɗauki ɓangaren hagu, a tsakiya akwai Major Giuseppe Galliano da bataliya ta 3. Hanyoyi da tsayin daka a gefen hagu sun kasance masu gadi a ƙarƙashin Sanguinetti da Mulazzani. Bayan Galliano, Manjo Hidalgo da Bataliya ta 2 sun kasance a ajiye, kuma bindigogin da ke ƙarƙashin Kyaftin Cicco di Cola na hannun dama tare da Toselli. Kamfani na 5 na bataliya ta Hidalgo sun mamaye wani tudu da ke gefen dama na sojojin domin tsaron ruwan. A cikin sa'a ɗaya da kwata duk mutanen suna cikin matsayi kuma gabaɗaya gabaɗaya ta fara da wayewar farko. Sojojin sun ɗan yi tagumi zuwa dama, suna ta harbin manyan bindigogi. Sojojin Italiya sun matsa gabas, suna jagorantar tafiyarsu da siffa mai duhu na wani tudu mai tsini da tukul a kan kololuwar. Bayan 6 na safe, manyan bataliyoyin biyu sun tura wasu kamfanoninsu, sauran kuma a ƙarƙashin kyakkyawan tsari.
Yaƙi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Yayin da rana ta fito, batirin Kyaftin di Cola ya bude wuta da harsashi daga wani tsayi mai nisan mita 1,900 daga sansanin abokan gaba. Baratieri da ma'aikata, tare da banner na Italiya, sun mamaye babban tudun conical. Ba bisa ka'ida ba a kan reshe, suna neman ƙasa mai tsayi, sun yi nisa sosai zuwa tsakiyar layin, sun bar kusan ba a tsare a hagunsu tsawo da ƙauyen Adu Auei. Janar Baratieri ya bayyana harin na sa na ban mamaki:
Ana iya ganin hayaniya mai girma a sansanin abokan gaba. Duk da abin mamaki kwatsam, ƙungiyoyin mayaƙan da ke ƙaruwa da sauri suna ta tururuwa da ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙwazo, suna tafe ta hanyoyi masu jujjuyawa da ƙananan kwazazzabai, suna tsallaka su da ban mamaki, suna ɓoye adadinsu, suna kare kansu da cikas. Suna ba mu ƙaramin alamar kawai yayin da suke ɓacewa daga lokaci zuwa lokaci, kuma suna tara adadi mafi girma a ƙarƙashin murfin kariya.
Wutar bindigar na tafiya ne a kan dukkan layin runduna ta 3 da ta 4, waɗanda ke ƙarƙashin kulawar jami’ansu duk da harin da aka kai; kamar yadda aka tabbatar ta hanyar volleys akai-akai, da kuma cajin bayoneti na raka'a ɗaya, akan wannan ƙasa mai karye, furrowed, da ƙasa mai kauri.
Yayin da Baratieri ya ga yadda ake gwabza faɗa a gaban sansanin Mengesha, sai ya hangi gajimaren kura na tafe a hagunsa. Ba da dadewa ba 'yan fashin sun aika da rahotannin cewa an kai musu hari sosai.[4]
Bayan harin Italiya na farko, 'yan Tigrayan sun yi ƙoƙari su juya gefen hagu na Italiya, kuma aka umarci bataliyan Galliano da ya juya zuwa arewa. Ya yi asara mai yawa, yayin da mutanensa suka ɓata ƴan ƙabilar Tigrai saboda ja da baya da suka yi ba bisa ƙa'ida ba kuma an kusa kewaye shi. Rikicin Italiya a ƙarƙashin Hildago ya cika gibin, duk da haka, ya kori Tigraiawa baya. Yayin da 'yan Italiya suka sami nasara ta hanyar garzaya da kuma zargin bayonet an kawo makaman bindigu zuwa nisan mita 1100 na gaba. A wannan lokacin a cikin yaƙin, gefen hagu ya zama mai mahimmanci. Mengesha da kansa yana kula da sojojinsa a lokacin da suke kokarin katse Italiyawa daga tsaunuka da garin Coatit. Baratieri ya umurci Toselli da Hildago da su yi ritaya daga nasarar da suka samu a hannun dama kuma su koma cikin gari. Makaman bindigogi, sannan Toselli da Hildago sun yi tafiya cikin sauri a jere. Da kyar hedkwatar Baratieri ta tsallake rijiya da baya, kuma an kashe uku daga cikin ma'aikatansa takwas. Canjin da aka yi a gaba an yi nasarar aiwatar da shi ta wata hanya, Italiyawa sun sami kansu a cikin wani matsayi mai ƙarfi na tsaro.
Bayan haka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Yakin ya zama kamar wasa ne. Ƙananan sojojin Italiya sun yi mamakin mutanen Tigray, amma an fatattaki su. Italiyawan dai sun tsallake rijiya da baya, kuma a yanzu suna cikin wani matsayi mai karfi na tsaro. Bayan kwanaki biyu na binciken hare-haren, 'yan ƙabilar Tigrai sun yi ritaya zuwa yamma zuwa Senafe, tare da Baratieri suna zazzafan bin sa. Da yammacin rana ne sojojin Italiya suka ci karo da 'yan ƙabilar Tigrai a lokacin da suke sansani. An gano tantin Mengesha, aka kawo makaman bindigu. Baratieri ya buɗe wuta, amma hazo da duhun dare suka mamaye fagen fama da sauri. Mengesha da dakarunsa sun iya zamewa, suka bar komai. A ranar 18 ga wata, Baratieri ya koma arewa, ya bar runduna a Senafe da Segheneyti, kuma ya ba da umarnin mamaye manyan wurare na Hadish-Adi da Adi-Keih, yayin da 'yan ƙabilar Tigray suka koma yamma don sake haɗuwa.
An baiwa Major Galliano lambar yabo ta azurfa. An kuma sanya shi Knight na Order of Saints Maurice da Li'azaru, tsarin sarauta na cancantar Gidan Savoy.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ David H. Shinn and Thomas P. Ofcansky (2013). Historical Dictionary of Ethiopia. Rowman & Littlefield Publishing. p. 73.
- ↑ McLachlan, Sean (2011). Armies of the Adowa Campaign 1896. Osprey Puiblishing. p. 10.
- ↑ Henze, Paul (2000). Layers of Time: A History of Ethiopia. Palgrave. ISBN 0-312-22719-1.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Shinn, David Hamilton; Thomas P. Ofcansky (2004). "Battle of Coatit". Historical Dictionary of Ethiopia. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 0-8108-4910-0.