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Yaƙin Col des Beni Aïcha

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Infotaula d'esdevenimentYaƙin Col des Beni Aïcha
Map
 36°44′N 3°35′E / 36.73°N 3.58°E / 36.73; 3.58
Iri faɗa
Bangare na Mokrani Revolt (en) Fassara
Kwanan watan 19 ga Afirilu, –  8 Mayu 1871
Wuri Thénia
Ƙasa Faransa

Yakin Col des Beni Aïcha ko yakin Thenia, wanda ya ɓarke a ranar 19 ga watan Afrilun shekarar1871, yakin Mokrani ne na tawayen Mokrani tsakanin 'yan tawayen Aljeriya, da kuma Faransa, wacce ita ce ta yi mulkin mallaka a yankin tun a shekarar 1830. [1]

Gabatarwa

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Bayan da 'yan tawayen Aljeriya suka karɓe iko da Palestro a ranar 14 ga watan Afrilun shekara ta 1871 bayan yakin Palestro, sun so su mamaye Mitidja da birnin Algiers.

Don cimma wannan, sojojin Cheikh Mokrani sun ketare yankin Réghaïa ta hanyar Lower Kabylia, yayin da aka fara bazara na shekarar 1871 kuma Oued Isser yana cikin ambaliya. [2]

Sojojin Aljeriya sun taso daga Palestro zuwa arewa maso gabas, nesa da sojojin Faransa da bivouac tun daga ranar 14 ga watan Afrilu, 1871, don isa yankin Laazib Zamoum na Faransa bayan kwanaki uku a ranar 17 ga watan Afrilu inda suka kunna wuta a kewayen wannan toho na garin Faransa.

Mazaunan Faransa da sojojin sun fara ne bayan yakin Laazib Zamoum don tserewa daga filin Issers zuwa Algiers, amma 'yan tawayen Aljeriya sun bi su zuwa Bordj Menaïel da aka kona a lokacin yakin Bordj Ménaïel, haka kuma a lokacin yakin Issers. [3]

Mazaunan Col des Beni Aïcha

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Tun daga ranar 17 ga watan Mayu 1837, Kanar Maximilien Joseph Schauenburg da sojojinsa na Faransa a lokacin balaguro na Col des Beni Aïcha sun fahimci cewa iko da yankin Col des Beni Aïcha na da mahimmanci ga zaman lafiyar gabashin Algiers da Kabylia. [4]

Yaƙe-yaƙe da dama sun biyo bayan juna a wannan yanki har zuwa shekara ta 1857 lokacin da aka sasanta Kabylia kuma aka fara aiwatar da mulkin mallaka da na ɗan adam a ƙasar da aka yi wa ɓarna da ta'adi. [5]

Don haka a cikin watan Yuli 1860, ɗan mulkin mallaka Paul Just, ɗan asalin Embrun a Hautes Alpes, bisa ga umarnin Gwamna Janar Patrice de MacMahon, ya isa ga Col des Beni Aïcha tare da rakiyar rundunar soja don samun rangwamen aikin gona.

Bayan wasu mazauna da yawa, Paul Just ya gina gidaje na katako don nemo sabon mazaunin, saboda haka sunan "Ƙauyen Wooden". [6]

Wurin Col des Beni Aïcha da sauri ya zama mai horar da wasan kwaikwayo, kuma an buɗe gidan cin abinci a wurin da ɗakin karatu na katako da kuma wurin dafa abinci. [7]

Ƙauyen 'yan mulkin mallaka don haka ya samo asali ne a hankali daga shekarun 1860 har zuwa 1871 lokacin da Pieds-Noirs suka rayu akan ƙananan kayan ƙasa da kuma dakatar da matafiya a mataki na ƙwazo. [8]

Yaƙi

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A ranar 19 ga watan Afrilun 1837, 'yan tawayen Aljeriya sun taso daga kudancin ƙauyen Col des Beni Aïcha da suka yi wa mulkin mallaka suka fito daga Palestro 'yanto, suka iso daga Issers da tudun Iflissen, suka mamaye gaba ɗayan yankin Menerville na gaba sai Thenia.[9]

Marabout Cheikh Boumerdassi, Cheikh na Zawiyet Sidi Boumerdassi, da Marabout Cheikh Boushaki, Sheik na Zawiyet Sidi Boushaki, wanda ya jagoranci wannan hari na Aljeriya a kan Turawan mulkin mallaka na Faransa a Lower Kabylia.

Daga nan ne ‘yan tawayen Iflissen (Flissas), Issers, Beni Aïcha, Beni-Amran da Khachnas suka je ƙauyen ‘yan mulkin mallaka na Col des Beni-Aïcha, inda mazauna garin suka samu nasarar tserewa cikin lokaci, amma wanda aka wawashe, sannan suka cinna wuta. [10]

Hakika, da tsakar rana a ranar 19 ga watan Afrilun 1871, kusan dukkan Turawan mulkin mallaka na Faransa sun bar ƙauyen Col des Beni Aïcha, kuma nan da nan 'yan tawayen Aljeriya suka mamaye unguwar.

A nasa ɓangaren, Cheikh Mokrani, ya ci gaba da kasancewa cikin 'yantacciyar ƙasar Palestro, ya kuma ba da umarninsa ga sojojin 'yan tawaye, yayin da yake shiryawa da kuma shirya kame Algiers. [11]

Kai hari

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Thénia

Bayan yakin Alma ya koma kan 'yan tawayen Aljeriya a ranar 23 ga watan Afrilun 1871, bayan isowar Kanar Alexandre Fourchault da sojojinsa na Faransa daga Algiers, 'yan Aljeriya sun dage kan Col des Beni Aïcha don kokarin sake komawa kan Alma.

Wannan shi ne yadda Kanar Alexandre Fourchault, bayan ya sake kama Alma, ya yi tafiya da kuzari a kan Col des Beni Aïcha wanda ya sake ɗauka bayan wani rikici mai tsanani a ranar 30 ga watan Afrilu 1871 tare da 'yan tawaye.

Amma mutanen Aljeriya sun ci gaba da kai hari har zuwa ranar 8 ga watan Mayu 1871 suna kai farmaki kan hamlet na Col des Beni Aïcha daga kowane ɓangare, tun da yake a cikin wani kwandon ruwa mai kewaye da tsaunuka zuwa arewa da kudu.

Kanar Fourchault ya killace kansa a cikin ƙauyen da aka kone kuma ya yi awon gaba da shi a lokacin da yake jiran ƙarin taimako daga Janar Orphis Léon Lallemand wanda ya taru a Alma domin ya garzaya kan Col des Beni Aïcha don yantar da shi daga rikicin Cheikh Mokrani. [12]

Ba tare da jinkiri ba, kuma ba tare da jiran ƙarfafawa ba, Janar Lallemand ya bar Alma da kansa ƙasa, kuma washegari Talata 9 ga watan Mayu 1871, da ƙarfe 3 na rana, ruƙunin sojansa ya yaɗa zango a Col des Beni Aïcha, wanda ke ba da damar shiga Great Kabylia. [13]

Hukunta ƙauyuka

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Dutsen Suma.

A ranar 7 ga watan Mayu 1871, don haka aka umarci Colonel Fourchault da ya je ya ƙone ƙauyukan Ammal da ke gefen hagu na Oued Isser, waɗanda mazaunansu suka yi watsi da su, kuma dole ne ya yi aiki da ginshiƙi mai haske na sojojin ƙasa ba jakunkuna da sojan doki ba. Karfe 11 na safe ya ladabtar da ƙauyukan ‘yan tawaye da kokarin kamo Shehunan nan guda biyu, ya dawo sansanin Alma da karfe 7 na yamma, ya kuma aika da rahoto zuwa ga Janar Lallemand inda ya ce komai ya ‘gama da kyau.

Ƙauyuka biyu (decheras) da Lallemand ya so ya yi musu, an kona su ba tare da harbin bindiga ba, in ban da wasu ‘yan Aljeriya guda biyu da aka tafi da su da makamai kuma aka kashe su nan take. Masu fafutuka sun kona wasu 'yan gourbi, kuma Turcos da Zouaves sun ɗauki nauyin ganimar da aka tattara.[14]

A ranar 8 ga watan Mayu, 1871, da ƙarfe 5 na safe, shafi na Janar Lallemand ya tashi zuwa hanyar Beni-Aïcha, yana biye da tsaunuka waɗanda ke yin layin raba tsakanin kwarin Isser da na Corso. Wannan hanya tana da fa'idar kaiwa ga hanyar wucewa ta layin tudu, don guje wa matsalolin da za a shawo kan su idan dole ne mu tilasta hanyar kai tsaye. An yi babban tasha a maɓuɓɓugan Azela da Tilfaouïn.

Khachna na yankin farar hula sun miƙa wuya kuma sun yi garkuwa da su; sun koma garuruwansu, ba su damu ba. Jim kaɗan kafin isa kan hanyar Beni Aïcha, Janar Lallemand ya yi shakku kan ko ƙauyukan Soumâa, Gueddara, Meraldene, Tabrahimt da Azela sun yi garkuwa da su.

Kanar Fourchault, wanda ya yi tattaki a cikin ’yan gadi, ya tambayi jami’in kula da harkokin ƙasar da ya raka shi bayani kan wannan batu; Na karshen ya amsa da cewa bai da tabbas a kan haka, amma Janar Lallemand baya nisa a baya, kuma zai yi sauki a tuntuɓe shi. Mutanen waɗannan kauyukan sun fito daga gidajensu ba tare da makami ba, suka zo suka hadu da ginshikin domin yin biyayya.

Kanar Fourchault, bisa la’akari da cewa waɗannan mutanen kauyen na cikin ‘yan tawayen da suka wawashe gidajen mashigin Beni-Aïcha, ya ba da umarnin kashe su da peloton maharba a kan dawakai waɗanda suka yi tattaki a ƙauyen, sannan wasu gungun sojoji suka bi su.

Mafarautan sun kewaye mutanen Soumâa, Gueddara, Meraldene, Tabrahimt da Azela waɗanda suka ci gaba suka fara harbe-harbe a kusa da su. Wannan liyafar macabre da suka yi nisa ta ɗauke su, har ba su yi tunanin guduwa ba, su goma sha biyar suka faɗo matattu ɗaya bayan ɗaya. Fourchault ya zarce ƙauyen da aka yi awon gaba da shi inda sojojinsa suka harbe matan da ke gudu a cikin kwazazzabai tare da mutanen da ba a kai musu hari ba.

Daya daga cikin mutanen ƙauyen da ya faɗa ƙarƙashin harsashin ya samu rauni ne kawai, sai ya tsaya babu motsi yana mai cewa ya mutu, kuma a lokacin da masu harbin suka je ɗauke masa wuta, sai ya ɗauki hanyarsa a cikin kwarin, ya yi nasarar tserewa, amma an kashe wasu maza biyar daga ƙauyukan, sannan kuma an kashe wata mata yayin da ta gudu zuwa cikin kwarin.

Bayan wannan farmakin na azabtarwa, ginshiƙin Fourchault ya kafa bivouac a ƙauyen Col des Beni-Aïcha, da ƙarfe 4 na yamma bayan ya yi tafiya mai nisan kilomita 20, kuma ya sami ruwa a wurin maɓuɓɓugar ƙauyen da kuma wani maɓuɓɓugar ruwa da ke saman sansanin. An ba da umarnin tattara ayarin motocin da kayan da aka bari a Alma domin su kwana a ranar 9 ga watan Mayu suna hutawa a mashigar Beni Aïcha kafin a ci gaba da farautar 'yan tawayen.[15]

Kama Cheikhs

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Kafin isa Col des Beni Aïcha, Janar Lallemand ya ba da umarni a ranar 8 ga Afrilu 1871 don kama Cheikh Boumerdassi da Cheikh Mohamed Boushaki a cikin matsugunansu da wuraren ɓuya a tsaunukan Khachna da Ammal.[16][17]

A ƙarshe Cheikh Boumerdassi, da ɗan uwansa Abdelkader Boumerdassi, da kuma Cheikh Mohamed Boushaki an fitar da su aka kama su kafin a ɗaure su.[18]

An fitar da Cheikh Mohamed Boumerdassi zuwa New Caledonia a shekara ta 1874, yana da shekaru 56 a lokacin kuma sunansa Mohamed ben Hamou ben Ali Boumerdassi, mai lamba: 130133.[19]

Bayan da aka dakile wannan tada ƙayar bayan Sheikh Mokrani, an ba da sanarwar kwacewa da kuma zagon ƙasa na 'yan tawayen Aljeriya.[20]

Idan an yanke wa masu tayar da ƙayar baya hukuncin kisa ko kuma yin aiki mai tsanani na rayuwa, wasu kawai an fitar da su zuwa New Caledonia bayan an kama su a kurkuku a Fort Quélern, sannan jirgin La Loire ya kai shi a kan jirgin 34 na siyasa na Aljeriya ta hanyar jirgin na tara wanda ya bar tashar jiragen ruwa na Brest a ranar 5 ga watan Oktoba 1874 da Noumé a tashar jiragen ruwa na shekarar 1874.[21]

Duba kuma

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WaHanyoyin haɗi na waje

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Littattafai

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Manazarta

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  1. ↑ Rinn, Louis (1891). "Histoire de l'insurrection de 1871 en Algérie".
  2. ↑ "Maximilien Joseph de Schauenburg | Charge du 5e régiment de chasseurs à cheval contre des Cosaques, vers 1805-1807 | Images d'Art" (in Faransanci). Art.rmngp.fr. Archived from the original on 2019-05-01. Retrieved 2022-09-16.
  3. ↑ "Historique Ménerville - Ville — 1830-1962 ENCYCLOPEDIE de L'AFN" (in Faransanci). Encyclopedie-afn.org. Retrieved 2022-09-16.
  4. ↑ "Collection de documents concernant l'Algérie. Dossier 1". culture.gouv.fr (in Faransanci). Retrieved 16 April 2023.
  5. ↑ "MENERVILLE - .1871: C'est le soulèvement qui embrasa la Kabylie à la suite des difficultés rencontrées - [PDF Document]". fdocuments.fr. Archived from the original on 2023-01-25. Retrieved 2025-06-08.
  6. ↑ "Menerville" (PDF). jeanyvesthorrignac.fr (in Faransanci). Retrieved 16 April 2023.
  7. ↑ "Menerville nos souvenirs, col des Beni aïcha, Thenia, histoire". menerville.free.fr.
  8. ↑ "Algérie - Ménerville — Geneawiki" (in Faransanci). Fr.geneawiki.com. Retrieved 2022-09-16.
  9. ↑ Lettres et carnets de route du commandant Briquelot de 1871 à 1896. ISBN 9782748113990.
  10. ↑ "Revue des deux mondes". 1873.
  11. ↑ Rinn, Louis (1891). "Histoire de l'insurrection de 1871 en Algérie".
  12. ↑ Faucon, Narcisse (1890). "Le livre d'or de l'Algérie: Histoire politique, militaire, administrative; événements et faits principaux; biographie des hommes ayant marqué dans l'armée, les sciences, les lettres, etc., de 1830 à 1889".
  13. ↑ "Les Arabes Martyrs. Étude sur l'insurrection de 1871 en Algérie". 1873.
  14. ↑ L'Insurrection de la Grande Kabylie en 1871 / Par le colonel Robin. 1901.
  15. ↑ L'Insurrection de la Grande Kabylie en 1871 / Par le colonel Robin. 1901.
  16. ↑ Rinn, Louis (1891). "Histoire de l'insurrection de 1871 en Algérie".
  17. ↑ L'Insurrection de la Grande Kabylie en 1871 / Par le colonel Robin. 1901.
  18. ↑ Histoire littéraire de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (1853-2005). 26 March 2014. ISBN 9782811109653.
  19. ↑ Sarda, Gérard (2010). Le procès Konhu en Nouvelle-Calédonie : Une nouvelle affaire Outreau ?. ISBN 9782296113879.
  20. ↑ Lallaoui, Mehdi (1994). Kabyles du Pacifique. ISBN 9782910780005.
  21. ↑ Mailhé, Germaine (1994). Déportations en Nouvelle-Calédonie des communards et des révoltés de la Grande Kabylie (1872 à 1876). ISBN 9782738427960.
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