Yaƙin Debra Ailà

Yaƙin Debra Ailà

Iri	faɗa
Kwanan watan	9 Oktoba 1895

Yakin Debra Ailà (Debre Ailat) ya faru ne a lokacin Yaƙin Italo na Farko na Habasha a ranar 9 ga watan Oktoba, 1895, inda a ƙarƙashin haɗin gwiwar sojojin turawan mulkin mallaka na Italiya da sojojin Askari suka fatattaki dakarun da ke baya na sojojin Tigray, waɗanda suka janye daga Mek'ele babban birnin Tigray.

Matsayi na farawa

Ras Mengesha Yohannes, gwamnan Habasha na Tigray, ya ƙirƙira wani shiri don hana yiwuwar mamaye Italiya ta hanyar kai hari a kan Iritiriya ta Italiya ya gaza a yakin Coatit da Senafe a cikin watan Janairu 1895. A wani hari na mayar da martani, sojojin Italiya sun mamaye Adua, Adigrat da Mek'ele babban birnin ƙasar Tigray kafin su katse ci gaban da suke yi a farkon lokacin damina a watan Afrilun 1895 kuma suka kafa kansu a Mek'ele. A halin da ake ciki, Ras Mengesha ya kafa wata sabuwar runduna ta mazaje 12,000 tare da Ras Alula Engida kuma da farko sun yi sansani a tazarar kilomita kaɗan daga kudancin birnin a Antalò (Hentalo). A ƙarshen damina a watan Satumba na 1895, Italiyawa sun sami sababbin ƙarfafawa kuma sun sake fara ci gaba. Burinsu ba balaguron ladabtarwa ba ne, amma cikkaken mamaya da miƙa wuya ga Tigray.

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  Ras Mengesha (hagu) a kan tafiya baya (L'Illustrazione Italiana)
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  Italiya ta ci gaba a Mek'ele ( L'Illustrazione Italiana)
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  Oreste Baratieri a kan gaba akan Mek'ele (Il Secolo Illustrato)

Yakin

Daga nan sai Ras Mengesha ya yi gaggawar komawa kudu, wanda a kalla ya ba shi damar jan hankalin Italiyawa suna kara fatattakar shi daga sansanonin samar da kayayyaki zuwa cikin yankunan abokan gaba. Wannan yakamata ya zama da wahala ga Italiyawa su kare layukan samar da kayayyaki daga haɓaka ayyukan bangaranci na Tigrai da Habasha. Kuma (kamar yadda yake a Senafe), Ras Mengesha dole ne ya bar sansaninsa zuwa Italiya, waɗanda suka ƙone ta. Karamin mai gadi ne kawai ya kamata ya rufe komar da Ras Mengesha ya yi.

A ranar 9 ga watan Oktoba, bataliyoyin sojojin 'yan mulkin mallaka na Italiya a ƙarƙashin Janar Giuseppe Arimondi da kuma Manjo Giovanni Ameglio, jimlar kamfanoni shida, sun gamu da masu gadin Mengesha a Debra Ailà (kusa da Antalò). Tare da taimakon manyan bindigoginsu, 'yan Italiya sun tilasta yin nasara ta hanyar wucewa. Asarar da aka samu ya kasance kaɗan daga ɓangarorin biyu kuma - sabanin faɗace-faɗacen da suka gabata - ma sun yi daidai.

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  Bayanin yaƙi a Il Secolo Illustrato
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  Jaruntakar zamani a cikin mujallar Italiyanci
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  Bayanin yaƙi a Il Valore Italiano

Bayan haka

Yaƙin Debra Ailà bai kawo wa mahara Italiya wani fa'idar soja ba. Ga Ras Mengesha cin nasara a Debra Ailà na nufin wani koma baya, amma Italiyawa ba su yi nasarar lalata ko aƙalla raunana sojojin Tigrayan ba. Ya kasance nasara ta ƙarshe da Italiyawa suka samu a wannan yaƙin na mulkin mallaka, wanda tsarinsa ya canza a asali bayan shiga tsakani na Sarkin Habasha Menelik na biyu.

Ko da yake hanyar ta fito fili ga wani Italiya na ci gaba zuwa kudu bayan yaƙin, kuma sojojin Italiya na gaba sun mamaye tsaunin Amba Alagi mai mahimmanci 'yan kwanaki kaɗan bayan haka, sai dakarun da ke gadin Ras Mengeshas suka katse hanyoyin sadarwar su akai-akai. Ba da daɗewa ba aka yanke Italiyawa kuma suka makale a kan dutsen. Wannan ya kawo ci gaban Italiya zuwa Habasha ya tsaya cik. Shisshigin da Sarkin Habasha ya yi ya kai ga ɗaukar matakin bai ɗaya na ɗaukacin al'ummar ƙasar kan maharan. Yayin da babban kwamandan Italiya Oreste Baratieri A tsakiyar watan Oktoban 1895 Tigra mai mulkin mallaka ta yi wa Mek'ele mubaya'a tare da naɗa mataimakinsa Arimondi a matsayin sabon gwamnan soja na Tigray, Menelik ya tara wata babbar runduna a kudancin Amba Alagi, a Dese.

Italiyawa da Askari waɗanda suka ratsa zuwa Amba Alagi a Debra Ailà suma sun haɗa da sashen Major Pietro Toselli. Sojojin Menelik da na Ras Mengesha suka kai masa hari suka ci shi a kan Amba Alagi bayan watanni biyu da cin nasara a Debra Ailà, Toselli ya faɗi a yaki. Ainihin "wanda ya ci nasara" Debra Ailà, Janar Arimondi, ya tsira 'yan watanni kawai. Bayan da aka ci Italiya a Amba Alagi a watan Disamba 1895 aka kuma kore su daga Mek'ele a watan Janairun 1896, daga karshe an kashe Arimondi a wani gagarumin yakin Adua a farkon watan Maris 1896.