Yaƙin Dogali
 | |
| Iri | faɗa |
|---|---|
| Bangare na | Yaƙin Italiya da Habasha na 1887-1889 |
| Kwanan watan | 26 ga Janairu, 1887 |
| Wuri |
Dogali (en)  |
| Participant (en) | |
An yi yakin Dogali a ranar 26 ga watan Janairun 1887 tsakanin Italiya da Habasha a Dogali kusa da Massawa,[1] a ƙasar Eritrea ta yau.[2]
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Italiyawa, bayan haɗewarsu a shekara ta 1861, sun so kafa daular mulkin mallaka don tabbatar da girman matsayinsu. Mamayewar da suka yi a gaɓar tekun Eritiriya ya kawo rigima kai tsaye da muradun Italiya da na Habasha (Abysinia).
Da turawan Italiya suka yi la’akari da cewa suna da karfin da za su iya shiga ƙasar Abisiniya, sai suka kwace kauyukan Ua-à da Zula tare da garin Sahati, a ƙasar Eritriya ta zamani, kuma suka kafa wani ɗan ƙaramin shakku a kan tudu da ke ba da umarnin samar da ruwa ga ayari. Ras Alula Engida, gwamna a ƙarƙashin Emperor Yohannes IV, a lokacin ya bar Asmara, hedkwatarsa, zuwa Basen ƙasa, domin ya hukunta Dervishes saboda farmakin lardin Dembala. Da ya ji labarin ci gaban Italiya, sai ya koma Asmara ya sanar da jami'an Italiya cewa suna karya yarjejeniyar da aka kulla tsakanin Abyssinia, Masar, da Biritaniya, kuma duk wani yunkuri na dakaru zuwa Sahati - katangar da kawai za a iya kaiwa ga Abyssiniya - za a ɗauki mataki na gaba kuma za a bi da su daidai. Italiyawa sun mayar da martani ta hanyar ƙarfafa shakku da ƙarfafa sansaninsu. A ranar 25 ga watan Janairu, Italiya 167 da sojoji 1,000 ne suka riƙe katangar a Sahati.[3] Da kansa Ras Alula ya kai wa Sahati hari. An kashe ɗaruruwan mutanensa ta hanyar harbin bindiga da harbin bindiga, yayin da Italiyawa huɗu kawai suka jikkata, lamarin da ya tilasta wa Ras Alula janye sojojinsa. Italiyawan da aka yiwa ƙawanya, duk da haka, suna buƙatar ƙarin harsasai kuma sun nemi kayayyaki.
A ranar 26 ga watan Janairu, an aika da bataliyar mutane kusan 550 (mafi yawa Italiyawan, ciki har da jami'ai 22, da ƴan Eritriya Askari) ƙarƙashin Kanar Tommaso De Cristoforis, don ƙarfafa sojojin Italiya a Sahati. Ras ɗin ya samu labarin tafiyarsu daga ’yan leken asiri, kuma kafin su isa gagarabadau da suka kafa, ya kai musu hari a Dogali, ya ci su gaba ɗaya. Duk da cewa ’yan Italiya suna da manyan bindigogi na zamani, da bindigogi, da manyan bindigogi, amma sun fi 27 zuwa 1; sun yi fafatawa da Habashawa, sun shafe sa'o'i da dama, amma a ƙarshe sun gama da duk wasu makamansu. Kusan dukkansu sun mutu, in ban da mutane tamanin da suka samu raunuka da suka samu nasarar tserewa, waɗanda Habashawa ba su lura da su ba.
Duk da cewa Dogali ƙaramar nasara ce ga Habashawa, Haggai Erlich ya lura cewa wannan lamarin ya karfafa wa Italiyawan gwiwa wajen kulla makirci tare da abokin hamayyar Yohanne Menelik, mai mulkin Shewa, don karfafa masa tawaye ga Sarki.
Italiyawa sun ji cewa yakin Dogali cin mutunci ne da za a rama, sai suka fara kai wa Habasha hari domin ɗaukar fansa.[4] Sun sami damar mamaye ƙasar Eritrea a shekara ta 1887-89, duk da cewa sun gaza wajen mamaye sauran yankunan Habasha a yakin farko na Italo da Habasha. A cikin shekarar 1936, Italiyawa na Fascist ya kaddamar da mamayewa na biyu wanda ya haifar da nasarar Italiya da mamaye Habasha, har sai da aka 'yantar da ita a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu.
Bikin Habasha na zamani
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An yi wannan yakin ne a zamanin mulkin Dergi, kuma Mengistu Haile Mariam ya yi bikin cika shekaru 100 da kulawa, ciki har da kafa wani abin tarihi da aka yi sama da jajayen tauraro a fagen daga. Bayan 'yancin kai na Eritriya, an cire abin tunawa. Paul B. Henze a fannin diflomasiyya ya lura a cikin wani rubutu na ƙasa, "Lokacin da na ketare fagen fama a shekarar 1996, ban iya gano wani alamar abin tunawa ba."[5]
Erlich ya ba da ƙarin bayani: lokacin da sojojin Eritrea suka sami iko a yankin a shekarar 1989, "fitaccen kwamandan 'yantar da jama'ar Eritrea, kuma tsohon ministan harkokin waje, Petros Solomon da kansa ya yi farin ciki da fashewa da abin tunawa na Mengistu na Ras Alula."
Ana iya danganta hakan da cewa yayin da Alula ya kasance ma’aikacin da Yohannes IV ya naɗa a wani yanki na tsaunukan Eritriya, ya tabka zalunci da dama a kan al’ummar yankin Biher-Tigrinya, inda ya shuka fitina. Masu lura da al'amura da suka haɗa da Erlich da sauransu, na danganta hakan da ra'ayin Tigrinya na Eritiriya dangane da dangantakarsu da Habasha baki ɗaya. [6]
Yabo
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Babban filin da ke birnin Rome da ke gaban tashar jirgin ƙasa ta Termini ana kiransa Piazza dei Cinquecento, domin girmama sojojin Italiya 500 da aka kashe a yakin Dogali. Kusa da dandalin kuma akwai abin tunawa da sojojin.
Italian cruiser Dogali ne aka sanya wa wannan alkawari.
Gwamnatin ƙasar Habasha ta Mengistu Haile Mariam ta gina wani abin tarihi a Dogali domin bikin cika shekaru 100 da kafuwa a watan Janairun 1987. An tsara wannan abin tunawa don jaddada mulkin tarihi na Habasha a Eritrea a cikin yakin 'yancin kai na Eritriya. Jajayen tauraro, alamar gurguzu na jamhuriyar demokraɗiyya ta Habasha. Eritrea ta sami 'yancin kai a shekarar 1991 kuma a shekarar 1996 abin tunawa ya ɓace.[7]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Clodfelter, Micheal (24 April 2017). Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492–2015, 4th ed. ISBN 9781476625850.
- ↑ Affinati, Riccardo (10 December 2017). Le battaglie più crudeli della storia. ISBN 9788893273008.
- ↑ McLachlan, Sean (2011). Armies of the Adowa Campaign 1896: The Italian Disaster in Ethiopia. Osprey Publishing. p. 4.
- ↑ Haggai Erlich, 1996 Ras Alula and the Scramble for Africa, Lawrenceville: Red Sea press.
- ↑ Henze, Layers of Layers of Time: A History of Ethiopia (New York: Palgrave, 2000), p. 157 n.20.
- ↑ Prunier, Gérard (1 November 1998). "The Ethio-Eritrean Conflict: An Essay in Interpretation". UNHCR Refworld. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. Archived from the original on 25 June 2007. Retrieved 1 November 2007.
- ↑ Henze, Paul B. (2000). Layers of Time: A History of Ethiopia. New York: Palgrave. p. 157 n. 20.