Yaƙin Duniya na I a Albania

A yakin duniya na farko, Albania ta kasance ƙasa mai zaman kanta, bayan ta sami 'yancin kai daga Daular Ottoman a ranar 28 ga Nuwamba 1912, a lokacin Yaƙin Balkan na farko . Babban iko ya amince da shi a matsayin Principality of Albania, bayan Daular Ottoman ta yi watsi da dukkan hakkokinta a watan Mayu na shekara ta 1913. Da yake sabuwar ƙasa ce, da sauri ta ɓace kuma 'yan watanni bayan karɓar iko, an tilasta wa mai mulkin Jamus, Yarima Wilhelm, ya gudu. Bayan yakin duniya na ya ɓarke, rikici ya mamaye ƙasar yayin da kabilun da yankuna suka yi tawaye da mulkin tsakiya. Don kare 'yan tsirarun Girka, an kafa ikon Girka a cikin gundumomin kudancin maye gurbin raka'a na Arewacin Epirote tun daga watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1914. A mayar da martani ga wannan, Italiya, ko da yake a hukumance tsaka-tsaki a lokacin, ta kuma aika da sojoji zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa ta Vlorë, yayin da Serbia da Montenegro suka mallaki yankunan arewa. A shekara ta 1915 sojojin Jamus, Austro-Hungary, da Bulgarian sun mamaye Serbia; sojojin Serbia sun janye a fadin tsaunuka na arewacin Albania, zuwa Adriatic. Sojojin Italiya sun kori Helenawa daga kudancin Albania kuma sun kawo kusan dukkanin yankin Albania a ƙarƙashin ikonsu. Sojojin Austriya sun mamaye a watan Yunin 1916; Sojojin Austro-Hungary sun kasance a Albania har zuwa karshen yakin lokacin da dakarun Allied da suka tsallake kuma suka tura su a 1918.

Tarihi

Albania ƙasa ce da ta ayyana 'yancin kanta kawai shekaru biyu kafin Yaƙin Duniya na I. Bayan Yaƙe-yaƙe na Balkan, Serbia, Montenegro da Girka duk sun mamaye kuma sun yi ikirarin sassa na Albania. An yanke shawarar cewa Wilhelm na Wied, yarima na Jamus, zai zama shugabanci sabon Masarautar Albania. An kafa mulkin a karkashin Wilhelm a ranar 21 ga Fabrairu 1914 kuma Yarima Wilhelm ya isa Albania a babban birninsa na wucin gadi na Durrës a ranar 7 ga Maris 1914 tare da dangin sarauta. Tsaron Albania zai kasance ta hanyar 'yan sanda da jami'an Dutch suka umarce su. A cikin Albania an kira shi Sarki Wilhelm; a waje da Albania, Yarima Wilhelm .

Yankin kudancin kasar, Arewacin Epirus, wanda ke da yawan mutanen Girka, ya kasance wani ɓangare na Albania kuma lokacin da sojojin Girka suka tafi, ya tayar da William. A karkashin matsin lamba daga manyan masu iko Helenawa sun goyi bayan bukatun 'yancin kai kuma an gudanar da shawarwari a tsibirin Corfu, inda a ranar 17 ga Mayu 1914 wakilan Albania da Epirote suka sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar da aka sani da Yarjejeniyar Corfu. Dangane da sharuddansa, Arewacin Epirus zai sami cikakkiyar rayuwa mai cin gashin kanta (a matsayin mai rarrabewa) a ƙarƙashin ikon mallakar Albania na Yarima William . [1] Wakilan manyan iko a Athens ne suka tabbatar da yarjejeniyar yarjejeniyar a ranar 18 ga Yuni kuma gwamnatin Albania a ranar 23 ga Yuni.[2]

Tawayen da aka yi wa Yarima William

A ranar 7 ga watan Maris, wata daya bayan karbar kursiyin, Sarki William ya isa babban birninsa na wucin gadi na Durrës kuma ya fara shirya gwamnatinsa, ya nada Turhan Pasha Përmeti don kafa majalisar ministocin Albania ta farko. Wannan majalisa ta farko ta mamaye mambobin manyan mutane (Essad Pasha Toptani, tsaro da harkokin waje, George Adamidi bey Frachery, kudi, da Aziz pacha Vrioni, noma).

Takaitaccen mulkinsa ya zama mai rikici. Nan da nan bayan isowarsa tashin hankali na Musulmi ya ɓarke a tsakiyar Albania, wanda ya rinjayi farfagandar Ottoman wanda ya nuna sabon mulkin a matsayin kayan aiki na Ikon Kirista da manyan masu mallakar ƙasa. A farkon watan Mayu na shekara ta 1914, rashin jin daɗi ya zama babban tawaye karkashin jagorancin Haxhi Qamili da sauran malaman musulmi. Manufar 'yan tawaye ita ce ta dawo da mulkin Ottoman a kan Albania, kuma sun ki amincewa da kishin kasa na Albania da kuma ra'ayin addini.

Akwai labarai daban-daban game da ainihin yanayin sa hannun Toptani a cikin tashin hankali. Wasu kafofin sun nuna cewa yana da babban matsayi a cikin tashin hankali tun daga farko, duk da haka wasu sun bayyana 'yan tawaye a bayyane a matsayin masu adawa da Toptani. A kowane hali, kuma ba tare da la'akari da ko ya ji daɗin goyon baya mai yawa tsakanin 'yan tawaye ba, Toptani yana so ya yi amfani da rikici don fitar da Yarima Wilhelm kuma ya kwace iko ga kansa, kuma Italiya ta goyi bayansa, wanda ya kalli Wilhelm a matsayin mai goyon bayan Austriya. Jami'an Dutch karkashin jagorancin Lodewijk Thomson wadanda aka ajiye a Albania a matsayin wani ɓangare na ICC sun yanke shawarar kama Toptani, duk da cewa Wilhelm ya kasance ba ya yanke shawara game da batun. A ranar 19 ga Mayu, sojojin gwamnati sun mamaye gidan Toptani kuma ya mika wuya; washegari aka tura shi gudun hijira zuwa Italiya.