Yaƙin Elandslaagte

Yaƙin Elandslaagte

28°24′S 30°00′E
Iri	faɗa
Bangare na	Second Boer War (en)
Kwanan watan	21 Oktoba 1899
Wuri	Elandslaagte (en)
Ƙasa	Afirka ta kudu
Participant (en)	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

Yakin Elandslaagte (21 ga Oktoba 1899) ya faru ne a lokacin Yaƙin Boer na Biyu, kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin ƴan ƙwararrun nasarorin da Birtaniyya suka samu a lokacin rikicin. A lokacin, Boers sun mamaye Natal, kuma sun mamaye tashar jirgin ƙasa a Elandslaagte. Don korar Boers daga matsayinsu, Sojojin Birtaniyya sun jagoranci kai hari ta hanyoyi biyu a cikin tsaunukan da Boers suka mamaye, wanda ya tilasta musu ja da baya. Duk da haka, sojojin Birtaniya sun ja da baya daga baya saboda tsoron wani karfi na Boer, suna watsar da damar su.

Gabatarwa

Janar Kock, da ma'aikatansa, da kuma jami'an rundunar Jamus a jajibirin yakin

Lokacin da Boers suka mamaye Natal, dakaru ƙarƙashin Janar Johannes Kock sun mamaye tashar jirgin ƙasa a Elandslaagte a ranar 19 ga watan Oktoba 1899, don haka ya yanke hanyoyin sadarwa tsakanin manyan sojojin Burtaniya a Ladysmith da wani ma'aikaci a Dundee. Sojojin De Kock sun ƙunshi galibin mazaje na Commando na Johannesburg tare da ƙungiyoyin Jamus, Faransa, Dutch, Amurkawa, da kuma Irish Boer masu aikin sa kai na ƙasashen waje.

Sanin cewa an yanke telegraph, Laftanar Janar Sir George White ya aika da kwamandan sojan doki, Manjo Janar John French don sake kwace tashar. Lokacin da suka zo jim kaɗan bayan wayewar gari a ranar 21 ga watan Oktoba, French ya sami Boers a cikin ƙarfi, tare da bindigogi biyu. Ya aika wa Ladysmith ta wayar tarho don ƙarfafawa, wanda jim kaɗan ya isa ta jirgin ƙasa.

Yakin

Cajin Lancers na 5 a Elandslaagte, daga zane na Richard Caton Woodville

Alamar tunawa da ke tunawa da rawar Natal Field Artillery a yakin

Yayin da batura uku na bindigogin filin Birtaniyya suka yi bama-bamai a matsayin Boer, da Bataliya ta 1, Rundunar Devonshire ta ci gaba gaba da gaba a cikin tsari, babban harin da Kanar Ian Hamilton ya umarta (Bataliya ta farko, Rundunar Manchester, Battalion ta 2, Gordon Highlanders da Dimbin Horse na Imperial) sun koma kusa da Boers. Sararin sama ya ci gaba da yin duhu da gajimare, kuma yayin da turawan Ingila suka kai farmaki, guguwar ta fashe. A cikin rashin kyan gani da kuma ruwan sama, sojojin Biritaniya sun fuskanci shingen shinge na gonakin waya, inda aka ɗaure wasu mazaje da harbe-harbe. Duk da haka, sun yanke wayar ko karya ta, kuma sun mamaye babban ɓangaren Boer. Sir George White ya tashi daga Ladysmith don lura da aikin, amma ya bar French don kada ya katse kan cin gashin kansa.

Wasu ƙananan jam'iyyun Boers sun riga sun nuna fararen tutoci lokacin da Janar Kock ya jagoranci kai hari, sanye da babbar hularsa da kuma Lahadi mafi kyau. Ya kori sojojin Biritaniya cikin ruɗani, amma sun taru, wanda Hamilton ya yi wahayi zuwa gare shi (kuma an ruwaito shi, mai bugler na Manchesters da Pipe Major na Gordons) kuma an sake tuhumar su. An kashe Kock da abokansa ko kuma an yi musu mummunan rauni.

Yayin da sauran Boers suka hau dokinsu kuma suka yi ƙoƙari su ja da baya, ƙungiyoyi biyu na sojan doki na Birtaniya (daga 5th Lancers da 5th Dragoon Guards) sun shiga cikinsu tare da lances da sabers, suna yanke da yawa. Wannan shi ne ɗaya daga cikin 'yan lokuta a lokacin yakin Boer wanda wani sojan doki na Birtaniya ya yi hulɗa. Bindigogin filin Boer guda biyu sun faɗa hannun Birtaniya. An gano cewa asalinsu 'yan Burtaniya ne kuma Boers sun kama su bayan harin Jameson.

Bayan haka

Filin yaƙi a Elandslaagte

Hanyar yanzu ta fito fili ga rundunar Birtaniyya a Dundee ta koma kan babbar rundunar Burtaniya, amma Sir George White ya ji tsoron cewa Boers 10,000 daga Orange Free State na gab da kai hari Ladysmith, kuma ya umarci rundunar da ke Elandslaagte ta koma can. Turawan Ingila sun gaji kuma an kashe hafsoshi da yawa, kuma ja da baya ya zama tarzoma. An sake ware ma'aikatan a Dundee, kuma an tilasta musu yin wata hanya mai ban sha'awa kafin su kai ga tsira. Sojojin Boer sun sake mamaye Elandslaagte kwanaki biyu bayan haka.

Turawan mulkin mallaka ne suka kama Janar Kock kuma ya mutu sakamakon raunukan da ya samu jim kaɗan bayan yakin. Har ila yau, an kama Adolf Schiel, wani jami'in Jamus wanda ya zauna a Afirka ta Kudu tun a shekarar 1878. Schiel, wanda ke riƙe da kwamandan Laftanar Kanar, ya jagoranci kwamandojin Jamus a yakin. Schiel ya koma Jamus bayan yakin, amma ya mutu daga raunukan da ya samu a Elandslaagte a shekarar 1903.

Daga cikin waɗanda suka mutu a Burtaniya har da Kanar John James Scott-Chisholme, kwamanda a Dokin Haske na Imperial. An kashe shi ne yayin da yake jagorantar gaba da kuma ƙarfafa mutanensa ta hanyar daga sarƙa mai launi.

Yaƙin ya kuma yi fice saboda kasancewarsa na farko kuma na ƙarshe na masu aikin sa kai Hollanderkorps. Hollanderkorps ruƙuni ne na ca. Masu aikin sa kai na Dutch 150 waɗanda aka kafa wata guda da ya gabata. A lokacin yakin Hollanderkorps sun sami asarar rayuka 9, ciki har da Herman Coster, tare da jami'in tsaro Cars Geerts de Jonge da sojoji bakwai: PJ van den Broek, H. van Cittert, JA Lepeltak Kieft, Jan Moora, J.Th. Rummeling, M. Schaink, da FW Wagner. An kuma kama wasu 35 daga cikin mutanen Holland a fursuna a hannun Birtaniya. Daga cikin fursunonin akwai Willem Frederik Mondriaan (ɗan'uwan ɗan Holand Piet Mondrian) wanda ya ji rauni a yaƙin. Ko da yake ya iya yin rarrafe daga fagen fama ba da jimawa ba Turawan Ingila suka kama shi a matsayin fursuna. Daga baya an aika shi zuwa Saint Helena a matsayin fursuna na yaƙi, ya koma Afirka ta Kudu a shekarar 1903. Cornelis Vincent 'Cor' van Gogh, ɗan'uwan masanin zane na Holland Vincent van Gogh, shi ma ya yi yaƙi a cikin yaƙin inda ya ji rauni kuma aka kama shi a matsayin fursuna. Ya rasu ba da jimawa ba. Janar-janar ɗin Boer ba su ji daɗin aikin Hollanderkorps ba, kuma an wargaza shi bayan yakin, ko da yake masu sa kai na Holland dari da dama sun ci gaba da fafatawa a cikin rundunonin Boer. An rubuta sunayen mutanen Hollanders da suka mutu, ciki har da Coster, a wani wurin tarihi da ke wurin da aka gwabza. ‘Yan ɓarna sun lalata wannan abin tunawa a shekarar 2014.

Hotuna

• 
  Zane na Yaƙin Elandslaagte na Willem Frederik Mondriaan
• 
  Abin tunawa ga membobin Hollanderkorps waɗanda suka mutu a Yaƙin Elandslaagte kafin a lalata shi a cikin 2014

Duba kuma

• Tarihin soja na Afirka ta Kudu

Manazarta

Sources

• Bosch, Jan-Karel (2013), Willem Frederik Mondriaan: 'n Biografiese Skets [Willem Frederik Mondriaan: A Biographical Sketch] (PDF) (in Afrikaans), RKD – Nederlands Instituut voor Kunstgeschiedenis
• Gillings, Ken (2003). Battles of KwaZulu-Natal. Durban: Art Publishers.
• Gomm, Neville (1971). "The German Commando in the South African War of 1899-1902". Military History Journal. South African Military History Society. 2 (2).
• Kruger, Rayne (1964). Goodbye Dolly Grey. New English Library. ISBN 0-7126-6285-5.
• Kuitenbrouwer, Vincent (2017). "The Anglo-Boer War of 1899-1902". In Gosselink, Martine; Holtrop, Maria; Ross, Robert John (eds.). Good Hope: South Africa and The Netherlands from 1600. Amsterdam: Vantilt Publishers. ISBN 978-94-6004-313-0.
• Pakenham, Thomas (1979). The Boer War. Cardinal. ISBN 0-7474-0976-5.
• Viljoen, B. (1902). My Reminiscences of the Anglo-Boer War. London: Hood, Douglas, & Howard.

Kara karantawa

• Doyle, Arthur Conan (1930). The Great Boer War. London: George Bell & sons.
• McFadden, Pam (2014). The Battle of Elandslaagte: 21 October 1899. 30° South Publishers. ISBN 978-1-928211-40-2.