Yaƙin Italo-Senussi na Biyu

Yaƙin Italo-Senussi na Biyu

Iri	pacification (en)
Bangare na	interwar period (en)
Kwanan watan	26 ga Janairu, 1923 –  24 ga Janairu, 1932
Wuri	Libya

Yakin Italo-Senussi na biyu, wanda kuma ake wasu ke cewa da shi zaman sulhun Libya, rikici ne da ya faru a lokacin mulkin mallaka na Italiya a Libya tsakanin sojojin Italiya (wanda ya kunshi sojojin mulkin mallaka na Libya, Eritriya, da Somalia) da kuma 'yan tawaye na asali masu alaka da Dokar Senussi. Yaƙin dai ya kasance daga shekarun 1923 har zuwa 1932, lokacin da aka kama babban jagoran Senussi, Omar al-Mukhtar, aka kashe shi. An gudanar da kisan kiyashi a Libiya a lokacin da kuma bayan rikicin. when the principal Senussi leader, Omar al-Mukhtar, was captured and executed.

An gwabza faɗa ne a dukkan larduna uku na ƙasar Libya (Tripolitania, Fezzan, da Cyrenaica), amma ya fi tsanani da tsawaitawa a yankin Jebel Akhdar mai tsaunuka na Cyrenaica. Yaƙin ya yi sanadin mutuwar ƴan asalin ƙasar Cyrenaica, wanda ya kai kashi ɗaya bisa huɗu na al'ummar yankin na 225,000. Laifukan yakin Italiya sun haɗa da amfani da makami mai guba, kisa na mayaka da suka miƙa wuya, da kuma kashe fararen hula, yayin da ake zargin Senussis da azabtarwa da yanke jiki na Italiyawan da aka kama da kuma ƙin ɗaukar fursunoni tun daga ƙarshen shekarar 1910s. Hukumomin Italiya sun tilastawa korar 100,000 Badouin Cyrenaican, rabin mutanen Cyrenaica, daga matsugunan su, da yawa daga cikinsu an ba da su ga mazauna Italiya.

Tarihi

Italiya ta kwace ikon soja na Libya daga Daular Ottoman a lokacin Yaƙin Italo-Turkiyya a shekarar 1912, amma sabon mulkin mallaka ya yi gaggawar yin tawaye, yana mai da manyan yankuna zuwa mulkin Libya na gida. Rikici tsakanin Italiya da Senussis – tariqa musulmi na siyasa-addini da ke Libya – ya ɓarke cikin babban tashin hankali a lokacin yakin duniya na ɗaya, lokacin da Senussis a Libya ya fara haɗa kai da Ottomans kan sojojin Italiya. Har ila yau Senussis na Libya ya kara ruruta wutar rikici ta hanyar kai hari ga sojojin Birtaniya da ke ƙasar Masar. Rikici tsakanin Birtaniya da Senussis ya ci gaba har zuwa shekara ta 1917.

A cikin shekarar 1917, Italiya gaji ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar Acroma, wacce ta amince da ingantaccen 'yancin kai na Libya daga ikon Italiya. A cikin shekarar 1918, 'yan tawayen Tripolitaniya sun kafa Jamhuriyar Tripolitaniya, ko da yake sauran ƙasar sun kasance a ƙarƙashin mulkin Italiya. Juriya na gida a kan Italiya ya ci gaba, kamar ta shekarar 1920, gwamnatin Italiya ta tilastawa ta amince da jagoran Senussi Sayid Idris a matsayin Sarkin Cyrenaica kuma ta ba shi 'yancin kai. A cikin shekarar 1922, shugabannin Tripolitania sun ba Idris matsayin Sarkin Tripolitania; duk da haka, kafin Idris ya karɓi muƙamin, sabuwar gwamnatin Italiya ta Benito Mussolini ta fara yakin neman sake dawowa.

Tun daga shekarun 1911, ana ikirarin kashe sojojin Italiya da fararen hula da Ottoman da 'yan tawayen musulmi na gida suka yi, kamar kisa a Sciara Sciat:

I saw (in Sciara Sciat) in one mosque seventeen Italians, crucified with their bodies reduced to the status of bloody rags and bones, but whose faces still retained traces of their hellish agony. Long rods had been passed through the necks of these wretched men and their arms rested on these rods. They were then nailed to the wall and died slowly with untold suffering. It is impossible for us to paint the picture of this hideous rotted meat hanging pitifully on the bloody wall. In a corner another body was crucified, but as an officer he was chosen to experience refined sufferings. His eyes were stitched closed. All the bodies were mutilated and castrated; so indescribable was the scene and the bodies appeared swollen as shapeless carrion. But that's not all! In the cemetery of Chui, which served as a refuge from the Turks and to whence soldiers retreated from afar, we could see another show. In front of one door near the Italian trenches five soldiers had been buried up to their shoulders, their heads emerged from the black sand stained with their blood: heads horrible to see and there you could read all the tortures of hunger and thirst.

Rahotanni na waɗannan kashe-kashen sun haifar da kukan ramuwar gayya da ɗaukar fansa a Italiya, kuma a farkon shekarun 1920 hawan mulkin Benito Mussolini, shugaban jam'iyyar Fascist ta ƙasa , a matsayin Firayim Minista na Italiya ya haifar da wata hanya mai tsanani ga manufofin waje. Ganin irin mahimmancin da 'yan Fascist suka ba wa Libiya a matsayin wani ɓangare na sabuwar daular Italiya, wannan lamarin ya zama hujja mai amfani ga manyan matakan soja don kwato shi.