Yaƙin Keren

Yaƙin Keren

15°46′36″N 38°27′04″E
Iri	faɗa
Bangare na	Yakin Duniya na II da Yakin Gabashin Afirka (Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu)
Kwanan watan	5 ga Faburairu, –  1 ga Afirilu, 1941
Wuri	Keren (en)
Ƙasa	Eritrea
Participant (en)	Birtaniya

Yaƙin Keren (Italiya: Battaglia di Cheren) ya faru ne daga ranar 3 ga watan Fabrairu zuwa 27 ga watan Maris 1941. Birtaniya sun kai wa Keren hari a lokacin yakin Gabashin Afrika na yakin duniya na biyu. Dakarun sojojin Italiya na yau da kullum da na mulkin mallaka sun kare matsayin daga sojojin da galibi daga Sudan da Indiyawan Burtaniya da sojojin Faransa masu 'yanci. Garin Keren, a yankin Gabashin Afirka ta Italiya, ya kasance da mahimmancin dabara ga ɓangarorin biyu. Titin da layin dogo da ke bi ta Keren sune manyan hanyoyin zuwa hedkwatar mulkin mallaka na Iritiriya ta Italiya a Asmara da tashar ruwa ta Masawa ta Bahar Maliya, wacce ta miƙa wuya ga Birtaniya bayan yakin.

Tarihi

Eritrea

Turawan Italiya sun yi wa mulkin mallaka a shekarar 1885, an yi amfani da Eritrea ta Italiya a matsayin matattarar mamayar da Italiya ta yi wa daular Habasha a yakin farko da na biyu na Italo-Abyssiniya. An fara mamayewar na biyu a cikin shekarar 1935 kuma Habasha ta faɗi a shekarar 1936. An haɗe Habasha, Italiyan Somaliland da Eritriya zuwa Italiya ta Gabashin Afirka (Africa Orientale Italiana) na daular Italiya. Bayan shelanta yakin Italiya a ranar 10 ga watan Yunin 1940, ɗan mulkin kama karya na Italiya Benito Mussolini ya umurci sojojinsa da su kame British Somaliland da garuruwan kan iyaka a Sudan da Kenya.

Yanayi

Eritrea tana da yankuna uku na yanayi: yanki na bakin teku na fili mai yashi da ƙarancin gogewa, tudun tudu mai sanyi kuma mai albarka a arewa da kuma zafi da bushewar Afar Depression a kudu. Yankin bakin teku yana gudana cikin ƙasa don 10–20 mi (16–32 km) a gabas mai tsayi har zuwa 1,650 ft (500 m) kuma yana da zafi da ɗanshi ga mafi yawan shekara, tare a watan Yuni, Satumba da Oktoba watanni mafi zafi. A Massawa matsakaicin zafin jiki shine 31 °C (88 °F) kuma a lokacin rani na iya kaiwa 49 °C (120 °F) a cikin inuwa. Yawancin ruwan sama yana faɗuwa a cikin damina, tare da shawa lokaci-lokaci a cikin hunturu. A cikin tsaunuka da kwaruruka, yanayin yanayi yana da zafi tare da ruwan sama na rani kawai, sai dai kusa da bakin teku, inda ake samun ruwan sanyi. Mayu shine watan mafi zafi. Kusanci tudun tsaunuka, tsayin ya tashi sosai zuwa 6,000 ft (1,800 m), tare da wasu kololuwa 10,000 ft (3,000 m) tsayi kuma ƙasa tana raguwa zuwa yamma. Yana da sanyi, tare da damina daga watan Yuni zuwa watt Satumba da kuma ruwan sama mai sauƙi a watan Afrilu da Mayu. Yanayin zafi ya fi girma a lokacin rani daga watan Nuwamba zuwa Afrilu kuma sama da 8,500 ft (2,600 m), ana samun yanayin zafi na sub-alpine. Babban filin yana ci gaba zuwa arewacin Habasha, inda tsaunuka da kwazazzabai suka yi kyakkyawan filin tsaro.

Rundunar Gabas ta Tsakiya

Gabashin Afirka ta Italiya, Mayu 1940, kafin cin nasarar Somaliland ta Burtaniya

Birtaniya ta mayar da martani ta hanyar gina runduna sama da biyu a Sudan da uku a Kenya a farkon watan Fabrairun 1941. Sojojin Sudan wanda Laftanar-Janar William Platt ya ba da umarni kuma a ƙarƙashin Janar Archibald Wavell (Babban kwamandan Rundunar Gabas ta Tsakiya ta Biritaniya) sun mamaye Eritrea ta hanyar Kassala a ranar 18 ga watan Janairu da kuma ranar 1 ga watan Fabrairu sun kama Agordat 100 mi (160 km) gaba gabas.

Mamayen Italiya na Sudan

Anglo-Masar Sudan sun raba 1,000 mi (1,600 km) iyaka da Italiya ta Gabashin Afirka. A ranar 4 ga watan watan Yulin shekarar 1940 ne sojojin Italiya kimanin 6,500 men daga kasar Eritrea suka mamaye ta, inda suka ci gaba da tafiya a mahaɗar layin dogo a Kassala, suka tilasta wa sojojin Birtaniya 320 men na Sojan Tsaron Sudan (SDF) da wasu 'yan sandan yankin yin ritaya, bayan da suka kashe 43 killed da 114 wounded, kuma suka samu raunuka goma. Italiyawa kuma sun kori wani ruƙuni na Kamfanin No 3, Eastern Arab Corps (EAC) na SDF, daga ƙaramin sansanin a Gallabat, kusa da kan iyaka daga Metemma, kimanin 320 km (200 mi) kudu da Kassala kuma ya ɗauki ƙauyukan Qayān, Kurmuk da Dumbode akan kogin Nilu. Daga nan Italiyan ba su ƙara shiga Sudan ba, saboda rashin man fetur. Sun ci gaba da kakkaɓe Kassala da kariyar tankokin yaki, da harsashin bindiga da kuma kakkauta, inda daga bisani suka kafa sansanin sojoji na brigade. Italiyawa sun yi takaicin samun rashin kyamar Birtaniyya a tsakanin al'ummar ƙasar.

Gabatarwa

Keren

Ci gaban sojojin Platt zuwa Eritrea

Keren ba a yi garkuwa da shi ba amma an kewaye shi a mafi yawan ɓangarorin da tsaunuka masu tsawo da tsaunukan da suka ba da dama ga dakarun tsaro a kan tudu. Kula da duwatsu ya ba da bindigogin Italiya cikakkiyar lura da hari. Ƙananan Dongolaas Gorge a 15°45′34′′N 38°25′16.8′′E / 15.75944°N 38.421333°E / 15.45944; 38.421 333 (Dongolaas Gorges) ta hanyar da hanyar jirgin ƙasa daga Agordat zuwa Keren ta wuce ta mamaye gefen kudu maso gabas da Dutsen Zeban da Dutsen Falestoh wanda ya tsaya tsaron Fort Dologorodoc a 15°25′30.6′′N169169°25°N4169°30′′E). Sauran gefen gorge ya umarci taron Dutsen Sanchil tare da kankara na taron koli na biyu, Brig's Peak, Hog's Back da Flat Top da ke kaiwa arewa maso yamma zuwa Dutsen Sammana. A gaban fasalin Sanchil a gefen kudu maso yammacinsa akwai wani dutse na biyu, fasalin 1616, wanda aka fi sani da Cameron Ridge, yana kallon kwarin Ascidera da layin jirgin ƙasa.