Yaƙin Mbumbi
| ||||
| Iri | faɗa | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kwanan watan | 18 Disamba 1622 | |||
Yaƙin Mbumbi wani yaƙin soji ne tsakanin sojojin Portugal Angola da Masarautar Kongo a shekara ta 1622. Ko da yake ’yan Portuguese sun yi nasara, yaƙin ya kasance yunƙuri ga Masarautar Kongo don korar Portuguese daga yankinsu.[1]
Yanayin kafin yakin
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An kafa Angola Portuguese a cikin shekarar 1575 a matsayin lada ga Portuguese don taimaka wa Masarautar Kongo ta doke Jagas da suka mamaye daular a shekarar 1568.[2] Bayan wani mummunan yunƙuri na cin nasarar mulkin Ndongo, gwamnan Portugal Mendes de Vasconcellos ya kulla kawance da Ibangala, mutanen da majiyoyin Turai da Kongo suka bayyana a matsayin marasa tushe, 'yan haya masu cin naman mutane da suka samo asali daga kudancin kogin Kwanza. Gwamnan ya yi amfani da su wajen lalata Ndongo yayin da Angola ta Portugal ta girbe bayin da suka fito daga hargitsi. A cikin shekarar 1621, João Correia de Sousa ya gaje Vasconcellos. Correia de Sousa ya yi fatan samun fa'ida iri ɗaya da wanda ya gabace shi ta hanyar sakin Ibangala cikin yankin Kongo. Da farko ya kai hari a cikin dajin Kazanze, Kongo vassal wanda ya kasance mafaka ga bayi da suka gudu daga Angola Fotigal. [2] Daga nan sai Correia de Sousa ya umarci Kyaftin din Manjo Pedro de Sousa Coelho da 20,000 Mbundu da Portuguese tare da tawagar Ibangala zuwa Nambu a Ngongo a cikin lardin Kongo na Mbamba.[3] Yankin ya faɗo ne bayan ubangidansa ya gudu zuwa garin kasuwanci na Bumbi.
Shiri
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kyaftin-Manjo Sousa Coelho ya yi tattaki zuwa Bumbi tare da mutane 30,000, yawancinsu maharba Mbndu ne da sojojin Portugal masu karfin gaske da sojojin haya na Ibangala suka kara.[4] and the Marquis of Pemba Cosme[5] A cikin garin, Duke na Mbamba Paulo Afonso da Marquis na Pemba Cosme [5] sun jagoranci sojojin Kongo. Sun tattara kimanin mutane 3,000 a matsayin mayaƙa masu ƙanƙanta (baka) waɗanda manyan mutane 200 suka yi yaƙi a matsayin sojan yaƙi na gargajiya (takobi da garkuwa). Kafin ya yi yaƙi a ranar 18 ga watan Disamba 1622, Duke na Mbamba ya yi ikirari kuma ya karɓi Sacrament masu tsarki kafin ya yi wa kansa makamai da takobi, garkuwa da kayan tarihi na tsarkaka daban-daban.[3][6]
Yaƙi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A farkon yakin, ɓangarorin biyu sun yi kukan "Santiago!" kafin shiga. Sojojin Kongo, ganin wannan daidaituwa, sun nuna cewa idan waliyyi na Portugal fari ne, nasu baƙar fata ne. Sojojin Duke ne suka kaddamar da yakin suna fatattakar maharba Mbndu waɗanda adadinsu ya kumbura zuwa kusan 30,000 a lokacin yakin. [3] Amma kamar yadda yake a Ndongo, sojojin haya na Ibangala ba za su yi nasara ba kuma sun lalata rundunar Kongo da wani hari. [3] Duke, marquis, 90 masu ƙaramin karfi da dubban sojoji na gama gari duk an kashe su. [3] Bisa ga lissafin Jesuit na yakin, Portuguese sun yi nasara wajen kwashe bayi da yawa daga yakin kuma suka kori dukan mazauna, ba tare da kare dukiyoyin Portuguese da aka kafa a can ba. Imbagala, kamar yadda suka saba, sun kashe fursunoni da yawa da waɗanda aka kashe, ciki har da gawar Duke na Mbamba da Marquis na Pemba.[7]
Bayan haka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Yakin Mbumbi ya haifar da firgici a duk faɗin masarautar Kongo. Rikicin adawa da Portugal ya ɓarke a ko'ina cikin Kongo, wanda ya haifar da zubar da jini mai yawa. An tilasta wa sabon sarki Pedro II ya sanya waɗannan 'yan Portugal da za su iya ceto a ƙarƙashin kariyarsa a sansaninsa da ke Mbanda Kasi inda ya tara dakarunsa don kai hari. Nasarar da Portugal ta samu a Mbumbi ta sanya ƙusa na ƙarshe a cikin akwatin gawar Kongo da Portugal. Kongo ya shelanta yaki da Angolan Fotigal kuma ya yakr su daga Kongo har ma ya kwace yankunan da suka kasance ƙarƙashin mulkin Angola na Portugal. Sakamakon ƙarshe na yaƙin shine kamfen na wasiƙar sarki Pedro II zuwa ga mutanen Holland yana ba da shawarar ƙawancen da zai ƙare shekaru ashirin bayan mamaye Angola.[7]
Duba kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Tarihin Angola
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Thornton, John (1999). Warfare in Atlantic Africa, 1500–1800. UCL Press. p. 114. ISBN 978-1-85728-392-1.
- 1 2 Thornton and Mosterman, John and Andrea (July 2010). "A Re-Interpretation of the Kongo-Portuguese War of 1622 According to New Documentary Evidence". The Journal of African History. 51 (2): 237. doi:10.1017/S0021853710000277. S2CID 159509249.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Thornton, John; Linda M. Heywood (3 September 2007). Central Africans, Atlantic Creoles, and the Foundation of the Americas, 1585–1660. Cambridge University Press. p. 138. ISBN 978-0-521-77065-1.
- ↑ Thornton & Heywood 2007, p. 174
- 1 2 L. Jadin (1968). "Relations sur le Congo et l'Angola tirées des archives de la Compagnie de Jésus, 1621-1631". Bulletin de l'Institut Historique Belge de Rome. 39: 333–454 [391]. Archived from the original on 30 November 2022. Retrieved 18 December 2024.
- ↑ Thornton, John K. (2020). A History of West Central Africa to 1850 (in Turanci). Cambridge University Press. p. 130. ISBN 978-1-107-12715-9.
- 1 2 Thornton & Mosterman 2010, p. 238