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Yaƙin Palma

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 10°46′32″S 40°28′22″E / 10.7756°S 40.4728°E / -10.7756; 40.4728
Iri faɗa

An yi Yaƙin Mozambique" Palma [1] ko yakin Palma [2] a ƙarshen Maris da farkon Afrilu 2021 kan iko da birnin Palma a Mozambique, tsakanin Sojojin Tsaro na Mozambique, wasu dakarun tsaro na Mozambik da 'yan kwangila na soja a gefe ɗaya, da' yan tawayen Islama da aka ruwaito suna da alaƙa da Jihar Islama (IS) a gefe ɗaya. Musulmai sun mamaye birnin, sun kashe mutane da yawa kafin Mozambique ta sake samun iko kwanaki bayan haka. An bar Palma a lalace, kuma babban Kamfanin mai da iskar gas ya yanke shawarar dakatar da duk ayyukan da ke yankin saboda yakin. Masu bincike sun bayyana yakin a matsayin nasarar gaba ɗaya ga masu tayar da kayar baya.[3] Har ila yau, 'yan tawaye sun ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin garin, kuma sun ci gaba leken Palma a cikin makonni masu zuwa. Yaƙin ya kasance wani ɓangare na tawaye a Cabo Delgado, wanda ya fara a cikin 2017 kuma ya haifar da mutuwar dubban mutane, galibi fararen hula na yankin.

Tarihi

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Rikicin a Cabo Delgado, Mozambique, ya fara ne a shekarar 2017 kuma ya kara karfi a shekarar 2020. 'Yan tawayen Islama sun yi Kisan kiyashi a watan Afrilu da Nuwamba. Daga 5-11 ga watan Agusta, 'yan tawaye da aka ruwaito suna da alaƙa da Jihar Islama (IS) sun kama birnin Mocímboa da Praia yayin wani hari.[4] Lardin Musulunci na Afirka ta Tsakiya (IS-CAP) ya ayyana Mocímboa da Praia babban birninta, kuma ya gudanar da shi har zuwa 2021.[4] A mayar da martani ga karuwar tawaye, gwamnatin Mozambican ta hayar da Kamfanonin soja masu zaman kansu da yawa, mafi mahimmanci kungiyar Dyck Advisory Group (DAG) ta Afirka ta Kudu.[5] Bugu da kari, hukumomin gida da kamfanoni da ke aiki a Cabo Delgado suma sun yi amfani da 'yan kwangila na tsaro.[5] Babban kamfanin makamashi na Faransa Total SE wanda ke kula da wani shafin a yankin Afungi kusa da Palma, ya hayar akalla Kamfanonin tsaro guda biyar, wato Arkhe, GardaWorld, Blue Mountain, Control Risks da G4S.[6] Total SE ta ci gaba da cewa 'yan kwangilar tsaro ba su da makamai.[5] An bayyana shafin Total SE a matsayin aikin da zai iya canza tattalin arzikin yankin gaba ɗaya, saboda zai samar da kudaden shiga ga gwamnatin Mozambican. Koyaya, aikin ya kasance mai kawo rigima, saboda yawancin mazauna yankin sun yi hijira don samar da wuri ga shi. Sojojin Tsaro na Mozambique (FADM) sun kafa wurare masu yawa don kare shafin a yankin Afungi.

A farkon watan Maris na 2021, 'yan tawaye sun fara kewaye garin Palma. 'Yan tawaye sun fille kan fararen hula daga kauyuka da ke kusa, da kuma mutanen da ke ƙoƙarin tserewa daga garin. A ranar 7 ga watan Maris, 'yan tawaye sun dauki iyakar Nonje a kan iyaka da Tanzania a kan Kogin Ruvuma, suna ware Palma daga sauran Mozambique.[7] Fararen hula da suka kasance a Palma sun fuskanci yunwa. Mai sharhi na ACLED Jasmine Opperman ya yi jayayya cewa ana sa ran kai hari kan Palma, kuma masana tsaro sun gargadi ofisoshin jakadancin kasashen waje da gwamnatin Mozambican cewa mayakan suna shirin kai hari, sai kawai a yi watsi da su.[8] Opperman daga baya ya wallafa a shafinsa na Twitter "Me ya sa a cikin sunan Allah ba a dauki wani mataki ba don mayar da martani ga bayanan gargadi na farko. "[9]

Ba a san ainihin asalin masu tayar da kayar baya a Palma ba. Wani ɗan tawaye ya bayyana kansa a matsayin memba na "al-Shabab", sunan yankin na ƙungiyar Ansar al-Sunna . Sauran rahotanni sun yi iƙirarin cewa an gano maharan a matsayin na IS-CAP. Dangantaka tsakanin Ansar al-Sunna, wanda aka sani da sunaye daban-daban, da IS-CAP gabaɗaya ba a bayyane yake ba. Masana suna zargin cewa sassa ko duk Ansar al-Sunna sun shiga IS-CAP, amma cewa babban umarnin IS ba shi da iko a kan masu haɗin Mozambican.[4] IS ta dauki alhakin ƙananan hare-hare a Mozambique, idan aka kwatanta da ta'addanci gaba ɗaya, amma ta yi iƙirarin shiga cikin manyan ayyukan 'yan tawaye.[4] Bayan yakin, 'yan gudun hijira sun bayyana cewa wasu daga cikin kwamandojin 'yan tawaye 'yan Tanzania ne da Somaliya. Tanzaniyawa sun bayyana aminci ga IS, yayin da Somalis suka musanta kasancewa cikin IS, a maimakon haka sun kasance cikin "ƙungiyar da ba a san su ba". Tushen tsaro sun bayyana cewa 'yan tawaye a Palma galibi an tsara su sosai kuma suna sanye da kayan aiki.[10] An ruwaito cewa mayakan 'yan tawaye da yawa yara ne wadanda za su nuna karo na farko da aka yi amfani da yara a matsayin mayakan a lokacin tashin hankali.[3]

IS da ƙungiyarsa ta IS-CAP daga baya sun yi ikirarin cewa suna da alhakin harin da aka kai wa Palma ta hanyar Amaq News Agency.[36][11][12] Koyaya, hotunan da Kamfanin Dillancin Labaran Amaq ya fitar wanda ake zargin ya nuna yakin masana sun yanke hukunci cewa an dauki makonni kafin aikin.[37] Mai sharhi na Gidauniyar Jamestown Jacob Zenn ya yi jayayya cewa wannan ya nuna wani nau'in lalacewar sadarwa tsakanin 'yan tawayen Mozambican da rundunar IS ta tsakiya, mai yiwuwa saboda mutuwar "shugabannin kafofin watsa labarai a kowane bangare".[36] Dangane da haka, IS ba ta da damar yin amfani da hotuna ko bidiyo daga Mozambique, amma har yanzu tana son samar da wasu hujjoji don shigar da sojojinta a yakin Palma.[38]

Yaƙi

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Harin farko da Amarula Hotel kwanton bauna

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Kafin yaƙin, 'yan tawayen Islama da yawa, da suka yi kama da fararen hula, sojoji, da' yan sanda sun shiga Palma, suna ɓoye makamai kuma suna shirin kai hari.[13] Ɗaya daga cikin shaidun ya bayyana cewa masu tayar da kayar baya sun sa kayan aiki na Rapid Intervention Unit, reshen ayyukan musamman na 'yan sanda na Mozambican.[3] Bayan yakin, mutane daga Palma sun nuna zargin cewa mazauna yankin sun shiga cikin aikin 'yan tawaye.[14] Harin ya faru ne yayin da Total SE ta ci gaba da aiki a shafin. Ya bayyana cewa an shirya harin a gaba.[15]

A ranar 24 ga watan Maris, sama da mayakan 100, sun rabu zuwa kungiyoyi biyu, [16] sun kaddamar da harin su a kan Palma daga bangarori uku kuma sun gudanar da hare-haren ta'addanci a wurare daban-daban.[42] Da farko sun yi niyya ga ofisoshin 'yan sanda da wuraren dubawa, sannan suka yi amfani da fashewa don shiga cikin bankunan biyu, wanda suka sace.[17][18] Sun kwace wurin shakatawa na kasuwanci, ofisoshin gwamnati, da kuma sansanin soja na gida. Har ila yau, 'yan tawaye sun yi niyya da adana abinci da motocin abinci a ciki da kewayen birnin, suna kama abubuwan da ke ciki.[45] An kuma kai hari kan unguwanni masu zama, wanda ya haifar da mutuwar fararen hula da yawa. An kuma harbe mutane a kan tituna, tare da wasu daga cikin wadanda abin ya shafa sannan aka fille kawunansu.[15] 'Yan tawaye sun gamu da juriya kaɗan daga jami'an tsaro mafi yawansu sun janye da sauri. Wasu 'yan sojoji sun yi ƙoƙari su shirya kariya, amma an mamaye su. 'Yan tawaye da sauri sun tabbatar da bakin tekun da kuma manyan hanyoyi zuwa cikin garin, gami da babbar hanyar, da filin jirgin sama inda suka harbe jirgin sama mai shigowa, ya tilasta shi ya karya saukowa.

An yi niyya da aikin gas, inda aka kashe mazauna yankin da ma'aikatan kasashen waje. Jami'an yankin da yawa, ciki har da mai kula da gundumar Palma, [2] da sauransu sun tsere daga wurin kuma sun nemi mafaka a Otal din Amarula. Masu fafutuka sun kai hari otal ɗin, inda suka kashe wasu mutane a ƙofar.[19][18] Gabaɗaya, kusan mutane 220 sun sami mafaka a Otal din Amarula, daga cikinsu 100 mazauna yankin ne. Kimanin fararen hula 20 sun ɓoye a Otal din Bonatti . [18] Da zaran 'yan tawaye sun mallaki Palma, fiye da' yan ta'adda 100 sun karfafa birnin, sun toshe tituna a cikin birnin kuma sun kama ƙauyuka a kusa da Palma.[16] A cewar wasu rahotanni, jiragen ruwa biyu na 'yan tawaye sun kai hari kan jirgin ruwa na Alfajimbo daga Palma a lokaci guda yayin da' yan tawaye na ƙasa suka fara kai hari. An ruwaito cewa masu tayar da kayar baya sun sami nasarar sace Alfajimbo, kodayake babu wani ƙarin bayani da ya bayyana game da makomar jirgin.[3]

Don taimakawa tsaron birnin, an ruwaito cewa FADM ta aika da jirage masu saukar ungulu guda uku, wato Mil Mi-24 guda biyu, wanda 'yan kwangila na Ukraine suka tuka [9] da ke da alaƙa da Paramount Group, da kuma Mil Mi-17 guda. [18] Wadannan jiragen sun kamata su taimaka wa fararen hula da aka kama. Koyaya, Sojojin Sama na Mozambique sun janye a ƙarƙashin yanayi mara kyau. A cewar "wasu kafofin tsaro", duk jirage masu saukar ungulu na FADM sun janye bayan daya ya lalace ta hanyar ƙananan makamai. Sauran kafofin tsaro sun yi iƙirarin cewa Mil Mi-17 ya harbe shi da Mil Mi-24 bayan masu tayar da kayar baya sun sace tsohon.[9] Kungiyar Dyck Advisory Group ta kuma zo tare da jirage masu saukar ungulu guda shida - 3 Aérospatiale Gazelle, 2 Eurocopter AS350 Écureuil da daya Aérospaiale Alouette III - don kai farmaki ga masu tayar da kayar baya da kuma taimaka wa fararen hula.[20] DAG ta bayyana cewa sun shiga tsakani ba tare da umarni kai tsaye daga jami'ai ba. Koyaya, jirgin DAG dole ne ya janye bayan sun ƙare man fetur a ƙarshen 25 Maris ko farkon 26 Maris.[18] A cewar darektan DAG Lionel Dyck, jirage masu saukar ungulu na Paramount Group sun koma Palma sau ɗaya a ranar 25 ga Maris, amma sun sake janyewa bayan sun yi kuskuren harbi a kan sojojin Mozambican.

A halin yanzu, 'yan kwangila na Afirka ta Kudu sun gaya wa wadanda ke Otal din Amarula cewa za su iya kokarin sake taimaka musu washegari, kuma ya kamata su zauna, saboda' yan tawaye suna iya kasancewa a kwance don su yi wa kowa da ya tsere. Sojojin Mozambican da ke kusa da 700 zuwa sojoji 1,100 sun kasa taimakawa wadanda aka kewaye su a Palma, ba sa son raunana matsayinsu mai garu a tsibirin Afungi, yayin da Total SE ya ruwaito ya ki ya ba da man fetur ga jirage masu saukar ungulu na DAG don kada su iya komawa Palma kai tsaye. [18] Da safe a ranar 26 ga watan Maris, jirage masu saukar ungulu na DAG sun ceci wasu daga cikin wadanda ke ɓoye a Otal din Amarula.[2] Ba tare da umarnin hukuma daga gwamnati ba, manajan otal da ma'aikatan DAG sun yanke shawarar wanda za a kwashe. Kimanin mutane 20 ne aka ceto, ciki har da jami'ai da mai kula da gundumar Palma. [2] Daga baya a wannan rana, waɗanda suka rage a Otal din Amarula sun yanke shawarar yin yunkurin tserewa, saboda babu wani taimako daga sojojin gwamnati da ya kai musu.[18] 'Yan tawaye suna kai hari kan otal din da bindigogi a lokacin. Ba da daɗewa ba kafin a yi yunkurin fashewa, mai otal ɗin ya shirya kwashewar iska ta ƙarshe ta amfani da helikofta na kamfanin Everett Aviation. Jirgin saman ya ceci wasu ma'aikatan otal ɗin, da karnuka biyu na mai otal ɗin. Wannan ceto ya sami murfin iska ta jirgin sama na DAG.

Wani rukuni na 20 ba su shiga yunkurin tserewa daga Otal din Amarula ba, kuma sun zaɓi su zauna a baya. Tare da taimakon wasu jami'an tsaro, kimanin mutane 180 da suka tsira daga otal ɗin sun gudu tare da motar motoci 17 [18] zuwa dutsen da ke kusa.[19] Koyaya, motoci bakwai ne kawai suka tsere daga wurin, yayin da aka kai hari kan sauran motoci goma, tare da kashe mazaunansu, da wasu da suka ji rauni kuma aka kama su.[18][19] Fiye da mutane 40 ne aka kashe a lokacin yunkurin tserewa. A cewar Pinnacle News, akalla sojoji 21 na Mozambican sun mutu yayin aikin.

Wadanda suka samu nasarar tsallake layin 'yan tawaye sun isa rairayin bakin teku. A can, jirage masu saukar ungulu na DAG na Afirka ta Kudu sun sami damar kwashe su a ranar 27 ga Maris.[18][2] Har ila yau, 'yan kwangila sun ceci ƙungiyar da suka zauna a Otal din Amarula. [18] [15] Wasu mutane sun sami nasarar tserewa daga Palma a cikin jiragen ruwa.[16] Jiragen sama masu saukar ungulu guda shida na DAG sun ci gaba da motsawa a cikin birni, suna ƙoƙarin ganowa da ceto waɗanda suka tsira. [18] [16][20] A halin yanzu, 'yan tawaye sun fara fashi da lalata garin, suna ƙone gine-gine da yawa ciki har da otal-otal da asibiti kuma suna lalata kusan kashi biyu bisa uku na ababen more rayuwa.[18][16] Daga baya a ranar, kafofin tsaro sun yi iƙirarin cewa 'yan ta'adda sun kwace ikon garin duk da cewa har yanzu ana yin fada a kusa da Palma.[21][22][23] Masu tayar da kayar baya, wadanda suka kai sama da 300 a lokacin, sun kuma yanke wasu otal-otal hudu a Palma inda ma'aikatan kasashen waje har yanzu suna ci gaba.[16]

Gudun sojan ruwa da kuma hare-haren gwamnati

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Daga 27 ga watan Maris, ana kwashe fararen hula da aka kama a Palma ta jiragen ruwa. Jiragen ruwa da yawa sun isa Palma a cikin ƙoƙari na taimaka wa waɗanda suka makale a bakin rairayin bakin teku. Jirgin fasinja na Sea Star ya ɗauki kimanin 'yan gudun hijira 1,400 a cikin jirgin kuma ya kawo su lafiya a Pemba a ranar 28 ga Maris.[24] Yawancin wadanda Sea Star ta ceto su ne ma'aikatan Total SE. Jirgin ya sami kariya daga Ocean Eagle 43, jirgin ruwa na rundunar sojan ruwa ta Mozambik. Wadanda suka tsere sun yi amfani da kowane jirgi da ke akwai, gami da "jiragen kaya, jiragen fasinja, masu jan kaya da jiragen ruwa". Ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka tsira ya bayyana cewa "masu samar da gida da kamfanoni" ne suka shirya kwashewar, yayin da wasu ƙasashe da manyan kamfanoni suka bar fararen hula ga makomarsu.[25] 'Yan tawaye sun yi niyya sosai ga jiragen ruwa masu gudu tare da kananan makamai da bindigogi, suna tilasta wa wasu su karya ayyukan ceto. An kiyasta fararen hula 35,000 a lokacin yakin, suna neman mafaka a garuruwa da birane makwabta. Da yawa sun gudu zuwa cikin gandun daji da mangroves da ke kusa, yayin da wasu suka tsere daga arewa a fadin iyakar zuwa Tanzania duk da rashin amincewar gwamnatin Tanzania ta farko don ba da damar shiga 'yan gudun hijira.[25][26][2]   A ƙarshen 28 ga Maris, sojojin FADM, sojan ruwa, rundunar sojan sama, da rundunonin soji na musamman, [27] da DAG da kamfanin tsaro na Control Risks na London suka goyi bayan, [27] sun kaddamar da aiki don sake karɓar Palma, amma 'yan tawaye da farko sun sami nasarar riƙe mafi yawan birnin ciki har da tashar jiragen ruwa. Koyaya, 'yan tawaye sun janye wasu daga cikin dakarun cikin daji wanda ya sauƙaƙa kwashewar. A lokacin, kimanin 'yan gudun hijira 6,000 zuwa 10,000 har yanzu suna jiran kwashewa a rairayin bakin teku na Palma.[24] Dubban mutane da yawa suna riƙewa a Afungi, inda aikin Total SE yake; ƙarshen bai fada hannun 'yan tawaye ba, kodayake Total SE ta kwashe mafi yawan ma'aikatanta daga shafin.[24][8] A halin yanzu, sojoji da 'yan sanda sun kewaye yankin saukowa don jiragen ruwa a Pemba, suna ƙuntata damar shiga ga' yan gudun hijira.[24] Akwai rahotanni game da 'yan tawaye da suka ɓoye sun shiga cikin jiragen ruwa, kodayake an gano su kuma an tabbatar da makaman su.[13] Sea Star ta koma Palma bayan ta sauke fasinjojinta, ta kwashe fararen hula da yawa ciki har da mazauna yankin da yawa fiye da lokacin da ta fara tafiya.

A ranar 29 ga watan Maris, IS a hukumance ta yi iƙirarin cewa dakarunta sun kama Palma, [11] [27] yayin da FADM ta yi iccirarin sake dawo da garin.[lower-alpha 1] Koyaya, fada ta ci gaba "a cikin aljihu [...] a duk faɗin garin" tsakanin 'yan tawaye, da sojoji,' yan sanda da ma'aikata, tare da rahotanni na gawawwakin da aka yanke a kan tituna. A cewar Lionel Dyck, sojojinsa na sama sun shiga "ƙananan ƙungiyoyi da yawa da [...] babban rukuni" na masu tayar da kayar baya. Dyck ya kimanta cewa zai zama da wahala ga gwamnati ta sake karbar garin, kuma wani masanin tsaro ya kuma yi jayayya cewa Palma "mai canza wasan" ne, yayin da 'yan tawaye suka tabbatar da cewa sun fi dacewa, suna da makamai, kuma sun shirya fiye da kowane lokaci. A ranar 30 ga watan Maris, "rashin jituwa" ya ci gaba a Palma. Kimanin fararen hula 5,000 sun nemi mafaka a kusa da hasumiya a tsibirin Afungi inda aka kafa aikin Total SE. Kamfanin ya bayar da rahoton samar da wadannan 'yan gudun hijira da abinci da ruwa.[28] A wannan rana, darektan DAG Dyck ya bayyana a cikin wata hira cewa "kamar yadda nake zaune a nan, Palma ta ɓace", yana mai bayyana cewa babban martani daga gwamnatin Mozambican ya zama dole don fitar da 'yan tawaye daga garin. Ya yi iƙirarin cewa masu tayar da kayar baya suna yin kama da fararen hula don kauce wa hare-haren sama. DAG ta ci gaba da yunkurin taimaka wa mutane su tsere wadanda ke ɓoye a cikin daji a kusa da Palma.[29]

A ranar 31 ga watan Maris, an ruwaito cewa fada a Palma ta kwanta, yayin da FADM ta shiga garin kuma ta fara sake dawo da shi.[3][20] Da yake nuna "sanin dabarun", 'yan tawaye ba su yi ƙoƙari su riƙe garin da aka kwace ba, a maimakon haka a hankali suka janye.[8] Mai magana da yawun sojojin FADM Chongo Vidigal ya yi iƙirarin cewa Palma ta kasance mai jayayya, amma sojoji sun kafa wasu iko a kan yankin tashar jiragen ruwa.[30] A halin yanzu, jirage masu saukar ungulu na DAG sun ci gaba da tashi.[20] A wannan rana, Shugaban Botswana Mokgweetsi Masisi, Cyril Ramaphosa na Afirka ta Kudu da Emmerson Mnangagwa na Zimbabwe sun gudanar da taro don tattauna hanyoyin da za a taimaka wa Mozambique yaƙi da kungiyoyin masu tayar da kayar baya. A ranar 1 ga Afrilu, 'yan tawaye sun sami damar kwace jiragen ruwa biyu a bakin rairayin bakin teku, daya "ƙaramin jirgin saukowa" da kuma "jirgi mai mita tara". 'Yan tawaye sun ci gaba da aiki da jiragen biyu har sai jirage masu saukar ungulu da ke tallafawa sojojin gwamnati sun lalata su washegari.[3]

A ranar 2 ga Afrilu, akwai rahotanni game da 'yan tawaye da suka kaddamar da hare-hare a kan tsibirin Afungi; wasu sun bayyana cewa' yan tawaye sun kai hari kan sojojin FADM da ke kare kayan aikin Total SE, wasu sun yi iƙirarin cewa sun yi niyya ga fararen hula da suka tsere zuwa Quitund, ƙauyen da ke kusa da shafin.[3] Shirin Abinci na Duniya (WFP) ya dakatar da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama daga Palma na ɗan lokaci saboda yanayin tsaro da ke lalacewa a cikin birni. WFP ta bayyana cewa "ta damu game da karuwar tashin hankali a Cabo Delgado" ta kara da cewa yana haifar da ƙaurawar yawan jama'a. A wannan rana, Cyril Ramaphosa ya ce an tura sojojin Afirka ta Kudu zuwa Palma don taimakawa wajen kwashe 'yan Afirka ta Kudu. Rikicin ya ci gaba a ranar 3 ga Afrilu, yayin da 'yan tawaye suka sake kai hare-hare kan sojojin FADM a Palma kafin su sake komawa. Sojojin gwamnati a ƙarshe sun tabbatar da filin jirgin sama na cikin gida, [3] tare da kwamandan FADM Vidigal daga baya ya bayyana cewa dakarunsa sun gamu da mafi yawan juriya a can.

A ranar 4 ga Afrilu, FADM ta yi iƙirarin cewa ta sake kama Palma, ana zargin ta kashe adadi mai yawa na 'yan ta'adda, yayin da jirgin DAG ya bar yankin. [3] A ranar 5 ga Afrilu, an tabbatar da cewa FADM ta sami Palma, kodayake 'yan tawaye sun ci gaba da sarrafa kewayen garin. Koyaya, ƙungiyar Sky News da ke bayar da rahoto daga garin an kwashe su da sauri bayan sun ji harbin bindiga. Yawancin garin an bar su da fashi kuma an lalata su, kuma fararen hula kalilan ne suka yarda su dawo. FADM ta ci gaba da binciken tsaro. Wasu fararen hula da suka dawo sun fara fashi a garin, sau da yawa don abinci. [14] Ba da daɗewa ba jami'an tsaro suka shiga cikin kwace abin da ya rage a garin. Koyaya, 'yan tawaye sun ci gaba da kasancewa da karfi a yankin, kuma sun ci gaba tilasta hare-hare a cikin garin.

Tasirin

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Wani rahoto daga cibiyar lura da rikice-rikice ta Cable Ligado ya kammala cewa "harin babban nasara ne ga masu tayar da kayar baya". 'Yan tawaye sun janye tare da adadi mai yawa, ciki har da tan 23 na abinci, [3] da kuma kusan dala miliyan 1 a tsabar kudi. [8] Sabanin haka, gwamnatin Mozambican ta nuna yakin a matsayin nasarar da ta samu, ta wuce gona da iri ga taimakon fararen hula na yankin. Ya iyakance ikon kafofin watsa labarai na cikin gida don rufe abubuwan da suka faru, yana tura labarinsa a Mozambique.

Yaƙin ya yi barazanar shirye-shiryen da gwamnatin Mozambican ta yi na cire manyan iskar gas (LNG) na Cabo Delgado. Musamman, Total SE ya sanya aikinsa a cikin hadadden Afungi ya dogara da ikon gwamnati na kula da kewayon tsaro na kilomita 25 a kusa da Afungi. Kamar yadda wannan kewayon ya haɗa da Palma, Total SE ta sanar da cewa za ta bar aiki a shafin saboda tawaye.[31] A ranar 2 ga Afrilu, kamfanin ya watsar da shafin Afungi gaba ɗaya, [3] ya bar shi ga FADM.

Bayan harin, Mozambique da Portugal da sauri sun kammala shirye-shiryen da ke akwai don aikin horo don tallafawa FADM.[32] Brazil kuma ta ba da tallafi ga Mozambique don mayar da martani ga abubuwan da suka faru a Palma.[33] Gwamnatin Burtaniya tana kuma la'akari da irin wannan tayin tallafi ga sojojin Mozambican, a cewar majiyoyin diflomasiyya. Wannan yunkuri ya zo ne bayan sake fasalin Sojojin Burtaniya da kuma kirkirar Rangers, mai kama da Green Berets na Amurka, wanda aka bayyana a matsayin rundunar soja ta musamman ta biyu da aka tsara don horar da kungiyoyin masu tayar da kayar baya.

Wadanda suka mutu

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A karo na farko a lokacin tawaye, 'yan tawaye "da gangan sun yi niyya ga ma'aikatan kasashen waje".[1] A cikin bugawa game da yakin, IS ta yi alfaharin cewa aikinta "ya haifar da mutuwar sojojin Mozambican 55 da Kiristoci ciki har da 'yan kwangila daga waje da kasar". [2] [1] Gwamnatin Mozambican a hukumance ta yarda cewa mutane bakwai sun mutu a cikin kwanton bauna na Otal din Amarula, yayin da masu kallo masu zaman kansu suka kiyasta cewa har zuwa 50 sun mutu yayin harin otal din.[3] Gabaɗaya, gwamnatin Mozambican ta kiyasta cewa "dubu" sun mutu a lokacin yakin. Ya zuwa 3 ga Afrilu, 9,900 ne kawai daga cikin wadanda suka rasa muhallinsu aka yi rajista a Pemba da sauran sassan Cabo Delgado, a cewar hukumar agaji ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya OCHA. Game da sauran wadanda suka rasa muhallinsu, Médecins Sans Frontières sun ce har yanzu suna iya ɓoyewa a cikin gandun daji da ke kewaye. Har ila yau, akwai rahotanni game da wani dan kwangila wanda ya ga mutane suna cinyewa da aladu ko kuma sun nitse cikin laka mai zurfi.[4] A ranar 9 ga Afrilu 2021, mai sharhi Jacob Zenn ya sanya adadin wadanda suka mutu a sojoji 21 na Mozambican da fararen hula 40.[37] Ya zuwa Mayu 2021, an sami rahotanni game da fararen hula da yawa na cikin gida da kuma kwangila 50 (duka 'yan asalin da baƙi) da aka kashe.

Wani mutumin Afirka ta Kudu, Adrian Nel wanda ke tuka daya daga cikin motocin kwastam [34] da kuma dan kwangila na Birtaniya an tabbatar da kashe su yayin hare-haren. [35][36] An gano gawarwakin wasu baƙi 12 a ranar 8 ga Afrilu, ciki har da wani mutumin Zimbabue mai shekaru 38. An tabbatar da wani ɗan ƙasar Portugal da ya ji rauni bayan an harbe shi, kuma an ceto shi tare da ma'aikata biyu daga Ireland da New Zealand.[37]

Rashin jituwa

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A watan Mayu na 2021, wani rahoto na Amnesty International ya yi zargin cewa an ba da fifiko ga fararen fata don ceto fiye da baƙar fata. Rahoton ya yi zargin cewa an kwashe fararen kwangila daga Palma a gaban mazaunanta baƙar fata, bayan sun gudanar da tambayoyi tare da baƙar fata goma sha ɗaya da suka tsira daga kewaye. Kungiyar DAG ta ki amincewa da zargin da Amnesty ta yi.[38] Wani rahoto daga The New York Times ya kuma ba da shawarar cewa an ba da fifiko ga 'yan asalin ƙasar da' yan kwangila na ƙasashen waje a kan mazauna yankin yayin kwashewar.

Sakamakon haka

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Hare-haren 'yan tawaye a kan Palma sun ci gaba a watan Afrilu.[8] Ya zuwa Mayu 2021, an ba da rahoton harbe-harbe da gobara a lokaci-lokaci a Palma, yayin da 'yan tawaye suka ci gaba da kai hari garin, kuma suka tilasta fararen hula su gudu. Fararen hula 100 ne kawai ke zaune a Palma har zuwa watan Agusta 2021.

Manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. ↑ Gersende Rambourg; Susan Njanji (30 March 2021). "Palma jihadist attack turning point in Mozambique crisis". yahoo news. Retrieved 15 April 2021.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 "Cabo Ligado Weekly: 22–28 March" (PDF). Cabo Ligado (ACLED, Zitamar News, Mediafax). 30 March 2021. Retrieved 15 April 2021.
  3. ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 "Cabo Ligado Weekly: 29 March-4 April" (PDF). Cabo Ligado (ACLED, Zitamar News, Mediafax). 6 April 2021. Retrieved 8 April 2021.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Weiss, Caleb (29 March 2021). "Islamic State claims capture of coastal city in Mozambique". Long War Journal. Retrieved 30 March 2021.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Gordon Feller (7 April 2021). "An overview of foreign security involvement in Mozambique". DefenceWeb. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  6. ↑ Joseph Hanlon (27 July 2020). "Mozambique: Push for mercenaries and intervention in Cabo Delgado". Club of Mozambique. Retrieved 6 April 2021.
  7. ↑ "Cabo Ligado Weekly: 8–14 March". Archived from the original on 16 March 2021. Retrieved 27 March 2021.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Esau, Iain (28 March 2021). "Palma attacks: Total stops work at Mozambique LNG as workers and locals flee brutal assault by Islamist insurgents". Upstream. Archived from the original on 28 March 2021. Retrieved 29 March 2021.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Fabricius, Peter (27 March 2021). "South Africans reportedly killed as Jihadist insurgents overrun hotel in Mozambique's Palma". Daily Maverick. Archived from the original on 27 March 2021. Retrieved 27 March 2021.
  10. ↑ Valoi, Estacio; Lister, Tim; Cotovio, Vasco; Curnow, Robyn (29 March 2021). "Foreigners and locals among dozens killed in Mozambique terror attack". CNN. Archived from the original on 29 March 2021. Retrieved 29 March 2021.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 "Islamic State claims deadly attack on northern Mozambique town". Reuters. 29 March 2021. Retrieved 29 March 2021.
  12. ↑ "Mozambique: Security situation in and around Palma remains uncertain as of March 29 /update 3". Garda. 29 March 2021. Retrieved 29 March 2021.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Iain Esau (31 March 2021). "Palma rocked by attacks as fighting continues in gas-rich Mozambique region". Upstream. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 "Mozambique: Part of the population, hidden in the woods, is returning to Palma". TVM. Club of Mozambique. 5 April 2021. Retrieved 6 April 2021.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 "Convoy of fleeing civilians ambushed in besieged Mozambique town". Reuters. 27 March 2021. Archived from the original on 27 March 2021. Retrieved 27 March 2021.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 Christina Goldbaum (27 March 2021). "Insurgents Seize Mozambique Town, Killing Several People; Fate of Hundreds Unknown". New York Times. Archived from the original on 28 March 2021. Retrieved 28 March 2021.
  17. ↑ "Islamist rebels kill dozens in attack on Mozambique gas project". The Times. 27 March 2021. Archived from the original on 27 March 2021. Retrieved 27 March 2021.
  18. ↑ 18.00 18.01 18.02 18.03 18.04 18.05 18.06 18.07 18.08 18.09 18.10 18.11 18.12 "South Africa mulls over rescue mission to Mozambique to evacuate trapped citizens". www.msn.com.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 "Over 180 people trapped in Mozambique hotel after ISIL attack". Al Jazeera English. 27 March 2021. Archived from the original on 27 March 2021. Retrieved 27 March 2021.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 Peter Fabricius (31 March 2021). "SA military company in insurgent combat zone, The Dyck Advisory Group, will not extend contract with Mozambique". Retrieved 1 April 2021.
  21. ↑ "Mozambique: several dead as insurgents seize control of town". TheGuardian.com. 27 March 2021. Archived from the original on 27 March 2021. Retrieved 27 March 2021.
  22. ↑ Presse, AFP-Agence France. "Jihadists Seize Northern Mozambique Town: Security Sources". www.barrons.com.
  23. ↑ "Militant group seizes northern Mozambique town, kills foreign worker". Daily Sabah. 27 March 2021. Archived from the original on 27 March 2021. Retrieved 27 March 2021.
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 24.3 "Mozambique: Thousands flee besieged Palma by boats". al Jazeera. 29 March 2021. Archived from the original on 30 March 2021. Retrieved 29 March 2021.
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 Kyla Herrmannsen; Catherine Byaruhanga (29 March 2021). "Mozambique: Dozens dead after militant assault on Palma". BBC. Archived from the original on 29 March 2021. Retrieved 29 March 2021.
  26. ↑ Lusa (29 March 2021). "Mozambique: Hundreds fleeing Palma attacks reach Tanzania border, call for help". Club of Mozambique. Archived from the original on 30 March 2021. Retrieved 29 March 2021.
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 27.2 Marcelo Mosse (29 March 2021). "Palma almost liberated… but terrorists received reinforcements and there is again fighting in the vicinity of the town". Club of Mozambique. Archived from the original on 30 March 2021. Retrieved 29 March 2021.
  28. ↑ "Mozambique jihadist attack survivors stranded around Palma". Enca. 30 March 2021. Archived from the original on 30 March 2021. Retrieved 31 March 2021.
  29. ↑ David McKenzie (30 March 2021). "Leader of mercenary group in Mozambique says that ISIS-linked insurgents hold Palma". CNN. Retrieved 31 March 2021.
  30. ↑ "Joy, agony as boat brings Mozambique attack survivors to safety". al Jazeera. 1 April 2021. Retrieved 2 April 2021.
  31. ↑ Tim Lister; Vasco Cotovio (30 March 2021). "The brutal attacks in Mozambique are a 'game-changer' and imperil a whole country's financial future". CNN. Retrieved 30 March 2021.
  32. ↑ "Portugal to send troops to Mozambique after brazen Palma attack by Islamic insurgents". France 24 (in Turanci). 30 March 2021. Retrieved 30 March 2021.
  33. ↑ "Brasil oferece apoio ao Governo moçambicano para combater terrorismo". CM. 29 March 2021. Archived from the original on 3 April 2021. Retrieved 2 April 2021.
  34. ↑ "South African among those killed in violence in northern Mozambique". News24. 27 March 2021. Archived from the original on 26 March 2021. Retrieved 27 March 2021.
  35. ↑ "Mozambique insurgency: Islamist militants 'ambush workers fleeing hotel'". BBC. 27 March 2021. Archived from the original on 27 March 2021. Retrieved 27 March 2021.
  36. ↑ "Mozambique: Family of British man missing after Palma attack say body found". BBC. 1 April 2021.
  37. ↑ "Several South Africans feared dead in attacks on Mozambique gas project". Times Live. 27 March 2021. Archived from the original on 27 March 2021. Retrieved 27 March 2021.
  38. ↑ "Mozambique: Rescue attempts jeopardized by racial discrimination following Palma attack – new survivors' testimony". www.amnesty.org. 13 May 2021. Retrieved 15 May 2021.


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