Yaƙin Philippeville
| ||||
| Iri |
faɗa Kisan Kiyashi | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bangare na | Yaƙin Aljeriya | |||
| Kwanan watan | 20 – 25 ga Augusta, 1955 | |||
| Wuri | Skikda | |||
| Ƙasa | Aljeriya | |||
Yakin Philippeville, wanda kuma aka fi sani da kisan kiyashi na Philippeville ko kuma harin watan Agusta, wani jerin hare-hare ne da aka kaddamar a ranar 20 ga watan Agustan shekarar 1955 a garuruwa da garuruwa daban-daban na yankin Constantine da 'yan ta'addar FLN da wasu 'yan tawaye ɗauke da makamai a lokacin yakin Aljeriya tsakanin Faransa da 'yan tawayen Aljeriya. Hare-haren, wanda akasari ya ɗauki nauyin tarzomar ƙabilanci, ya yi sanadin kisan kiyashin da aka yi wa ɗimbin mazauna Turai, da aka fi sani da pieds-Noirs. Kisan gilla ya biyo bayan ramuwar gayya daga sojojin Faransa da 'yan banga na pied-noir, wanda ya yi sanadin mutuwar musulmin Aljeriya dubu da dama. Abubuwan da suka faru a ƙarshen watan Agustan 1955 a yankin Constantinois ana ɗaukar su a matsayin wani babban sauyi na yakin Aljeriya.[1][2]
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Yaƙin Aljeriya ya fara ne a ranar 1 ga watan Nuwamba 1954, lokacin da FLN ta ƙaddamar da "Hare-hare masu ban mamaki". Rikicin ya ƙaru da sauri, kamar yadda ya nuna ta bakin Ministan Harkokin Cikin Gida na Socialist François Mitterrand: "Ba zan yarda in yi shawarwari tare da abokan gaba na mahaifar gida ba. Tattaunawa kawai shine yaki!" Faransawa sun ɗau matakin da ya dace a Aljeriya, kuma a farkon watan Maris 1955, gwamnatin Faransa ta Firayim Minista Pierre Mendès Faransa ta maye gurbin Edgar Faure.
A lokacin bazara na shekarar 1955, matsananciyar matsin lamba na adawa da Faransa ya sanya FLN cikin mawuyacin hali. Ɗaya daga cikin sassan FLN ne kawai, Wilaya II, ya iya hawa kowane irin mugun abu. Shahararriyar goyon bayan FLN ya yi kaɗan kuma da yawa daga cikin manyan musulmin Aljeriya sun yi kira da a warware rikicin cikin lumana ta hanyar yarjejeniyar sulhu da gwamnatin Faransa.
Don sanya FLN a cikin wani matsayi mai karfi, Youcef Zighoud, shugaban Wilaya II, ya yanke shawarar kai hari kan fararen hular pied-noir a Aljeriya kuma ya yi fatan cewa ramuwar gayya ta Faransa za ta karya alakar da ke tsakanin 'yan mulkin mallaka na Faransa da 'yan asalin Aljeriya, ƙara yawan goyon bayan tawaye ga tawaye da kuma lalata duk wani yiwuwar sulhu na rikici. [3]
Sojojin Faransa sun sami labarin tsare-tsaren Zighoud lokacin da ɗaya daga cikin masu ba da labari na Janar Paul Aussaresses, Balarabe mai yin burodi a Philippeville, ya shaida wa Aussaresses cewa ya saɓa sayar da buhun gari guda a kowane kwana uku amma a yanzu yana sayar da tan biyu na gari a kowace rana ga mazajen da bai sani ba kuma suna biyan kuɗi kawai. [4] Hakan ya sa Ausaresses ta fahimci cewa ƙaruwar tallace-tallacen gari dole ne ya kasance saboda FLN tana tattara maza a cikin tsaunukan da ke sama da Philippeville, wanda hakan na iya nufin kawai za a fara aiki nan ba da jimawa ba. [4]
harin FLN
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A ranar 20 ga watan Agusta 1955, 'yan FLN ɗari ɗari sun taru da ɗimbin jama'a na farar hula musulmi dubu da dama, waɗanda dalilai na addini da ƙiyayyar launin fata suka rinjaye su. [5] An yaɗa jita-jita na ƙarya game da saukar jirgin da sojojin Masar suka yi, [6] [7] kuma an karkatar da kungiyoyin musulmi zuwa matsuguni daban-daban a cikin Constantinois a lokacin wani jerin hare-hare tare da haɗin gwiwa.
Harin da aka kai wa Philippeville
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An kai babban harin kan birnin Philippeville, wanda a yanzu ake kira Skikda. Wani babban gungun dubban fararen hula, ƙarƙashin jagorancin 'yan kungiyar FLN, sun kaddamar da wani hari na gama-gari a birnin da nufin kai hari ga Turawa da musulmi masu matsakaicin ra'ayi [7] da kuma karɓe makaman ofishin 'yan sanda. Rabin masu tayar da kayar baya ne kawai ke ɗauke da makamai, sauran kuma na ɗauke da kayan aikin noma, wukake ko na'urar bama-bamai. Yayin da ’yan ta’addan suka isa birnin, an kashe Turawa a kan tituna da suka gani. Sai dai martanin jami'an 'yan sanda da sojojin Faransa sun yi gaggawar ɗaukar matakin, kuma ba da daɗewa ba aka yi nasarar fatattakar 'yan tada ƙayar bayan da aka kashe 'yan sanda 14 a yayin farmakin. [8] Da aka kawo ƙarshen harin, an gano gawarwakin mahara sama da 100 a kan tituna, tare da kama wasu da dama daga hannun dakarun Faransa. [8]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Alcaraz, Emmanuel (2021). Histoire de l'Algérie et de ses mémoires: Des Orignies au Hirak (in Faransanci). Karthala Editions. ISBN 978-2-8111-2359-8.
- ↑ Prakash, Amit (2022). Empire on the Seine: The Policing of North Africans in Paris, 1925–1975 (in Turanci). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-265425-0.
- ↑ de Jaeghere 2001.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Brass, Martin (November 2001). "Torture to Prevent Terrorism? Interview with a French Master Torturer". Military.com. Retrieved 2016-10-25.
- ↑ Empty citation (help)
- ↑ Créspo 2019.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Harbi 1984.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Sévilla 2018.