Yaƙin Rooiwal

Yaƙin Rooiwal

25°33′05″S 28°12′11″E
Iri	faɗa
Bangare na	Second Boer War (en)
Kwanan watan	11 ga Afirilu, 1902
Participant (en)	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

Yaƙin Rooiwal yaƙin Boer na Biyu ne. Hakan ya faru ne a ranar 11 ga watan Afrilun 1902 kuma ya haifar da nasara da sojojin Burtaniya ƙarƙashin jagorancin Kanar Robert Kekewich a kan wani kwamandan Boer ƙarƙashin jagorancin Janar Ferdinandus Jacobus Potgieter da Jan Kemp.

Matakin ya kunshi wani harin Boer akan doki a kan wani gindin tudun Birtaniyya a cikin kwarin Rooiwal, kusa da Klerksdorp a yammacin Transvaal. Boers sun yi ƙoƙari su fita daga wani zagaye na Biritaniya. An fatattaki harin nasu kan wasu kashe-kashe da aka yi wa Boers.

Wannan shi ne ƙarshen yaƙin a yammacin Transvaal da kuma babban yaƙi na ƙarshe na Yaƙin Anglo-Boer.

Tarihi - yaƙin a Yammacin Transvaal

A shekara ta 1902, akwai kusan 3,000 Boer guerrillas aiki a Western Transvaal. Akwai kwamandojin Boer guda uku daban-daban a ƙarƙashin cikakken umarnin De La Rey. A wannan lokacin, yawancin mayakan Boer sun miƙa wuya kuma wasu suna aiki ga Birtaniya a matsayin National Scouts. Waɗanda suka rage a fagen ana kiransu, 'bitter-einders' (Afrikaans don mayaka zuwa ƙarshen ɗaci, da diehards). Halin da suke ciki ya yi matukar wahala domin turawan Ingila sun kwashe kayan abinci da kayan masarufi kuma sun kona gonaki da gidajen Boer bisa tsari don hana mafakar mayakan. Duk da haka, mutanen De La Rey sun sami damar wadata kansu da makamai, abinci da tufafi waɗanda suka kama daga hannun Birtaniya.

Har ila yau, sun kasance abokan gaba mai haɗari kuma a lokuta da dama sun ci nasara a kan sojojin Birtaniya. A ranar 24 ga watan Fabrairun 1902, alal misali, sun lalata wani shafi na Burtaniya a Yser Spruit kuma a ranar 7 ga watan Maris sun kama wani Janar na Birtaniyya (Lord Methuen) da bindigogin filaye guda shida a Tweebosch, bayan ya bi umarninsa. Ɗayan dalili na ci gaba da nasarar Boers shine rashin ingancin wasu sojojin Birtaniya a gidan wasan kwaikwayo. Herbert Kitchener yana da dakaru sama da 16,000 da ke aiki a Yammacin Transvaal, amma yawancinsu ba na yau da kullun ba ne, amma rashin horar da Imperial Yeomanry.

Dabarar Kitchener na kawo ƙarshen yakin shine gina katafaren gidaje a faɗin veld da kuma dora 'drives' ko sharewar karkara tare da ginshikan wayar hannu. Na farko irin wannan share fage a cikin bazara na shekarar 1902 ya kasance daga 23 ga watan Maris zuwa 30 ga watan Maris, amma ya haifar da ƴan sakamako dangane da lalata kwamandojin Boer. Tabbas, sojojin Burtaniya sun sha wahala a baya a Boschbult, inda suka kashe mutane 178.

Motar Hamilton

A ranar 6 ga watan Afrilu, Kitchener ya sanya Kanar Ian Hamilton a matsayin kwamandan wani tuƙi don ƙoƙarin kama mayakan De La Rey. Shirin shine 'matsi' ga Boers a kan ginshiƙan wayar hannu ta Biritaniya da layin katangar gidaje da wuraren aiki a Klerksdorp. Colonel Robert Kekewich, wanda ke jagorantar ɗaya daga cikin ginshiƙan Kitchener, ya haƙa a Rooiwal don ƙarfafa gefen hagunsa. Bayan da aka yi kuskure ya yi karo da wani ginshiƙin Biritaniya a ƙarƙashin Kanar Henry Rawlinson, Hamilton ya umarci Kekewich da ya ci gaba zuwa Rooiwal, inda ya isa ranar 10 ga watan Afrilu. Wannan canji na shirin ya zama abin sa'a ga Burtaniya, saboda Boers sun yi la'akari da matsayin Rooiwal a baya kuma sun ga an kare shi da rauni. An haƙa a gefen tudu a Rooiwal kusan sojoji 3,000 ne da aka ɗaure, da bindigogin fili guda 6 da pom pom 2.

Yakin

Kwamandan Potgieter ya bazu a cikin ciyawa mai nisan mita 27 daga layin Burtaniya, bayan yakin Rooiwal a ranar 11 ga Afrilu 1902. Shi da mutanensa 50 sun mutu suna cajin layin Burtaniya akan doki.

Boers, duk da haka, ba su san da tura Birtaniyya ba kuma har yanzu sun yi imanin cewa Rooiwal ya kasance a cikin sauƙi kawai. Ɗaya daga cikin kwamandojin su, ƙarƙashin kwamandan Potgieter da Janar Kemp, don haka ya yi kokarin mamaye matsayin Birtaniyya da sanyin safiyar ranar 11 ga watan Afrilu, a kokarin tserewa 'drive' na Hamilton. Potgieter yana da kusan mazaje 1,700, dukkansu ƴan bindiga ne.

Da misalin karfe 7:15 na safe ranar 11 ga watan Afrilu, sun tuhumi matsayin Burtaniya a kan doki, suna harbi daga sirdi. Wani jirgin Biritaniya na dakaru 40 da ya hau kan ƙasa ya wuce gona da iri, inda ya kashe mutane 20. Matsayin Kekewich ya kasance mai karfi, amma ganin cajin Boers ya tsoratar da wasu daga cikin sojojin Birtaniya da ba su da kwarewa kuma da yawa daga cikin sojojin Yeoman sun gudu daga wurin yakin kuma ba a dakatar da su ba har sai da suka yi nisan mil mil daga yakin. Wani Laftanar Carlos Hickie ya yi nasarar dakatar da tarzoma tare da cakude da roko da barazana. Bugu da ƙari, da yawa daga cikin jami'an Burtaniya na yau da kullum da ke wurin sun yi matukar suka ga harbin 'daji' da aka yi wa mutanensu.

Duk da haka, an dakatar da cajin Boer kimanin mita 30 daga layin Birtaniya ta hanyar bindigogi da bindigogi. An kashe Boers 50 tare da jikkata wasu. Daga cikin waɗanda suka mutu har da Potgieter, sanye da wata babbar riga mai shuɗi. Daga baya Kekewich yayi sharhi cewa, 'kamfani ɗaya mai kyau na sojoji zai iya kashe Boers 300'. Boers da suka tsira sun yi kyakkyawan ja da baya. Gobarar Boer, wacce aka ceto daga sirdi, ta yi sanadiyar mutuwar mutane kusan 50 a layin Burtaniya.

Ian Hamilton da Rawlinson sun isa wurin a daidai lokacin da ake kawo karshen fadan. Duk da haka, Hamilton ya jinkirta bin Boers da aka doke saboda yana tsoron cewa ja da baya yaudara ce kuma mutanensa za su faɗa cikin harin Boer. Da misalin karfe 9:45, ko mintuna 90 bayan da aka kori karar Boer, Hamilton ya aika da sojojinsa da ke ɗaure don bin abokan gaba. Sun kama Boers 50 kuma sun sake kama makaman da aka rasa a Tweebosch.

Kitchener ya ba da umarni cewa a harbe Boers da aka kama sanye da kayan Birtaniyya. Duk da haka, ko da yake wasu Boers da suka ji rauni sun kasance sanye da khaki na Birtaniya da aka kama, Hamilton ya ba da umarnin a kare su.

Bayan haka

Yakin ya kasance koma baya ga ‘yan Boers, amma hasarar da suka yi bai yi kaɗan ba, kuma galibin mayakan nasu sun tsallake rijiya da baya. Ko ta yaya dai, tattaunawar sulhu don kawo ƙarshen yakin ta riga ta yi gaba. Sun fara ranar 19 ga watan Mayu a Pretoria. De La Rey, kwamandan Boers a Yammacin Transvaal yana ɗaya daga cikin masu sasantawar Boer.

Bayanan kula

• Pakenham, Thomas (1979). The Boer War. Cardinal. ISBN 0-7474-0976-5.
• Doyle, Arthur Conan (1930). The Great Boer War. London: George Bell & sons.