Yaƙin Segheneyti
| Iri | faɗa |
|---|---|
| Bangare na | Yaƙin Italiya da Habasha na 1887-1889 |
| Kwanan watan | 8 ga Augusta, 1888 |
| Wuri |
Segeneiti (en)  |
Yaƙin Segheneyti, ko Saganèiti,[1] ɗan ƙaramin rikici ne da aka yi a ranar 8 ga watan Agusta, 1888 [2] tsakanin sojojin Masarautar Italiya da rashin bin ka'ida na Abyssiniya zuwa ƙarshen Yaƙin Italo da Habasha na 1887-1889.[3][4] Yaƙin ya haifar da lalata abubuwan haɗin Italiya da aka tura zuwa Segheneyti.[5][6][7]
Yaƙi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin watan Yulin 1888 sojojin Janar Antonio Baldissera suka fara aiki don faɗaɗa mallakar Italiya a Eritrea, tun daga Massawa da aka rigaya suka samu suka kai hari kan garuruwan Keren da Asmara. A wannan lokaci Italiyawa sun fuskanci matsalar wani shugaban gida, Debeb, wanda ke kusa da Ras Alula kuma a baya yana hidima. Debeb da barasa sun gudu a cikin watan Maris 1888, bayan da sojojin Janar San Marzano suka jagoranci hare-hare a kan ƙabilun da suka miƙa wuya ga Italiyawa.[8]
Aikin kama Debeb tare da tarwatsa ƙungiyarsa, Baldissera ne ya damka wa kyaftin Cornacchia, wanda ya jagoranci tawagar 'Bashi-bazouk' 400, 300 na cikin gida da kuma jami'an Italiya huɗu. [9] Tawagar ta tashi daga Ua-a a ranar 4 ga watan Agusta 1889, zuwa ƙauyen Segeneiti, inda, a cewar 'yan leƙen asirin, sansanin Debeb ya kasance.
Harin da aka kai Debeb ya kamata ya zama abin mamaki, amma wannan shiri ya faskara saboda an ɗauki tsawon lokaci fiye da yadda ake tsammani kafin sojojin Italiya su isa Segheneyti, lamarin da ya baiwa sojojin Habasha isasshen lokaci domin a sanar da su harin.[10] Lokacin da sojojin Italiya suka isa a ranar 8 ga watan Agusta, 1888, sojojin Italiya sun mamaye Segheneyti, amma ba a sami Debeb a wurin ba, saboda an yi musu gargaɗi cikin lokaci, kuma ya gudu daga ƙauyen ya tsaya tare da sojojinsa a kan tudu. Daga nan ne manyan dakarun Debeb suka yi kwanton ɓauna a ginshiƙin Masarautar; Bayan kashe kyaftin ɗin da wasu jami'an Italiya, rundunar ta tarwatsa ta kuma koma Massawa, inda ta kashe kimanin mutane 200 a filin yaƙin.
Bayan haka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Cin kashi, ko da yake qanana, ya jawo suka sosai ga Baldissera; A martanin da ya mayar, Janar ɗin ya yi murabus, wanda firaminista Francesco Crispi ya ki amincewa da shi, wanda ya sake tabbatar da amincewarsa ga aikin Janar ɗin. "An kafa ruƙuni na farko na soja a watan Oktoba 1888, bayan débacle na basci-buzuk a Saganeiti, wanda aka gani kusan a matsayin Dogali na biyu, inda duk jami'an Italiya suka mutu yayin da 800 na rashin bin doka suka gudu, sai mutanen Debeb suka kashe kusan ɗari uku."[11]
A cikin sojojin Italiya, an ɗauki wannan rikici a matsayin "kisan kiyashi" - yayin da yawancin sojojin da ba a saba da su ba (wanda ake kira basci-buzuk ) sun gudu, an kashe duk jami'an Italiya. Rashin nasarar da aka yi a Segheyneyti ya sa umarnin Italiya su sake fasalin rundunar sojojinsu - a watan Oktoba 1888, an kafa rukunin farko na soja don maye gurbin basci-buzuk . [12] Bayan sojojin Italiya sun kama Segheneyti daga baya a cikin 1888, an lalata majami'ar 'yan Koftik a Segheneyti kuma an kafa sabon Katolika a wurinsa don girmama Cornacchia.[1]
Yaƙin ya yi tasiri sosai ga dabarun Italiya a Habasha da kuma yadda yake tunkarar sojojin ƴan asalin ƙasar. A farkon 1888, umarnin Italiyawa ya yaba da sojojin 'yan asalin a matsayin mayakan da za su iya "gudanar wasu dubban kilomita ba tare da ruwa, abinci ko hutawa ba, cewa za su iya rayuwa a kan 'fistful' na alkama a kowace rana, kuma suna da alhakin samar da nasu". Italiya za ta ci gaba da ƙara dogaro ga sojojin ƙasar da ba bisa ka'ida ba, kuma ta tura sojojin Italiya zuwa Turai. Kashin da aka yi a Segheneyti ya tilastawa Italiya sake duba dabarunta. Da farko dai al'ummar Italiya sun dora alhakin shan kashi a kan mayakan 'yan asalin kasar da kansu, inda jaridun Italiya suka yi Allah wadai da sojojin 'yan asalin a matsayin marasa aminci da mayaudari. Duk da haka, kwamandojin Italiya sun ba da hujjar cewa "dakarun 'yan asalin da aka aika zuwa Saganeiti sun nuna niyyar yin yaki muddin jami'an Italiya suna raye". Tun daga wannan lokacin, an sake gyara sojojin ƙasar don su kasance masu tsari da ingantattun kayan aiki, kuma sun bi horon jagorancin Italiya; A ƙarshe, an ba su ƙarin jami'an Italiya. [13]
Jami'an Italiya da suka mutu a Segheneyti
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Kyaftin Tullio Cornacchia
- Laftanar Marcello Brero
- Laftanar Umberto Poli
- Lieutenant Giulio Viganò
- Laftanar Virginio Virgini
Dukkanin jami'ai biyar an yi musu ado da lambar yabo ta Azurfa ta Ƙarfin Soja
Duba kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Comaron, Giorgia. Tracce di pittura etiopica nelle pubblicazioni ed esposizioni dell'Italia colonialista: spunti di riflessione (in Italiyanci). Università degli Studi di Padova. p. 81.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedRuggeri - ↑ CAULK, R.— 1984 "Bad Men of the Borders: ‘Shum' and ‘Shifta' in Northern Ethiopia in the Nineteenth Century", The Journal of African Historical Studies 2 (17): 201-227.
- ↑ NEGASH, T.— 1984 "Resistance and Collaboration in Eritrea", in S. RUBENSON (ed.), Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference of Ethiopian Studies (Addis Ababa: Institute of Ethiopian Studies; East Lansing: African Studies Center, Michigan State University): 315-325.
- ↑ BATTAGLIA, R. — 1958 La prima guerra d'Africa (Torino: Einaudi): 342-345
- ↑ G. N. Sanderson (1969). "Conflict and Co-Operation Between Ethiopia and the Mahdist State, 1884-1898". Sudan Notes and Records. University of Khartoum. 50 (1): 27.
- ↑ (BATTAGLIA 1958: 342-345)
- ↑ Bruner, S. (2014). Conflicting obituaries: The Abyssinian ‘outlaw’ Debeb as treacherous bandit and romantic hero in late nineteenth-century Italian imagination. Modern Italy, 19(4), 405-419. doi:10.1080/13532944.2014.939164
- ↑ "Storia Coloniale: Anni 1890-1891, Parte Prima" (in Italiyanci). Archived from the original on 3 June 2010.
- ↑ Bruner, Stephen C. (2017). Late Nineteenth-Century Italy in Africa: The Livraghi Affair and the Waning of Civilizing Aspirations. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 75. ISBN 978-1-4438-4376-8.
- ↑ The Seen, the Unseen, the Invented Misrepresentations of African "Otherness" in the Making of a Colony. Eritrea, 1885-1896, Silvana Palma, p. 39-69, https://doi.org/10.4000/etudesafricaines.14887
- ↑ Palma, Silvana (2005). "The Seen, the Unseen, the Invented: Misrepresentations of African "Otherness" in the Making of a Colony. Eritrea, 1885-1896". Varia. 177: 39–69. doi:10.4000/etudesafricaines.14887. ISBN 978-2-7132-2047-0.
- ↑ Bruner, Stephen C. (2014). "'At Least So Long As We Are Talking About Marching, the Inferior Is Not the Black, It's the White': Italian Debate over the Use of Indigenous Troops in the Scramble for Africa". European History Quarterly. 44 (1): 33–54. doi:10.1177/0265691413513421.