Yaƙin Shire (1936)
 | |
| Iri | faɗa |
|---|---|
| Bangare na | Yaƙin Italiya da Habasha na Biyu |
| Kwanan watan | 29 ga Faburairu, – 2 ga Maris, 1936 |
| Wuri |
Shire (en)  |
Yaƙin Shire (Italiya: Battaglia dello Shirè) an yi shi ne a gaban arewacin abin da aka fi sani da Yaƙin Italo-Abyssiniya na Biyu. Wannan yaƙin ya ƙunshi hare-hare da kai hare-hare daga sojojin Italiya ƙarƙashin Marshal na Italiya Pietro Badoglio da sojojin Habasha ƙarƙashin Imru Haile Selassie. An yi wannan yakin ne a yankin Shire na ƙasar Habasha.
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A ranar 3 ga watan Oktoban shekarar 1935, Janar Emilio De Bono ya shiga Habasha daga Eritrea ba tare da ayyana yaƙi ba. De Bono yana da dakaru kusan 100,000 na Italiya da kuma sojojin Eritrea 25,000 don tunkarar Addis Ababa. A watan Disamba, bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci na rashin aiki da ƙananan koma baya ga Italiya, De Bono ya maye gurbinsa da Badoglio.
Sarkin sarakuna Haile Selassie I ya ƙaddamar da harin Kirsimeti a ƙarshen shekara don gwada Badoglio. Na ɗan lokaci kaɗan, shirin ya koma Habasha.
Shiri
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]_it.svg)
A farkon watan Janairun shekara ta 1936, sojojin Habasha suna cikin tuddai a ko'ina suna kallon matsayin Italiya tare da kai musu hare-hare akai-akai. Ɗan mulkin kama-karya na Italiya, Benito Mussolini, ya kasa haƙura da harin Italiyan da aka fara kai wa, da kuma kwace Habashawa daga filin dagar. Da yake mayar da martani ga gargaɗin da ya yi akai-akai, Badoglio ya ce Mussolini: “Ya kasance dokata koyaushe in kasance da himma wajen yin shiri domin in hanzarta yin aiki.”[1] A tsakiyar watan Janairu na shekara ta 1936, Badoglio ya shirya don sabunta ci gaba a babban birnin Habasha. Badoglio ya mamaye rundunonin mayaƙan Habasha marasa lafiya da ba su da haɗin kai da gas ɗin mustard, tankuna, da manyan bindigogi.[2]
Habashawa da ke fuskantar Italiya sun kasance ruƙuni uku. A tsakiyar, kusa da Abiy Addi da kuma gefen kogin Beles a Tembien, akwai Ras Kassa Haile Darge tare da mutane kusan 40,000 da Ras Seyum Mangasha tare da mutane kimanin 30,000. A gefen dama na Habasha Ras Mulugeta Yeggazu tare da sojojinsa kusan 80,000 ne a saman Amba Aradam. Ras Imru Haile Selassie tare da mutane kusan 40,000 suna gefen hagu na Habasha a yankin Seleh Leha da Shire.[3]
Badoglio yana da sojoji biyar a hannunsa. A gefen damansa, yana da rundunar sojojin Italiya ta IV da kuma Itali II Corps suna fuskantar Ras Imru a cikin Shire. A tsakiyar Italiya akwai Rundunar Eritrea da ke fuskantar Ras Kassa da Ras Seyoum a Tembien. Fuskantar Ras Mulugeta a saman Amba Aradam shine I Corps na Italiya da Italiya III Corps.[3]
Da farko Badoglio ya ga halakar sojojin Ras Mulugeta a matsayin fifikonsa na farko. Dole ne a kori rundunar Ras Mulugeta daga kakkarfan matsugunin da ke kan Amba Aradam domin Italiya ta ci gaba da tunkarar Addis Ababa. Amma Ras Kassa da Ras Seyoum suna matsin lamba daga Tembien har Badoglio ya yanke shawarar cewa sai ya fara tuntuɓar su. Idan cibiyar Habasha ta yi nasara, I Corps da III Corps da ke fuskantar Ras Mulugeta za a katse daga ƙarfafawa da sake samarwa.
Daga ranar 20 ga watan Janairu zuwa 24 ga watan Janairu, an yi yaƙin farko na Tembien. Sakamakon wannan yakin bai kai ga cimma ruwa ba, amma an kawar da barazanar da Ras Kasa ya yi wa rundunar I Corps da III.[3]
Daga ranar 10 ga watan Fabrairu zuwa 19 ga watan Fabrairu, an yi yakin Amba Aradam. Sakamakon wannan yakin shi ne gagarumin nasarar Italiya da kuma halakar da sojojin Ras Mulugeta.[3]
Daga ranar 27 ga watan Fabrairu zuwa 29 ga watan Fabrairu, an yi yakin Tembien na biyu. Sakamakon wannan yakin shi ne gagarumin nasarar Italiya da kuma halakar da sojojin Ras Kassa da Ras Seyoum.[3]
Yaƙi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Ras Imru ba shi da masaniya game da yaƙe-yaƙen da ake yi a yammacinsa. Saƙonnin da aka bi ta garin Gonder sun ɗauki kimanin kwanaki goma sha ɗaya kafin su iso gare shi.[4] A ranar 29 ga watan Fabrairu, Badoglio ya ƙaddamar da yakin Shire ta hanyar amfani da Italiya II Corps da Italiya IV Corps. Amma, bayan cin kashin da Ras Kassa da Ras Seyoum suka yi, Ras Imru ya riga ya yanke shawarar janyewa daga tarko.[5]
Rundunar ta II ta ci gaba daga Axum zuwa wani yanki mai nisan mil 30 kudu da garin inda aka san dakarun Ras Imru suna gudanar da ayyukansu. A lokaci guda kuma, rundunar ta IV ta koma kudu daga kan iyakar Eritrea a gefen hagu na Ras Imru. Ƙasar da sojojin biyu suka bi ta kasance mai ƙaƙƙarfan yanayi kuma ba ta da kyau da ƴan hanyoyi. A wani lokaci an kai wa rundunar ta II hari ba zato ba tsammani yayin da aka kori sassanta gaba ɗaya kan hanya ɗaya. An tilasta musu su yi yaƙi a cikin wuraren da aka saba da su na ƙananan yara kuma Habashawa sun kori ne kawai lokacin da aka kawo cikakken nauyin manyan bindigogi da kuma Royal Italian Air Force (Regia Aeronautica Italia). Daga nan sai Italiyawa suka kafa wuraren tsaro da yawa don ɓacin ran Badoglio.[5]
A ranar 2 ga watan Maris, ci gaban rundunar ta II ta sake farawa amma an dakatar da ita a wannan rana lokacin da suka shiga cikin masu tsaron baya na Ras Imru. A lokacin da aka shirya makaman atilari da na sama washegari, Habashawa sun tafi. Rundunar ta II ko ta IV ba ta yi nasarar rufe tarkon da aka yi wa Ras Imru ba, kuma ga dukkan alamu, yakin Shire ya ƙare a hukumance, yayin da sojojinsa suka ja da baya don haɗa kai da Haile Selassie.[5]
Sojojin Ras Imru sun janye daga fagen fama ba da gaske ba. Kwatankwacin irin ɓarnar da ya yi da ɓarnar da ya yi ya fi yadda ake yi a yankin arewa. Habashawa da ke cikin Shire sun raunata kusan huɗu ga kowane ɗan Italiya da ya yi rauni. Duk da yake yana da tsada, wannan ya fi na Habasha goma da aka yi wa asarar rai ga Italiya guda ɗaya da aka yi tsammani a wani wuri na arewacin ƙasar.[5]