Yaƙin Stormberg
 | ||||
| ||||
| Iri | faɗa | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bangare na |
Second Boer War (en)  | |||
| Kwanan watan | 10 Disamba 1899 | |||
| Wuri | Gundumar Chris Hani | |||
| Ƙasa | Afirka ta kudu | |||
| Participant (en) | ||||
Yaƙin Stormberg wani hari ne na Birtaniyya akan Junction Stormberg a ranar 10 ga watan Disamba 1899.[1] A lokacin, Boers sun mallaki Molteno da kuma tuddai a kusa da Stormberg Junction, a matsayin wani ɓangare na mamayewar Cape Colony. William Gatacre, babban kwamandan sojoji a Cape Midlands, ya yanke shawarar korar Boers daga matsayinsu domin tabbatar da layin dogo wanda Lord Methuen ya ba da babban machin a Kimberley.[2] Saboda rashin nasarar tafiyar dare da wani mummunan harin da aka kai, Boers sun fatattaki sojojin Birtaniya, tare da Fusiliers na Northumberland sun sha wahala sosai.[1]
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Lokacin da Birtaniyya ta fara tsara shirin yaƙi da jamhuriyar Boer, an yi niyya ne cewa Runduna ta 3 da Manjo Janar William Forbes Gatacre ya ba da umarni za ta tabbatar da yankin da ake kira Cape Midlands, nan da nan kudu da Jihar Orange Free, a shirye-shiryen ci gaba a hanyar jirgin ƙasa da ke gudana daga Cape Town zuwa Bloemfontein. A cikin al'amarin, yawancin sojojin ƙungiyar dole ne a karkatar da su zuwa Natal bayan bala'o'i da zasu fuskanta a can, kuma rage karfin Gatacre ya isa a makare. A lokacin da suke shirye su ɗauki filin, Boers daga Orange Free State sun riga sun kwace muhimmin tashar jirgin ƙasa na Stormberg.
Gatacre ya ji labarin asarar Stormberg a ranar 8 ga watan Disamba a Graaff Reinet. Ya kuduri aniyar kai ɗauki cikin gaggawa domin kwato wurin. Rundunar 3,000 za a kai ta jirgin ƙasa zuwa Molteno, tashar jirgin ƙasa mafi kusa da Stormberg har yanzu a hannun Birtaniyya, kuma a yi tafiya da dare don kai hari kan wani tudu da aka sani da Kissieberg, wanda ya mamaye matsayin Boers. Rundunar ta kunshi Bataliya ta 2, da Northumberland Fusiliers (maza 960), Bataliya ta 2, Royal Irish Rifles, (maza 840), batura na 74 da 77 na Royal Field Artillery da 250 da ke hawa na bataliyar da aka ware daga bataliyoyin soja daban-daban. Sauran runduna (ciki har da Bataliya ta 1, Royal Berkshire Regiment) waɗanda aka yi niyyar shiga rundunar sun kasa isowa saboda ba a aika odar telegraph ba.[3]
Babu lokacin bincike, kuma an yi gaggawar shirye-shirye. Washegari da sanyin safiyar ranar ne sojojin Birtaniya suka shiga cikin jiragen ƙasa cikin gaggawa, amma sai suka zauna na tsawon sa'o'i a ƙarƙashin rana mai zafi yayin da aka gano motocin hawa. Sun riga sun gaji lokacin da suka isa Molteno, don tafiya tafiya cikin dare tare da kafaffen bayonets bayan cin abinci na gaggawa da kuma hutawa kaɗan. Jagororin Gatacre na cikin gida sun ɓace ba da daɗewa ba, kuma ƙarfin yana yawo a cikin veld duk dare.[3]
Yaƙi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Yayin da gari ya waye, a ƙarshe Turawan mulkin mallaka sun zo gaban Kissieberg. Wata ƙaramar bindigar Boer ɗauke da bindigar Krupp mai girman 75mm a ƙarƙashin Sajan Hendrik Muller na Rundunar Sojojin Free State, ya buɗe wuta. Ko da yake rundunar Gatacre kawai ta zagaya tudun ne don tilasta wa Boers ja da baya, kusan rabin sojojin sun yi gaba ba tare da an umarce su ba. Sun gano cewa tsaunin kopje ne na yau da kullum, wanda aka yi masa ringi da fuskar dutse a tsaye, wanda galibinsu suka kasa hawa. Wasu ‘yan sojoji ne suka yi sama-da-fadi, sai dai bindigu na Birtaniyya suka yi awon gaba da su da suka fara aiki da fitowar rana a idanun ‘yan bindigar.[4]
Babban kwamandan na Northumberland Fusiliers ya ɗauki kansa don ba da umarnin ja da baya, kuma yawancin sojojin Gatacre sun fara komawa cikin ruɗani. Gatacre ya ba da umarnin komawa Molteno. Motsin Boer ƙarfafa sun bayyana kuma sun kai hari daga ɓangarorin biyu. Ja da baya na sojojin Biritaniya da suka gaji ya kasance tare da sojojin da ke hawa da bindigogi, ko da yake an yi asarar bindigogi biyu masu nauyin kilo 15. Har sai da suka isa Molteno, Gatacre ya gane cewa an bar mutane fiye da 600 a Kissieberg. Ba tare da bege ba, an tilasta musu miƙa wuya.[5]
Bayan haka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]‘Yan tawayen Free State Boers da ‘yan tawayen yankin sun yi tafiyar hawainiya wajen cin gajiyar nasarar Gatacre. A lokacin da suka yi haka, sojojin Burtaniya sun iso, kuma yankin yana da tsaro.
Duk da cewa Janar Sir Redvers Buller, Babban Kwamandan Birtaniya a Afirka ta Kudu, ya bayyana rashin nasara a bainar jama'a, kuma an kuma nuna cewa jagororinsa sun yi ha'inci, sojoji da masu sharhi da yawa sun zargi Gatacre da shan kashi. An san shi da ayyukan rashin natsuwa da kuma sanya maƙiyan da ba a buƙata da kuma aiki a kan sojojinsa.[1] Ya kasance a matsayin kwamandan runduna ta 3 da ke ƙasa da ƙasa, amma bayan Janar Lord Roberts ya maye gurbin Buller a matsayin Babban Kwamandan, sai ya kasance a gefe zuwa wasu sana'o'i da ayyukan "mopping-up". A ƙarshe ya sami sassauci daga umurnin bayan ya kasa ceton Royal Irish Rifles da suka miƙa wuya ga Orange Free State Commandant-Janar Christiaan de Wet bayan wani hari a Reddersburg a ranar 3 ga watan Afrilu 1900.[6]
Duba kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Tarihin soja na Afirka ta Kudu
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Tushen da aka buga
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Sir Arthur Conan Doyle (1917). A History of The Great War (Chapter 10 - The Battle of Stormberg). George H. Doran company.
- Rayne Kruger (1964). Goodbye Dolly Grey: Story of the Boer War. New English Library. ISBN 0-7126-6285-5.
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- "Battle of Stormberg — The Boer War". britishbattles.com. 2007. Archived from the original on 24 May 2008. Retrieved 2008-06-21.