Yaƙin farko na Tembien
| Iri | faɗa |
|---|---|
| Bangare na | Yaƙin Italiya da Habasha na Biyu |
| Kwanan watan | 20 – 24 ga Janairu, 1936 |
Yaƙin farko na Tembien an yi shi ne a gaban arewa wanda aka fi sani da Yaƙin Italo da Habasha na Biyu Wannan yakin ya kunshi hare-hare da tunkarar dakarun Italiya ƙarƙashin Marshal Pietro Badoglio da na Habasha karkashin <i id="mwEw">Ras</i> [ nb 1 ] Kassa Haile Darge. An yi wannan yaƙi da farko a kewayen Worsege Pass (Italiya: Passo Uarieu) a cikin lardin Tembien na Habasha.
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A ranar 3 ga watan Oktoban 1935, Janar Emilio De Bono ya shiga Habasha daga Eritrea ba tare da ayyana yaki ba. De Bono yana da dakaru kusan 100,000 na Italiya da kuma sojojin Eritrea 25,000 don tunkarar Addis Ababa. A watan Disamba, bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci na rashin aiki da ƙananan koma baya ga Italiya, De Bono ya maye gurbinsa da Badoglio.[1]
Haile Selassie ya kaddamar da harin Kirsimeti a ƙarshen shekara don gwada Badoglio. Da farko an yi nasara, makasuɗin wannan harin sun kasance masu tsananin buri.
Yayin da ci gaban "Kirsimeti na Kirsimeti" ya ragu, Italiya na shirin sabunta ci gaba a kan "arewacin gaba" ya fara aiki. Baya ga samun izinin yin amfani da iskar gas mai guba, Badoglio ya sami ƙarin sojojin ƙasa. Abubuwan da Italiya III Corps da Italiya IV Corps suka isa Eritrea a farkon 1936. A tsakiyar watan Janairu, Badoglio ya shirya don sabunta ci gaban babban birnin Habasha. Badoglio ya mamaye rundunonin mayaƙan Habasha marasa lafiya da ba su da haɗin kai da gas ɗin mustard, tankuna, da manyan bindigogi.[2]
Shiri
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A farkon watan Janairun 1936, sojojin Habasha suna cikin tuddai a ko'ina suna kallon wuraren Italiya suna kai musu hari akai-akai. Ɗan mulkin kama-karya na Italiya, Benito Mussolini, ya ƙasa hakura da harin Italiyan da aka fara kai wa, da kuma kwace Habashawa daga filin wasa. Da yake mayar da martani ga gargaɗin da ya yi akai-akai, Badoglio ya ce Mussolini: “Ya kasance dokata koyaushe in kasance da himma wajen yin shiri domin in hanzarta yin aiki.”[3]
Habashawa da ke fuskantar Italiya sun kasance ruƙuni uku. A tsakiyar, kusa da Abiy Addi da kuma gefen kogin Beles a Tembien, akwai Ras Kassa tare da mutane kusan 40,000 da kuma Ras Seyum Mangasha mai kimanin mutane 30,000. A gefen dama na Habasha Ras Mulugeta Yeggazu tare da sojojinsa kusan 80,000 ne a saman Amba Aradam. Ras Imru Haile Selassie tare da mutane kusan 40,000 suna gefen hagu na Habasha a yankin Seleh Leha a lardin Shire.[4]
Badoglio yana da gawawwakin sojoji biyar a hannunsa. A gefen damansa, yana da rundunar sojojin Italiya ta IV da kuma Italiyawa II Corps suna fuskantar Ras Imru a cikin Shire. A tsakiyar Italiya akwai Rundunar Eritrea da ke fuskantar Ras Kassa da Ras Seyoum a Tembien. Fuskantar Ras Mulugeta a saman Amba Aradam shine I Corps na Italiya da Italiyawa III Corps.[4]
Da farko Badoglio ya ga halakar sojojin Ras Mulugeta a matsayin fifikonsa na farko. Dole ne a kori rundunar Mulugeta daga kakkarfan matsugunin da ke kan Amba Aradam domin Italiya ta ci gaba da tunkarar Addis Ababa. Amma Ras Kassa da Ras Seyoum suna matsin lamba daga Tembien har Badoglio ya yanke shawarar cewa sai ya fara tuntuɓar su. Idan cibiyar Habasha ta yi nasara, I Corps da III Corps da ke fuskantar Ras Mulugeta za a katse daga ƙarfafawa da sake samarwa.[4]
A ranar 19 ga watan Janairu, washegarin da aka fara kai farmakin a Tembien, Badoglio ya umarci Janar Ettore Bastico, kwamandan rundunar ta III, ya bar Makale ya mamaye Nebri da Negada. Ta hanyar yin haka, Badoglio ya rufe hanyar Tembian zuwa Ras Mulugeta yadda ya kamata, tare da hana shi aika ma'aikata zuwa Ras Kassa da Ras Seyoum.[4]
Yaƙi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A ranar 20 ga watan Janairu, Badoglio ya ƙaddamar da yaƙin farko na Tembien. A gefen hagu na Rundunar Eritrea, 2nd Division Eritrea sun ci gaba a cikin ginshiƙai biyu ta yankin da ke kusa da Ab'aro Pass. A hannun dama na Ƙungiyar Eritrea, 2nd CC. NN. Division "28 Ottobre" ya ci gaba zuwa rafi wanda shine kogin Beles. Sojojin Italiya na III sun rike Nebri da Negada.[5]
Janar Diamanti na Italiya ya jagoranci wani ginshiƙin sojoji kusan 1500 zuwa yankin Daran, inda Habashawa suka yi nasarar korar turawan Italiya da suka fi yawa. A ƙarshen ranar, 2nd Eritrea Division ya koma matsayi a kusa da Ab'aro Pass da 2nd CC. NN. An sake korar rukunin da ke gefen dama na Italiya zuwa Wurin Worsege inda aka kewaye shi da dakarun tare da kewaye. Kwanaki uku 'yan Habashan, wadanda ke da fifiko a lamba, sun kaddamar da hare-hare bayan hare-haren da aka kai wa 'yan Italiya sun katse a Worsege Pass.[5]
Badoglio ya koma 1st Eritrea Division don shiga 2nd Eritrea Division a Ab'aro Pass. Daga nan sai Badoglio ya umarci kwamandan runduna ta biyu ta Eritiriya, Janar Achille Vaccarisi, da ya ci gaba a kan hanyar Worsege kuma ya taimaka wa Italiyawa da ke wurin.[4]
Da yammacin ranar 22 ga watan Janairu, CC. NN. Har ila yau, an katse yanki da sansanin na Worsege Pass da ruwa da harsasai, fushin harin Habasha ya kai ga gaci, kuma Badoglio ya tsara shirin janyewa zuwa sabbin hanyoyin tsaro. Babu yadda za a yi a san abin da sakamakon zai kasance idan ya yi yunkurin janye mutane 70,000, dabbobi 14,000, da bindigogi 300 na sojojin Italiya na I Corps da III a kan titin daya tilo daga Makale tare da sojojin Ras Mulugeta a bayansu.
Duk da haka sojojin Italiya a mashigar Worsege sun yi taurin kai wajen tunkude duk wani harin Habasha kuma a rana ta uku, sojojin Vaccarisi sun huta. A cewar Italiya, Habashawa sun ja da baya a lokacin da dakarun agaji suka bayyana. A cewar Ras Kassa, Rundunar Sojan Sama ta Italiya (Regia Aeronautica Italiana) ta ceci ranar Badoglio. Mutanensa ba za su iya tsayawa da mugun giza-gizan gas ɗin mastad da aka yi ta zubar da ruwa ba a kan hanyoyin da sojojinsa suke bi, da sansanonin da suke taruwa, da duk wani yanki da ke kewaye da su.[4]
Bayan haka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Da safiyar ranar 24 ga watan Janairu, yaƙin farko na Tembien ya ƙare. Yayin da sojojin Ras Kassa da na Ras Seyoum suka ja da baya daga yankin da ke kusa da Worsege Pass, ba a lalata su ba kuma har yanzu suna riƙe da Tembien. Bugu da ƙari, sojojin Ras Imru da Ras Mulugeta sun kasance cikakku. Duk da haka, barazanar da sojojin cibiyar Habasha suka yi wa I Corps da III Corps an kawar da su kuma yanzu Badoglio ya sami 'yanci ya mai da hankalinsa ga dama na Habasha da Ras Mulugeta. Badoglio ya dauki yakin a matsayin nasara, an dakile harin Habasha, sojojinsu sun yi hasarar da wuyar maye gurbin harsasai kuma sun yi asarar rayuka da dama. Bayan yaƙin shirin soji ya kasance a hannun Italiya. Yakin Amba Aradam ya biyo baya.[4]
Kusan wata ɗaya bayan haka, yaƙin Tembien na biyu zai zama mafi yanke hukunci tsakanin sojojin Ras Kassa da Ras Seyoum da kuma sojojin Italiya.[5]
Duba kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Umurnin Habasha na Yaƙin Italo-Abyssiniya na Biyu
- Sojojin Daular Habasha
- Jerin makaman yakin Italo-Ethiopia na biyu na Habasha
- Umarnin Italiya na Yaƙin Italo-Abyssiniya na Biyu
- Royal Italian Army
- Jerin kayan aikin sojan Italiya a yakin Italo da Habasha na biyu
Nassoshi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Barker, A.J. (1971). Rape of Ethiopia, 1936. New York: Ballantine Books. pp. 160 pages. ISBN 978-0-345-02462-6.
- Barker, A.J. (1968). The Civilizing Mission: A History of the Italo-Ethiopian War of 1935-1936. New York: Dial Press. pp. 383 pages.
- Laffin, John (1995). Brassey's Dictionary of Battles. New York: Barnes & Noble Books. pp. 501 pages. ISBN 0-7607-0767-7.