Yaki A Darfur
Yakin Darfur, wanda kuma ake yi wa lakabi da Land Cruiser War, [bayanin kula 1] wani babban rikici ne na makami a yankin Darfur na kasar Sudan wanda ya fara a watan Fabrairun 2003 lokacin da kungiyoyin 'yan tawaye na Sudan Liberation Movement (SLM) da Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) suka fara yaki da gwamnatin Sudan, wadanda suka zarga da zaluntar al'ummar Darfur wadanda ba Larabawa ba.[1] Gwamnati ta mayar da martani kan hare-haren ta hanyar gudanar da wani gangamin kawar da kabilanci a kan wadanda ba Larabawa ba na Darfur. Wannan ya yi sanadin mutuwar dubban daruruwan fararen hula tare da tuhumar shugaban kasar Sudan Omar al-Bashir da laifin kisan kare dangi da laifukan yaki da kuma cin zarafin bil adama da kotun hukunta manyan laifuka ta duniya ta yi[2]. Wani bangare na rikicin ya kunshi sojojin Sud[3]an, 'yan sanda, da Janjaweed, kungiyar 'yan tawayen Sudan wadanda akasarin mambobinta ake daukarsu aiki a tsakanin 'yan asalin Afirka Larabawa da kuma wasu tsirarun 'yan kabilar Bedouin na arewacin Rizeigat; Yawancin sauran kungiyoyin Larabawa a Darfur sun kasance ba su da hannu.[4] Bangaren kuma ya kunshi kungiyoyin ‘yan tawaye, musamman SLM/A da JEM, wadanda aka dauka da farko daga kabilun Musulman Fur, Zaghawa, da Masalit wadanda ba Larabawa ba. Har ila yau kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na da tawagar wanzar da zaman lafiya ta hadin gwiwa a yankin mai suna UNAMID. Duk da cewa gwamnatin Sudan ta musanta cewa tana goyon bayan kungiyar Janjaweed, amma shaidu sun tabbatar da ikirarin cewa ta ba da taimakon kudi da makamai da hada kai hare-hare na hadin gwiwa, da yawa kan fararen hula[5][6]. Kiyasin adadin mutanen da suka mutu ya kai dubu dari da suka mutu, daga yaki ko yunwa da cututtuka. Matsugunan jama'a da ƙaura na tilastawa sun tilasta wa miliyoyin mutane shiga sansanonin 'yan gudun hijira ko ketare iyaka, lamarin da ya haifar da rikicin bil adama. Sakataren harkokin wajen Amurka Colin Powell ya bayyana lamarin a matsayin kisan kiyashi ko ayyukan kisan kare dangi.[7]
Gwamnatin Sudan da JEM sun rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar tsagaita bude wuta a watan Fabrairun 2010, tare da kulla yarjejeniyoyin neman zaman lafiya. JEM ita ce ta fi samun riba daga tattaunawar kuma za ta iya ganin 'yancin cin gashin kai, kamar Sudan ta Kudu. Sai dai tattaunawar ta wargaza sakamakon zargin da sojojin Sudan suka yi na kai hare-hare da kuma kai farmaki kan wani kauye, wanda hakan ya saba wa yarjejeniyar Tolu. Kungiyar ta JEM, kungiyar 'yan tawaye mafi girma a Darfur, ta sha alwashin kauracewa tattaunawar.[8]
Sanarwar daftarin tsarin mulkin watan Agusta na 2019, wanda sojoji da wakilan farar hula suka rattaba hannu a lokacin juyin juya halin Sudan, na bukatar a samar da tsarin zaman lafiya da zai kai ga cimma yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya a Darfur da sauran yankunan da ake fama da rikici a Sudan a cikin watanni shida na farko na watanni 39 na mika mulki ga gwamnatin farar hula ta dimokradiyya.[9][10]
An rattaba hannu kan wata cikakkiyar yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya a ranar 31 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2020 tsakanin hukumomin Sudan da wasu kungiyoyin 'yan tawaye don kawo karshen tashin hankalin da ke dauke da makamai.[11]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ [33]"Q&A: Sudan's Darfur conflict". BBC News. 8 February 2010. Archived from the original on 14 April 2009. Retrieved 24 March 2010.
- ↑ [35]"The Prosecutor v. Omar Hassan Ahmad Al Bashir". International Criminal Court. Archived from the original on 8 May 2016. Retrieved 24 April 2016.
- ↑ [40]"Will peace return to Darfur?". BBC News. 23 February 2010. Archived from the original on 8 July 2010. Retrieved 11 July 2010.
- ↑ [36]de Waal, Alex (25 July 2004). "Darfur's Deep Grievances Defy All Hopes for An Easy Solution". The Observer. London. Archived from the original on 28 August 2013. Retrieved 13 January 2011.
- ↑ [38]Uppsala Conflict Data Program Conflict Encyclopedia, Sudan, one-sided conflict, Janjaweed – civilians Archived 22 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ [37]"Rights Group Says Sudan's Government Aided Militias". The Washington Post. 20 July 2004. Archived from the original on 4 January 2006. Retrieved 14 January 2007. "Darfur – Meet the Janjaweed". American Broadcasting Company. 3 June 2008. Archived from the original on 12 October 2008. Retrieved 16 July 2008.
- ↑ [39]Adam Jones (27 September 2006). Genocide: A Comprehensive Introduction. Routledge. p. 373. ISBN 978-1-134-25980-9. Archived from the original on 19 March 2015. Retrieved 19 March 2016.
- ↑ [41]"Jem Darfur rebels snub Sudan peace talks over 'attacks'". BBC News. 4 May 2010. Archived from the original on 8 July 2010. Retrieved 11 July 2010.
- ↑ [43]FFC; TMC; IDEA; Reeves, Eric (10 August 2019). "Sudan: Draft Constitutional Charter for the 2019 Transitional Period". sudanreeves.org. Archived from the original on 10 August 2019. Retrieved 10 August 2019.
- ↑ [42]FFC; TMC (4 August 2019). "(الدستوري Declaration (العربية))" [(Constitutional Declaration)] (PDF). raisethevoices.org (in Arabic). Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 August 2019. Retrieved 5 August 2019.
- ↑ [44]"Sudan signs peace deal with rebel groups from Darfur". Al Jazeera. 31 August 2020. Archived from the original on 31 August 2020. Retrieved 31 August 2020.