Yakin Mahdist
 | ||||
| ||||
| Iri | yaƙi | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Suna saboda | Mahdi | |||
| Bangare na | Scramble for Africa | |||
| Kwanan watan | 1881 – 1899 | |||
| Wuri | Sudan | |||
| Ƙasa | Sudan | |||
Participant (en)  | ||||
| Has part(s) (en) | ||||
| Battle of Omdurman (en) | ||||
Yakin Mahdist[b] (Larabci: الثورة المهدية, romanized: ath-Thawra al-Mahdiyya; 1881-1899) an gwabza tsakanin Mahdist [1], karkashin jagorancin Muhammad Ahmad bin Abdullah, wanda ya shelanta kansa "Mahdi" na Musulunci ("Mai Jagoranci"), da kuma sojojin Masar na farko, da dakarun Khed na farko. Bayan shekaru hudu ne 'yan tawayen Mahdist suka hambarar da gwamnatin Ottoman da Masar tare da faduwar Khartoum tare da samun iko da Sudan. Jihar Mahdist ta kaddamar da hare-hare da dama ba tare da samun nasara ba a makwabtansu, inda ta fadada girman rikicin har da daular Italiya, da Jamhuriyar Kwango da kuma daular Habasha. Sun kuma fuskanci gagarumin tawaye na cikin gida. Dakarun Anglo-Masar sun sake mamaye Sudan a shekara ta 1898 kuma kasar Mahdist ta ruguje bayan shan kaye a yakin Omdurman. Juriya ta ƙarshe daga Mahdist ta ƙare a shekara mai zuwa, wanda ya kai ga ƙirƙirar Anglo-Masar Sudan (1899-1956), de jure condominium na Daular Biritaniya, da Masarautar Masar, inda Biritaniya ke da iko a kan Sudan.
Fage
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Bayan mamayar Muhammad Ali a shekara ta 1819, gwamnatin Masar ce ke mulkin Sudan.
A tsawon lokacin mulkin Masar, da dama daga cikin al'ummar Sudan sun sha wahala matuka saboda tsarin harajin da gwamnatin tsakiya ta sanya. A karkashin wannan tsarin, an sanya haraji mai tsauri ga manoma da kananan ‘yan kasuwa da masu karbar haraji da gwamnati ta nada daga kabilar Sha’iqiyya ta arewacin Sudan suke karba. A cikin munanan shekaru, musamman a lokutan fari da yunwa, manoma ba su iya biyan haraji mai yawa. Saboda tsoron zalunci da rashin adalci na Sha'iqiyya, manoma da yawa sun tsere daga kauyukansu na kwarin Nilu mai albarka zuwa lungunan Kordofan da Darfur. Su dai wadannan bakin hauren da aka fi sani da "jallaba" bayan shigarsu mara kyau, sun fara aiki a matsayin kananan 'yan kasuwa da dillalan kamfanonin kasuwanci na kasashen waje da suka kafa kansu a birane da garuruwan tsakiyar kasar Sudan. Jallaba kuma an san su ƙabilun cinikin bayi ne.
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Tashin Mahdi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Muhammad Ahmad, mai kiran kansa Mahdi
Wannan tuta dai shela ce ta imani da kuma tawakkali ga Allah, kuma sojojin Mahdist na kasar Sudan ne suka kai shi yakin. Launin banner yana gano rukunin faɗa. Daga Omdurman, 1898. Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum, Glasgow, UK. An ba ta Miss Victoria MacBean, 1929. Daga cikin sojojin da ake gani a matsayin musabbabin boren akwai fushin kabilanci Sudanawa kan sarakunan Masarawa na kasashen waje, da musulmi masu farfagandar fushin ka'idojin addini na Masarawa da kuma son nada wadanda ba musulmi ba irin su Kirista Charles Gordon a manyan mukamai, da kuma juriyar Sufanci na Sudan ga "bushe, malamin Islama na mulkin Masar, wani babban jigon cinikin bayi na Masar."[2] hanyoyin samun kudin shiga a Sudan a lokacin.[3]
A cikin shekarun 1870, wani malamin addinin Musulunci mai suna Muhammad Ahmad ya yi wa'azin sabunta imani da 'yantar da kasa, kuma ya fara jan hankalin mabiya. Ba da da ewa ba a fili ya yi wa Masarawa tawaye, Muhammad Ahmad ya shelanta kansa a matsayin Mahadi, wanda aka yi alkawarin fansar duniyar Musulunci. A watan Agustan 1881 gwamnan Sudan na lokacin, Rauf Pasha, ya aika da wasu kamfanoni biyu na sojojin kasa kowanne da bindiga guda daya domin su kama shi.
balaguron hiks
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Babban labarin: Yaƙin Anglo-Masar Yayin da gwamnatin Masar a yanzu ta wuce karkashin ikon Birtaniyya, kasashen Turai sun kara fahimtar matsalolin Sudan. Masu ba da shawara na Burtaniya ga gwamnatin Masar sun ba da izini ga wani balaguro. A cikin lokacin bazara na 1883, sojojin Masar sun mayar da hankali a Khartoum, a ƙarshe sun kai ƙarfin kusan sojoji 7,300, mahayan doki 1,000, da kuma dakarun sojoji 300 suna jigilar bindigogi 4 Krupp 80mm, bindigogin dutse 10 da bindigogi 6 Nordenfelt. An sanya wannan runduna a karkashin jagorancin Kanar Sojan Bombay mai ritaya William Hicks da hafsoshi goma sha biyu na Turai. Ƙarfin shi ne, a cikin kalmomin Winston Churchill, "watakila mafi munin sojojin da ya taɓa yin tafiya zuwa yaki"[4]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ The British participation in the war is called the Sudan campaign. Other names for this war include the Mahdist Revolt, the Anglo–Sudan War and the Sudanese Mahdist Revolt.
- ↑ Mortimer, Edward, Faith and Power, Vintage, 1982, p. 77.
- ↑ Holt, P.M. (1958). The Mahdist State in the Sudan 1881 – 1898: A Study of Its Origin, Development, and Overthrow. Clarendon: Oxford University
- ↑ Churchill, Winston (1902). The River War. Longmans, Green