Yakin Somalia (2006-2009)
Yaƙin Basasa na Somaliya (2006-2009).
Harin da kasar Habasha ta yi wa kasar Somaliya, wanda kuma aka fi sani da mamayar Habasha na Somalia [1]ko kuma shiga tsakanin Habasha a yakin basasar Somalia, wani rikici ne na makami wanda ya dade daga karshen shekara ta 2006 zuwa farkon 2009. Ya fara ne lokacin da dakarun soja daga kasar Habasha, da goyon bayan Amurka, suka mamaye Somalia don korar Kotunan Islama (ICU) da kuma kafa gwamnatin tarayya ta wucin gadi (GF). Rikicin ya ci gaba bayan mamayewar ne a lokacin da tawaye na adawa da Habasha ya kunno kai cikin sauri. A cikin 2007 da 2008, 'yan tawayen sun sake karbe mafi yawan yankunan da ICU ta rasa. Shigar sojojin Habasha ya fara ne a matsayin mayar da martani ga karuwar ikon kotunan Islama, wanda ke aiki a matsayin gwamnatin gaskiya a yawancin kudancin Somaliya a karshen shekara ta 2006. Domin karfafa raunanan sojojin Habasha da ke samun goyon bayan DFKM, dakaru daga Rundunar Tsaro ta Habasha (ENDF) sun fara tura Somaliya a watan Yunin 2006. Bayan watanni shida a cikin watan Disamba na 2006, haɗin gwiwar ENDF/GTF, ya kaddamar da haɗin gwiwar ENDF/GTF. cikakken mamayewa domin kifar da kotunan Musulunci. Tsarin kungiyar ICU ya wargaje, sojojin ENDF/TFG sun shiga Mogadishu a cikin kwanakin karshe na Disamba. A farkon shekara ta 2007 an fara tayar da kayar baya, wanda ya ta'allaka ne a kan sa-kai na hadakar masu biyayya ga kotunan Islama, masu aikin sa kai, 'yan sa-kai, da kungiyoyin 'yan kishin Islama daban-daban, wadanda daga karshe Al-Shabaab ta dauki muhimmin aiki. A daidai wannan lokaci ne kungiyar tarayyar Afrika AU ta kafa rundunar wanzar da zaman lafiya ta AMISOM, inda ta aike da dubban sojoji zuwa kasar Somaliya domin karfafa wa dakarun gwamnatin wucin gadi da kuma ENDF da aka yi wa kawanya. Kungiyar 'yan tawayen Somaliya (ARS), wacce ta gaji ICU, ta kara tunzura 'yan tawayen Islama da shiga yakin.
A cikin shekaru biyun da suka biyo baya, ENDF, da gwamnatin rikon kwarya da kuma AMISOM, sun tsunduma cikin gwagwarmayar gwagwarmayar da ke ci gaba da tada kayar baya, wanda ya kai ga gudun hijirar kusan mutane miliyan daya daga Mogadishu.[2][3]Masu fashin teku a gabar tekun Somalia, wadanda a baya ICU suka murkushe su, ya yadu matuka.[4] A karshen 2007, sojojin ENDF sun durkushe kuma suna fuskantar yakin gaba da yawa ba tare da fatan samun nasara ba. Yayin da aka gwabza kazamin fada a Mogadishu, mahara sun kaddamar da hare-hare a kudanci da tsakiyar kasar Somaliya a karshen shekara ta 2007 da 2008, inda suka sake kwato yankunan da ICU ta bata a baya. A shekara ta 2008, al-Shabaab ta fara karbe iko da wasu muhimman yankuna na kudancin Somaliya tare da fara gudanar da mulki a karon farko[5]. Mamaya na sojojin Habasha ya lalace,[6]kuma ya zuwa kaka na shekara ta 2008, fiye da kashi 80% na yankin da ICU ta rasa a lokacin mamayar 'yan tawayen sun sake kwace su.[7] Ya zuwa watan Nuwamba, 'yan tawayen sun yi nasara sosai.[8]Ya zuwa watan Disambar 2008, gwamnatin wucin gadi ta ke da iko a wasu sassan Mogadishu da birnin Baidoa kawai.[9] A wannan watan ne shugaban gwamnatin rikon kwarya Abdullahi Yusuf ya yi murabus bayan da ya bayyana cewa ya rasa iko da kasar Somaliya saboda ‘yan tawaye.[10]Gwamnatin Habasha da ke marawa baya ta kasance mai rauni kuma tana da rarrabuwar kawuna, saboda rauninta bai canza ba daga jiharta kafin mamayewar.[11]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ [36]Rice, Xan (January 26, 2009). "Ethiopia ends Somalia occupation". The Guardian. Ethiopian troops invaded Somalia in December 2006 to crush the Islamic Courts Union (ICU)
- ↑ [38]"Ethiopian troops quit bases in Mogadishu". Reuters. January 13, 2009. Retrieved June 24, 2023.
- ↑ [37]Ibrahim, Mohamed; Gettleman, Jeffrey (January 13, 2009). "Ethiopians Withdraw From Key Bases". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 24, 2023.
- ↑ [18]Griswold, Eliza (April 20, 2009). "The Truth About the Somali Pirates". The Atlantic. ISSN 2151-9463. Retrieved March 12, 2024.
- ↑ [39]Cook, Joana; Maher, Shiraz, eds. (2023). The Rule Is For None But Allah. Oxford University Press. p. 111. ISBN 9780197690390.
- ↑ [40]Ibrahim, Mohamed; Gettleman, Jeffrey (January 2, 2009). "Ethiopian Army Begins Leaving Mogadishu". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 12, 2024. But the Ethiopian occupation mostly failed. The Somali government is as divided and weak as ever. Islamist insurgents, many of them radical and violent, have seized control of much of Somalia.
- ↑ [41]Samatar, Abdi Ismail (2013), Bereketeab, Redie (ed.), "The Production of Somali Conflict and the Role of Internal and External Actors", The Horn of Africa, Intra-State and Inter-State Conflicts and Security, Pluto Press, pp. 156–177, doi:10.2307/j.ctt183p650.14, ISBN 978-0-7453-3311-3, JSTOR j.ctt183p650.14, retrieved January 11, 2024
- ↑ [42]"Horn of Africa's challenges grow - Somalia". ReliefWeb. Oxford Analytica. November 5, 2008. Retrieved May 4, 2024.
- ↑ [43]"Somalis killed as Islamists clash". BBC News. December 30, 2008. Archived from the original on December 31, 2008. Retrieved July 9, 2011. In 2006, President Yusuf made the unpopular decision to call in troops from neighbouring Ethiopia to prop up his fragile administration but the move has failed to quell the Islamist insurgency.
- ↑ [44]"Last Ethiopian troops leave Somalia's capital". NBC News. January 15, 2009. Retrieved October 26, 2023.
- ↑ [40]Ibrahim, Mohamed; Gettleman, Jeffrey (January 2, 2009). "Ethiopian Army Begins Leaving Mogadishu". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 12, 2024. But the Ethiopian occupation mostly failed. The Somali government is as divided and weak as ever. Islamist insurgents, many of them radical and violent, have seized control of much of Somalia.