Yan Taru
 Yan Taru |
|---|
Nana Asma'u dan Fodio ta fara yunkurin 'Yan Taru ne a shekarar 1838 da nufin karfafawa da ilmantar da mata a Daular Sakkwato ta lokacin . Kungiyar ta tsallake rijiya da baya bayan rasuwar wanda ya kafa ta, wato karshen halifanci da kuma lokacin mulkin mallaka na Najeriya, kuma har yanzu tana nan.
Da kafuwar Khalifanci a shekara ta 1808, Shaikh Uthman dan Fodio ya ba da fifiko wajen ilimantar da matan sabuwar jiharsa. Ya fito daga Bafulatani, mata masu ilimi ne suka taso shi kamar yadda ake koyon Mahaifiyarsa da kakarsa. A iyalan Fulbe, an dora wa mata aikin koyar da yara kanana karatun addinin Musulunci. Shaikh din ya kwadaitar da mata da su rika halartar laccocin malamai da malamai. Sai dai bayan shekaru ashirin da rasuwarsa 'yarsa Nana Asma'u za ta fara yunkurinta na ilmantar da mata. [1]
Tarihin ƙungiya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kalmar ƴan-taru tana nufin "ƙungiyar gama gari" ko "wadanda suka taru" a cikin harshen Hausa, yaren daular Sokoto Calipate . A wajajen shekara ta 1838 Nana Asma'u tare da mijinta Gidado, Maigirma Wazirin Sokoto suka fara darussa kan ilimin addinin musulunci da tarihi a gidansu dake cikin birnin sokoto . Dukkansu sun rubuta littafai da dama akan Shaikh Uthman da Muhammand Bello . Asali a harshen Larabci, Nana Asma’u ta fassara ɗimbin ayyuka na gargajiya da na zamani zuwa Fulfulde da Hausa domin su sami dama ga waɗanda ba sa jin harshen Larabci. Ta mayar da hankali wajen yada ilimin addinin musulunci ta hanya mai sauki don a iya tunawa, ga jaji (malamai) da dalibai. Ta sauqaqe abubuwa kamar Aqidah, Fiqhu da tazkiyyathul nafs . [2] Asma’u ta karantar da cewa ’ yan izala da koyar da matan Sufaye na gargajiya da halaye da koyarwar yayanta Bello, halifa da mahaifinta Shaikh Uthman a matsayin misali da za a yi koyi da su.
Darussan karatunta sun yi girma yayin da mata daga kauyukan da ke makwabtaka da su ke ziyartar Sakkwato don halartar su. [1] An kuma san wannan yunkuri na ilmantar da yara kanana. Nana Asma'u ta nada Jajis wadanda suka kasance mata masu ilmin koyar da mata. [4] Ta baiwa kowacce malfa wacce hula ce wacce ta zama alamar ofis na gargajiya daure da jajayen rawani. [5] [6] Hulunan malfa an yi su ne da kyawawan ciyayi masu siliki mai siffar balloon na musamman kamar yadda ake son sanya su a kan rawani. Yawancin lokaci maza ne suke sanya su. Marigayi Wazirin Sokoto ya kasance yana sanya daya a lokutan bukukuwa. Malfa kuma yana daya daga cikin alamomin ofishin da Lima na Gobir, shugaban mata masu bautar Mbori ke amfani da shi. Da gangan Nana Asma'u ta yi amfani da malfa wajen rage darajarsa da kuma canza shi daga alamar addinin arna na Bori zuwa alamar Musulunci. Ta ba wa kowane sabon Jaji jan rawani, ko ɗigon jajayen kyalle. Rawani ya kara tabbatar da ikon mai sanye da Nana Asma'u ta baiwa kowane Jaji da aka nada.
Asma’u da kanta ta horar da jajis, inda ta samar musu da tsare-tsare da darasi na yada ayyukan Musulunci a tsakanin al’umma ta hanyar zagayawa a duk fadin daular halifanci ta ilmantar da mutane a kan dabi’u na addini da na asali na Musulunci a cikin ayyukan yau da kullum, don “sake fasalin rayuwarsu ta yau da kullun zuwa tsarin Musulunci”. Sakamakon jihadin da ake yi a lokacin, an samu sabbin masu shiga addinin Musulunci da kuma kungiyar 'Yan Taru ta hanyar Jaji sun taimaka musu wajen ilmantar da su kan muhimman abubuwan Musulunci kamar Sallah da Sunnah . Kafin rasuwarta, yawancin matan Sokoto sun iya koyo da fahimtar tushen addinin Musulunci. [2]
Bayan rasuwar Nana Asma'u a shekara ta 1864, 'yar uwarta Mariamu, wacce ita ma babbar malami ce ta ci gaba da wannan yunkuri. Har yanzu yunkurin yana nan a cikin karni na 21. Sun kasance muhimmiyar mahimmanci wajen tantance zabe a Arewacin Najeriya, inda wasu mata masu kada kuri’a suka fi maza. [1] A karshen Khalifancin Sakkwato kuma farkon Turawan Mulkin Mallaka na Arewacin Najeriya, jagoran kungiyar ‘Yan Taru shi ne Tamodi, Jikan Shaikh Uthman dan Fodio. Har yanzu mata sun ziyarce ta a Sakkwato musamman don karatun addinin Musulunci.
Gado
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kungiyoyin zamani da dama a Arewacin Najeriya da suka fi mayar da hankali kan ilimantar da mata, irinsu Jam’iyar Matan Arewa, Women in Nigeria (WIN) da Federation of Muslim Women Association of Nigeria (FOMWAN), sun bayar da misali da kungiyar ‘Yan Taru a matsayin abin zaburarwa. Wadannan kungiyoyi sun kasance a sahun gaba wajen bayar da shawarwari da fafutukar ganin an samar da ingantattun makarantu da ilimi ga mata da yara a Najeriya musamman a Arewa. [7]
Kusan ƙarni biyu bayan kafuwar sa, ƙungiyar ta zama duniya. Yan Taru yana da babi a jihohi da yawa a Amurka kamar Pennsylvania, Texas, Alabama, Georgia, California da Florida tare da ɗaruruwan mata da ke halartar ɗalibai. Suna sauƙaƙe shirye-shiryen ilimi da jin daɗin rayuwar mata a duniya. [5] Akwai wasu Jajis a duniya kamar Dylia bint Hamadi Camara wacce 'yar kasar Mali ce wacce aka nada ta Jaji ta kasa ta kungiyar Yan Taru ta Amurka.
Magana
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Boyd, Jean; Last, Murray (1985). "The Role of Women as "Agents Religieux" in Sokoto". Canadian Journal of African Studies. 19 (2): 283–300. doi:10.2307/484826. ISSN 0008-3968. JSTOR 484826. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 2.0 2.1 Codingest (17 October 2022). "Nana Asmau and Yan Taru movement: An excellent example of women empowerment from West Africa". Islamonweb English (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-05-08. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":1" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Asma’u, Nana (1997). "Excerpt from: Collected works of Nana Asma'u, daughter of Usman 'dan Fodiyo (1793-1864)". Boston University Open Libraries (in Larabci).
- ↑ Merritt, Nikki (1994). "Nana Asma'u, Her Elegies and the Possibility of 'Insider Alternatives'". African Languages and Cultures. 7 (2): 91–99. doi:10.1080/09544169408717779. ISSN 0954-416X. JSTOR 1771806.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 ABBAS, WARDAH. "Honouring the Yan – Taru Legacy of Nana Asma'u Bint Uthman Dan Fodio". Amaliah. Retrieved 2023-05-07. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":2" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Webmaster (3 June 2017). "Nana Asma'u and the 'yan taru movement". Daily Trust (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-05-08.
- ↑ Bawa, Aisha Balarabe (March 2019). "Historical Narratives of Women's Contributions to Education in Northern Nigeria". International Journal of Language, Literature and Gender Studies. 8 (17): 1. doi:10.4314/laligens.v8i1.1. S2CID 167103498.